Parish and pilgrimage church Mariabrunn

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Catholic parish and pilgrimage church Mariabrunn in Vienna-Penzing
The church and on the right the former Mariabrunn monastery . South view from the Hubertuswarte

The parish and pilgrimage church of Mariabrunn is a baroque Roman Catholic parish church in Hadersdorf , part of Vienna's 14th district of Penzing . The patronage is the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and is celebrated on July 2nd. The church belongs to City Deanery 14 in the Vicariate Vienna City of the Archdiocese of Vienna . The church building is structurally connected to the former Mariabrunn monastery .

legend

According to legend, Mariabrunn is the oldest of the pilgrimage sites in the vicinity of Vienna. The name of the pilgrimage church, as well as the surrounding area Mariabrunn, comes from a legend . This tells that Queen Gisela , widow of St. Stephen of Hungary , walked sick in 1042 through the alluvial forests of the Vienna Woods in order to recover. When she got thirsty, her servants brought water from a nearby well. When they drew the water they discovered a statue of Mary in the fountain. After Gisela had drunk the water, she immediately recovered and had the statue moved to a small, newly built wooden chapel , which was soon destroyed by the Vienna River . A few centuries later, in 1467, the statue of Mary was thrown into the same well again by soldiers from Matthias Corvinus . After several years later angelic music could be heard from the fountain , the statue of the Virgin Mary was lifted a second time by soldiers of the future Emperor Maximilian I , who had a new stone chapel built for the portrait. The statue of the Virgin Mary, around which this story is entwined, is today on the high altar of the parish and pilgrimage church in Mariabrunn and dates from the first half of the 16th century. The historic fountain in the church square is adorned by a copy of this statue. It bears the inscription: In this fountain the image of grace of our dear women, so worshiped in the high altar, was invented by Queen Gisela in 1042 by the Ertz Hertzog v. Austria Maximiliano 1490 .

History of the church

The pilgrimage tradition, which dates back to the Middle Ages , was reactivated in the course of the counter-Reformation policy of the Viennese bishop Melchior Khlesl from 1614. The first pilgrimage to the place of grace was initiated by the Viennese Benedictines of the Schottenstift from the Schottenkirche . On June 21, 1622, Emperor Ferdinand II donated 800  fl. To the construction of a sacristy . A previous building must therefore have already existed, which had the adequate size to add a sacristy. In 1623 the emperor ceded a piece of land to the place of grace, in 1630 brought the order of the Augustinian Barefoot to Vienna and handed over the previous building from the 16th century and the property in Mariabrunn to them. In 1636 he gave the order to build a new church and a monastery . A year later, Emperor Ferdinand II died, so his son Ferdinand III. personally laid the foundation stone for the new building on April 1, 1639. This event is also indicated by his initials on the triumphal arch of the presbytery . The imperial brother, Archduke Leopold Wilhelm , was ordained as Bishop of Passau . Despite large financial support, the construction proceeded only slowly, so the Augustinians had to turn to the emperor several times for support, which he repeatedly granted. Finally, the building was completed and inaugurated in 1655.

After being damaged by fire in the course of the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the church and monastery were restored in 1684. In 1662, Abraham a Santa Clara , one of the most important Baroque preachers, entered the order, began his novitiate here and later became prior (1692–1695). In 1729 the Mariabrunn church was extended by a vestibule with a late Baroque crucifixion group and stone figures of Joseph and Anna . The rich interior can be explained by funding from the Austrian imperial family , whose members often visited the church on the occasion of a hunt in the nearby Lainzer Tiergarten . Emperor Joseph II adopted Pope Pius VI on April 22, 1782 . in Mariabrunn, it was the first Pope's visit ever to Vienna. An inscription on two marble tablets on the portico built in 1729 refers to it. From 1784 the pilgrimage church also became a parish . In 1829 the monastery was closed, presumably due to a lack of staff. The imperial forest academy was set up in the monastery building, where Josef Ressel completed his studies. Today there is a state forest institute with a small forest museum.

description

inner space

Earlier research saw the Italian architect Domenico Carlone as the builder of the church, but it is now certain that his compatriot Filiberto Lucchese was responsible for the construction.

