Mauthausen parish church

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Mauthausen parish church

The Roman Catholic parish church of Mauthausen in the market town of Mauthausen in Upper Austria's Mühlviertel is located above the market square, is surrounded by the old cemetery and is dedicated to St. Nicholas .

It was built in the late Gothic style in the middle of the 15th century and redesigned in Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries . At the beginning of the 20th century, a neo-Gothic pointed helmet was put on in place of the Gothic spandrel tower, which was raised in 1689 and given a baroque helmet .

geography

The parish Mauthausen is the parish church of the parish Mauthausen, a Roman Catholic parish in the deanery Perg in the region Mühlviertel in for the state of Upper Austria competent Austrian diocese of Linz in the ecclesiastical province of Vienna . The parish, which is managed under parish number 4223, is incorporated into the St. Florian Monastery as a monastery parish , looks after 3,173 Catholics who are spread over a large part of the municipality of Mauthausen .

The parish essentially includes the local area of ​​Mauthausen and the localities or districts Bernascheksiedlung, Brunngraben and Ufer in the cadastral community Mauthausen and the localities Albern, Haid, Hart, Heinrichsbrunn, Hinterholz, Reiferdorf and Vormarkt in the cadastral community Haid.

The parish is part of a pastoral care room to which the parishes of Mauthausen and Schwertberg belong.

Neighboring parish churches are Naarn and Schwertberg in the dean's office Perg , Ried in der Riedmark and St. Georgen an der Gusen in the dean's office in Pregarten , Sankt Pantaleon in Lower Austria in the dean's office in Haag ( diocese of Sankt Pölten ) and the Enns-Lorch basilica in the dean's office in Enns-Lorch .

history

parish

The parish of Mauthausen has existed as an independent parish since 1613, since 1420 it had been a branch with its own pastor for the churches of Sankt Nikolaus am Berg and Sankt Heinrich an der Donau . Before that, Mauthausen was listed as belonging to the parish of Ried in der Riedmark and thus to the diocese of Passau until 1122 , after which the parish was incorporated into the St. Florian monastery.

church

The patronage of Saint Nicholas indicates an ancient origin of the house of God, although more detailed information about it is lacking. During excavations in 1982 foundations of a tower (possibly a Roman fortified tower ), foundations of a high Romanesque church building from around 1200 and fragments of an early Gothic apse were found .

After the destruction by the Hussites (1424) took place around the middle of the 15th century under Friedrich III. the reconstruction or extensive new building in the late Gothic style and the construction of a spandrel tower. In 1522, the Annakapelle, which was also called Egkenfelderkapelle after the patron of the church, Hans Egkenfelder († 1532), was erected in the south-east, as well as a porch in the south. Egkenfelder's house brand can be found on two keystones and on his gravestone. On the pillars of the west gallery there are three stonemason's marks that were uncovered in 1982, one of which is attributed to the stonemason Frosnitzer (Admonter Hüttenbuch around 1500).

In 1689 the Gothic spandrel tower was raised and the current bell house and a baroque helmet were added, as the war commissioner Christoph Vorster from Mauthausen, who had taken part in five campaigns under Prince Eugene , had given the church a 20 hundredweight Turkish bell. In 1901 it was decided to redesign the tower with the addition of a neo-Gothic pointed helmet. The interior of the church was renovated in 1950 and the tower in 1953. The Anna Chapel, which was repealed during the Josephine reforms , was set up as a sacristy in 1977 and restored to its original state . During exterior and interior renovations from 1980 to 1983, the fragments of the previous buildings, bricked-up Gothic tracery windows , early Baroque paintings on the pillars and a fresco from 1590 on the outside of the Anna chapel came to light.

Interior decoration

The Baroque transformation that began in the 17th century with the altar in 1671 was continued with the first organ built by Franz Frosch from Landau in Lower Bavaria in 1710 and extended over the entire 18th century. The acquisition of the altar leaves by Martin Johann Schmidt (Kremser Schmidt) in 1796/97 was a highlight. In the 19th century, additional galleries were created, cross-way panels were installed and extensive renovations were carried out.

