Palais Simon (Hanover)

Palais Simon with inscriptions Handels-Kammer Hannover and Handels- u. Industry Museum . Photo postcard c. 1919 Original in the Hanover Historical Museum

The Palais Simon in Hanover was a palace -like palace built in the 19th century in the last years of the Kingdom of Hanover , which played an important urban and cultural role in the history of the city of Hanover - but was demolished in the 1950s . The location of the neo-Romanesque building was at the time Brühlstrasse 1 at the corner of Escherstrasse in Calenberger Neustadt on the border with Hanover's Mitte district .

history

The palace was named after the banker of the Hanoverian King George V , Israel Simon , who had the building erected as his own residence by the architect Christian Heinrich Tramm in front of the gates of the royal seat .

View over the Clevertor Bridge along Brühlstrasse to the Palais Simon (center) outside the Clevertor , on the right the Clevertor guard, which was broken off in 1884

The location for Simon's residence was by no means chosen by chance: his palace-like palace was in a direct line between the historic government residences of the Leineschloss and Herrenhausen Palace and the one built around the same time and also by the architect Tramm, initially only intended as the summer residence of the royal family Welfenschloss . On the shortest possible route between the former residence in the old town of Hanover and the lordly palaces in the Herrenhausen Gardens , the Jewish banker's private residence also demonstrated a new self-confidence in terms of urban planning . Located outside the facilities of the former city fortifications of Hanover at the Clevertor , Brühlstraße led past the Clevertor-Wache and over the Clevertorbrücke centrally to the main entrance between the two towers on the middle wing of the Simon'schen Palais.

Visitors from Calenberger Neustadt first passed the Simonsplatz, named after the king's banker, with the fountain system installed there , before they came to Simon's residence. The palace on the way to King Platz and to the mansions Allee presented itself as a three-winged Haustein Plant from Deister - sandstone that Heinrich Christian Tramm in Romanesque Revival was designed forms.

But only a few years after the completion of Israel Simon's representative residential building, after the German War , the Battle of Langensalza and the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia in 1866 and King George V, who was therefore exiled to his relatives in Vienna , the welf loyalty and soon the banker impoverished his former sovereign in the center of the Habsburg monarchy .

Shortly before, one of the last official acts of King George V in Hanover was his signature on September 12, 1866 under the founding document of the Hanover Chamber of Commerce at that time, whose representatives in these first decades of industrialization did not want to organize themselves as any other association , but by Initially pursued the goal of a state- recognized chamber . In the late founding years of the German Empire, the later IHK moved to Palais Simon in 1896, where it maintained its office until after the First World War and at the beginning of the Weimar Republic until autumn 1919.

From the end of 1919, the Simon Palace was used as a trade and industrial museum for the Hanover Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933, though that was quickly Simon Place and the nearby Simon Street renamed the Palace but after a redesign by Herbert Roehrig and 1937 after a costly redesign to promote the Nazi boom content redesigned. During the Second World War , the exhibits in the museum were completely destroyed by aerial bombs on Hanover during the bombing of October 9, 1943 , but the building itself was only slightly destroyed.

In the early years of the economic boom after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany , the urban planning officer Otto Meffert , who essentially followed the plans of his predecessor Karl Elkart , implemented the road relief road on the western bank of the Leine that was planned in the course of the car-friendly city through the Leibnizufer road, which was laid out in 1951 . While the 3rd version of these plans would have spared the historically significant building stock, the more radical ideas of urban planner Rudolf Hillebrecht prevailed, who preferred "[...] a 60 m wide aisle through the former development between Goethestrasse and Königsworther Platz" . This solution not only fell victim to the Palais Simon, which was demolished in 1952, but also to the "[...] Brückmühle, which was demolished in 1951 through the oversized Leineuferstraße at its confluence with Friederikenplatz ."

literature

Herbert Röhrig : The Trade and Industry Museum in Hanover. What it wants and how it should be In: Wirtschaftsblatt Niedersachsen. (Born 1934, number 19/20), Trade and Industry Museum of the Hanover Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Hanover [1934].
NN: Hanover Trade and Industry Museum of the Hanover Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Leader. Prospectus , IHK, Hanover 1938
Albert Lefèvre: 100 years of Hanover Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 1866-1966. Mission and fulfillment. Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik Bartels, Wiesbaden 1966, p. 66 u.ö.