The monastery and church are at an obtuse angle to one another. The church itself is a hall with side chapels and a gallery with an organ . The narrow presbytery is spanned by a groin vault. The three- bay hall is vaulted with a barrel with stitch caps between double belt arches . The shallow side chapels between the wall pillars are closed by transverse barrels.

The facades of the Mariabrunn Church - including the tower - are uniform, but designed in different ways, taking into account the individual room components. The side facades are merely by flat cordon cornices structured and closed at the top by a finely modeled wide beams, in which the windows are integrated with flush mounts. On the western front , the entablature is cranked and is supported by tall, slender pilasters with recesses. The facade of the tall and slender campanile was covered with a two-layer plaster skin with recessed fields, which are reinforced at the corners and clamped together with cranked cornices. The church tower thus shows Luchese's characteristic facade film.

High altar

The high altar is a work of the Augustinian friar Cajetanus from the year 1768. In the center of the altar there is a Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary from the 15th / 16th centuries. Century and after the construction of the church (1639–1655) was transferred from a chapel here.

Further altars are that of St. Nicholas of Tolentino from 1709, the Eustachius altar from 1724, the cross altar from 1714, the Johannes Nepomuk altar from 1723, the Anne altar with an altarpiece by Johann Georg Schmidt from 1723 and the Trinity altar from 1713.

organ

Organ gallery with the organ by Gottfried Sonnholz

The organ was built by Gottfried Sonnholz in 1734 . The slider chest instrument has 19 stops on two manual works and a pedal . The playing actions are mechanical. The register actions are pneumatic.

I main work C – c 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Forest flute 8th'
3. Viola di gamba 8th'
4th Octav 4 ′
5. Transverse flute 4 ′
6th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Octav 2 ′
8th. mixture 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II Positive C-c 3
9. Paddock 8th'
10. Salicional 8th'
11. Principal 4 ′
12. flute 4 ′
13. Dulciana 4 ′
14th Octav 2 ′
15th Intoxicating fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedals C – d 1
16. Sub bass 16 ′
17th Principal 8th'
18th Gemshorn fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
19th Octav 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P
  • Playing aids: plenot step, mezzoforte step

Gravesites

Maria Anna von Kottulinsky († 1788), Princess of Liechtenstein, is buried in the pilgrimage church .

Fountain

Fountain with a statue of the Virgin Mary at the Marienbrunn church

Next to the church there is a baroque fountain that was built at the same time and that is said to have been built on the site of the statue of the Virgin Mary from the legend. A magnificent replica of the statue is on the fountain structure.

Inscription on the base:

“In this fountain, the gracious image of our dear women, so worshiped in the high altar, was invented by Queen Gisela in 1042 by the Ertz Hertzog v. Austria Maximiliano 1490.
Urtext from Chronicle Renov. 1925 Franz Stindl "

literature

  • Walter Kalina: The parish and pilgrimage church Mariabrunn 1639–1655 , in: Bundesdenkmalamt (Hg.), Austrian magazine for the preservation of art and monuments . LXII, Horn / Vienna 2008, issue 4, pp. 671–675.

Web links

Commons : Parish and pilgrimage church Mariabrunn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Church history ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the parish Mariabrunn , as seen on March 10, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mariabrunn.at
  2. ^ Parish Mariabrunn on the website of the Archdiocese of Vienna , viewed on March 15, 2014.
  3. ^ Alfred Missong: Holy Vienna. A guide through Vienna's churches and chapels , Vienna 1948, p. 213
  4. ^ Hugo Pfundstein, Marianisches Wien, Vienna 1963, p. 126
  5. ↑ Petr Fidler: Filiberto Luchese. A forgotten pioneer of Austrian baroque architecture , in: Otto Kresten / Adam Wandruszka (ed.): Römische Historische Mitteilungen , Volume 30, Vienna 1988, p. 189
  6. ^ Walter Kalina: The parish and pilgrimage church Mariabrunn 1639–1655 , in: Bundesdenkmalamt (ed.), Austrian magazine for art and monument preservation. LXII, Horn / Vienna 2008, issue 4, pp. 671–675.
  7. ↑ a b Mariabrunn Church in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  8. ↑ More information about the organ in Mariabrunn , as seen on May 7, 2012.

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 27.1 ″  N , 16 ° 13 ′ 42.9 ″  E