At the beginning of the 21st century, handicapped accessible access to the church was created. In the liturgical context, the improvement of the visibility by rearrangement of the bench layout, changing the steps, setting up a new altar and anvil. A staircase of light offers a bridge of thoughts to the events during the time of National Socialism in the municipality of Mauthausen.

organ

In 1897 the 12-register organ (I / II / Ped) created by Josef Mauracher from Sankt Florian was put into operation. After intensive preparation, the new Rieger organ was inaugurated in 2001 , and the organ gallery was also redesigned.

The arrangement of the organ is based on a design by Alfred Hochedlinger :

The organ has a total of 23 registers , eight in the main work, ten in the swell and five in the pedal work, as well as the corresponding couplings and thresholds.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Bourdon 8th'
3rd Octav 4 ′
4. Pointed flute 4 ′
5th fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6. Superocav 2 ′
7. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
1. Wooden dacked 8th'
2. Salicional 8th'
3. Voix celeste 8th'
4. Prestant 4 ′
5th reed flute 4 ′
6. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th flat flute 2 ′
8. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10th oboe 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
1. Sub bass 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Dacked 8th'
4. Choral bass 4 ′
5th bassoon 16 ′

Normal coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P

Parish church

Exterior of the parish church

The parish church of Mauthausen is located on a hill above the market and the Danube. It is a late Gothic church building, with remains from the Romanesque period with round windows and slit windows in the gable on the west wall.

The nave has a steep gable roof and is structured by buttresses . On the gables, partly heavily weathered sandstone reliefs can be seen (star, rosette, head, Christ's head, lion, coat of arms). The late Gothic south portal at the porch from 1520 has a pointed arched, richly profiled garment and is decorated in the tympanum with quatrefoil and fish bubble ornament . The wooden door dates from the Rococo period and still has original fittings.

The church tower of the parish church Mauthausen is in the northeast, is Gothic in the lower part and in 1689 a new bell chamber was added. In 1901 the tower was converted into a neo-Gothic pointed tower according to plans by the cathedral master builder Matthäus Schlager . A high octagonal pyramid roof rises above the trimmed gables. Including the tower cross, the tower is 60 meters high.

The parish church of Mauthausen has a remarkable baroque bell :

  • Turkish bell, cast in 1688 from Turkish cannons by Melchior Schorer in Linz, consecrated to Saints Florian , Sebastian and Nikolaus
  • Eleven bell from 1692, cast by Melchior Schorer in Linz, consecrated to Saints Maria and Anna as well as Saint Christopher
  • Twelve bell from 1692, cast by Melchior Schorer in Linz, consecrated to Saint John the Baptist as well as Saints Maria and Barbara .
  • Conversion bell from 1630 by Hans Lang in Steyr, consecrated to the Holy Trinity .

During the First World War , in addition to the copper of the tower roof and some organ pipes, three smaller bells also had to be delivered. The baroque bell was preserved.

The three late Gothic apse windows were reopened in 1982, with the tracery (three-part fish-bubble ornament, five-pass and four-pass) still completely intact. The apse windows with abstract stained glass were created by Lydia Roppolt in the Schlierbach stained glass workshop.

The Anna Chapel (also called Egkenfelder Chapel) is now used as a sacristy . Next to the entrance is the tombstone of Hanns Egkenfelder, a great patron of the church in the 16th century. The inscription commemorates Amalia, the wife of the builder and founder of the chapel, who died in 1532. The fresco on the east wall depicts the Lamentation of Christ after the Descent from the Cross and was made around 1590.

Interior of the parish church of Mauthausen

The interior of the parish church of Mauthausen is a hall church built as a long house with two symmetrical naves , to which a much narrower one-bay choir with a 5/8 end adjoins in the east. The nave, which is divided into four bays, is architecturally remarkable and merges into a three-aisled complex in the western Emporenjoch. On the two central octagonal columns there are early baroque frescoes from the 17th century depicting angels with grapevines.

In the church there is a life-size crucifix that was made around 1500/1520. In artistic terms, it is reminiscent of the work of Martin Kriechbaum or the unknown master of the Kefermarkt Altarpiece . The current color version comes from the 19th century.

The basic structure of the high altar dates from 1671 and has winding double columns. The altar was later changed several times and provided with statues. a. with a sculpture of the mercy seat , a statue of St. Augustine and St. Jerome . The changing picture cycle of the high altar consists of eight pictures, which can be changed according to the topic during the church year. Four altar leaves are late works by the baroque painter Martin Johann Schmidt .