Remarks

↑ Deviating from this, the year 1906 is given as the opening date of the museum, compare Thomas Schwark : Handels- und Industriemuseum. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 251f.
↑ Literally there: “[...] Destruction u. Total loss in bombing [...] ”, which can give the impression that not only the exhibition but also the palace has been totally destroyed

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Simon, (1) Israel. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . P. 335; online through google books
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Friedrich Lindau : Planning and building in the fifties in Hanover. Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-87706-530-9 . passim ; mostly online via Google books
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Architects and Engineers Association Hanover (Ed.), Theodor Unger (Red.): 24. C4. Trade association , in this: Hanover. Guide through the city and its buildings. Commemorative publication for the fifth general assembly of the Association of German Architects and Engineers . Klindworth, Hanover 1882, p. 9, together with the city map of Hanover attached to the document , there grid square C4 , number 24
^ Helmut Zimmermann : Brühlstraße , in ders .: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 49.
^ Helmut Zimmermann: Escherstrasse. in the other: The street names ... p. 74.
^ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Welfengarten 1. In: Hanover. Art and culture lexicon . P. 214ff.
↑ Compare, for example, the digital version of a photograph of the situation from 1884.
↑ Compare the print of a photograph in the possession of the Historisches Museum Hannover from 1870 in Ludwig Hoerner : Simonsplatz und Clevertorwache, 1870 , in ders .: Hannover in early photographs. 1848-1910 . Schirmer-Mosel, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-921375-44-4 . (With a contribution by Franz Rudolf Zankl), p. 182f.
↑ ^a ^b Lars Ruzik: Ignited late, caught up quickly. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry is celebrating its 150th anniversary - and will elect its 23rd President on Monday. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of January 30, 2016, p. 12.
↑ ^a ^b Rainer Ertel : Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) Hanover. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 316.
^ NN : Mitteilungen der Gauß-Gesellschaft , Edition 27, 1990, p. 62; Preview over google books
^ Thomas Schwark : Trade and Industry Museum . In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 251f.

↑ Leibnizufer. In: Helmut Zimmermann : The street names of the state capital Hanover. Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 157.

↑ Gerd white, Marianne ten pfennig: The northern suburb of Königsworth. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, Volume 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller , Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 96-99; here, p. 96 .; as well as Calenberger Neustadt in the addendum to volume 10.2: List of architectural monuments acc. § 4 ( NDSchG ) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover. P. 5f.

^ Herbert Obenaus : Brühlstrasse 27: The Villa Simon. In: The University of Hanover. Their buildings, their gardens, their planning history. Edited on behalf of the President of the University of Hanover by Sid Auffarth and Wolfgang Pietsch , Imhof, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-90-3 , pp. 239–246.

Web links

Commons : Palais Simon - collection of images, videos and audio files

52.37601 9.72684Coordinates: 52 ° 22 '33.6 " N , 9 ° 43' 36.6" E

[12] Deviating from this, the year 1906 is given as the opening date of the museum, compare Thomas Schwark : Handels- und Industriemuseum. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 251f.

[14] Literally there: “[...] Destruction u. Total loss in bombing [...] ”, which can give the impression that not only the exhibition but also the palace has been totally destroyed

[HBL_Simon-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Simon, (1) Israel. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . P. 335; online through google books

[Fünziger_Jahre-2] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Friedrich Lindau : Planning and building in the fifties in Hanover. Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-87706-530-9 . passim ; mostly online via Google books

[Theodor_Unger-3] Architects and Engineers Association Hanover (Ed.), Theodor Unger (Red.): 24. C4. Trade association , in this: Hanover. Guide through the city and its buildings. Commemorative publication for the fifth general assembly of the Association of German Architects and Engineers . Klindworth, Hanover 1882, p. 9, together with the city map of Hanover attached to the document , there grid square C4 , number 24

[4] Helmut Zimmermann : Brühlstraße , in ders .: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 49.

[5] Helmut Zimmermann: Escherstrasse. in the other: The street names ... p. 74.

[6] Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Welfengarten 1. In: Hanover. Art and culture lexicon . P. 214ff.

[7] Compare, for example, the digital version of a photograph of the situation from 1884.

[8] Compare the print of a photograph in the possession of the Historisches Museum Hannover from 1870 in Ludwig Hoerner : Simonsplatz und Clevertorwache, 1870 , in ders .: Hannover in early photographs. 1848-1910 . Schirmer-Mosel, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-921375-44-4 . (With a contribution by Franz Rudolf Zankl), p. 182f.

[Spät_gezündet-9] Lars Ruzik: Ignited late, caught up quickly. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry is celebrating its 150th anniversary - and will elect its 23rd President on Monday. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of January 30, 2016, p. 12.

[SLH_IHK-10] Rainer Ertel : Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) Hanover. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 316.

[11] NN : Mitteilungen der Gauß-Gesellschaft , Edition 27, 1990, p. 62; Preview over google books

[13] Thomas Schwark : Trade and Industry Museum . In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 251f.

[Straßennamen-15] Leibnizufer. In: Helmut Zimmermann : The street names of the state capital Hanover. Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 157.

[DTBD-16] Gerd white, Marianne ten pfennig: The northern suburb of Königsworth. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, Volume 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller , Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 96-99; here, p. 96 .; as well as Calenberger Neustadt in the addendum to volume 10.2: List of architectural monuments acc. § 4 ( NDSchG ) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover. P. 5f.

[17] Herbert Obenaus : Brühlstrasse 27: The Villa Simon. In: The University of Hanover. Their buildings, their gardens, their planning history. Edited on behalf of the President of the University of Hanover by Sid Auffarth and Wolfgang Pietsch , Imhof, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-90-3 , pp. 239–246.