The baroque choir stalls consist of councilors' chairs with rich inlays from the second quarter of the 18th century. The pews date from 1770. The chancel with ambo and people's altar was redesigned in 2001 by Katarina Matiasek.

The construction of the side altars is based on altars from the 17th century. The pictures show u. a. Saint John Nepomuk , the Holy Family and the conversion of Paul .

The pulpit with gold-framed ornaments from the Rococo period was raised by about half a meter during the most recent renovation.

In the church there is also a statue of Our Lady from the 19th century, which was in the Heinrichskirche until 1940. The panels of the Way of the Cross in Nazarene style were originally installed in the nave and are now hanging on the right wall of the nave and can be viewed in connection with the staircase of light. The 14 stylized granite steps are an indication of what happened on the death staircase in the former Mauthausen concentration camp . The memento-mori stone by Hans Egkenfelder also takes on a new meaning here.

The holy water font at the north entrance was made by Hanns Egkenfelder. It is a five-sided basin made of Adnet marble and bears the coats of arms of the founder and his wife Amalia, a soaring panther and oak leaves. The pelvis is carried by an angel's head console.

The baroque statues of St. Donatus, St. Sebastian and St. Florian were purchased in the 1770s and are now located in the area of ​​the organ loft.

Vicarage, cemetery

The baroque rectory is located northwest of the parish church and was probably built around 1700 by the monastery builder Carlo Antonio Carlone . The ceilings are decorated with rich stucco by Giovanni Battista Carlone .

The parish cemetery was right around the parish church until 1901. Some late Baroque and early Biedermeier tombstones and the crypt of the Anton Poschacher family (industrialists, 1812) testify to the former use of the area. The new cemetery is about 500 m north.

Karner

Karner in the former Mauthausen cemetery with the earliest preserved decoration of a sacred space in the Mühlviertel

To the southeast of the church is the charnel house (Karner, Barbarakapelle). This was built in the 13th century and dedicated to St. Barbara, the patroness of the dying. There are no depictions of saints in the chapel, as wooden figures or paintings are probably attached. The chapel now serves as a mortuary . It is a Romanesque rotunda covered by an octagonal pyramid roof. The actual ossuary is located in the basement and is filled with bones.

The fresco on the south side shows St. Christopher with the Christ child on his shoulders, above two colored coats of arms fields with the motto of Emperor Friedrich III. or with the year 148x. In the apse the late Romanesque arched window has been preserved, which is now decorated with a stained glass by Lydia Roppolt from 1981. The interior with a small apse to the east has a late Romanesque cross-ribbed vault . The figural wall paintings determine the effect of the room and represent the earliest surviving decoration of a sacred space in the Mühlviertel. The frescoes were created around 1260 and were exposed again in 1907. They are among the main works of the so-called jagged style or jagged style, which has its roots in Byzantine art. The jagged style was mainly used in book illumination, for example in the painting school of the St. Florian monastery. The themes of the frescoes correspond to the function as Karner.

literature

  • Alfred Hochedlinger: Parish Church of St. Nicholas in Mauthausen. (= Christian art centers in Austria. No. 394). Salzburg 2003.
  • Bundesdenkmalamt Wien (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Oberösterreich. Volume 1. Mühlviertel. Horn / Vienna 2003.
  • Benno Ulm : The Mühlviertel. His works of art, historical forms of life and settlement. Salzburg 1976.

Web links

Commons : Parish Church in Mauthausen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Parish finder  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Parish 4223 queried on November 6, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.dioezese-linz.at  
  2. ^ Parish Mauthausen in the culture atlas Doris - Land Oberösterreich, queried on November 6, 2011 (switch to the map boundaries of the communities and cadastral communities).
  3. ↑ Statistics Austria: Ortverzeichnis Oberösterreich 2001. Vienna 2005, Perg district on p. 205ff PDF requested on November 6, 2011.
  4. ^ The Rieger organ in the parish church of Mauthausen (Upper Austria) ( Memento from August 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Florian Oberchristl: Bells of the Diocese of Linz. Verlag R. Pirngruber, Linz 1941, pp. 333f.

Coordinates: 48 ° 14 '28.7 "  N , 14 ° 31' 2.5"  E