Prochladnaya

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Prochladnaja
Прохладная, Frisching
Data
Water code RU :  01010000212104300010794
location Kaliningrad Oblast ( Russia )
River system Prochladnaya
source in the toe fracture
54 ° 31 ′ 18 ″  N , 20 ° 54 ′ 10 ″  E
Source height 37  m
muzzle in Uschakowo (Brandenburg) in the Fresh Haff Coordinates: 54 ° 36 '54 "  N , 20 ° 14' 38"  E 54 ° 36 '54 "  N , 20 ° 14' 38"  E
Mouth height 0  m
Height difference 37 m
Bottom slope 0.48 ‰
length 77 km
Catchment area 1170 km²
Left tributaries Pokosnaja (Groß Waldecker Mühlenfließ) , Schumnaja, Reswaja (Beisleide) , Kornewka (Stradick)
Right tributaries Strena, Sametnaya
Communities Chekhovo (Uderwangen) , Juschny (Jesau) , Wladimirowo (Tharau) , Swetloje (Kobbelbude) , Uschakowo (Brandenburg)

The Prochladnaja ( Russian Прохладная ; former German name (Der) Frisching ) is a 77 kilometer long tributary of the Fresh Lagoon of the Baltic Sea in the Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia (until 1945 Koenigsberg district of the German province of East Prussia ). The Frisching was the main river of the northern part of the Preussisch Eylau district (today in Russian: Rajon Bagrationowsk ).

The Russian name is the approximate translation of the German name (literally "cool", "fresh").

course

The Prochladnaja rises in the southwestern Zehlaubruch , a more than 30 km² high moor (Russian Osjorski sapowednik , after the northern village Oserki , formerly Groß Lindenau ) and represents its most important drain. It flows in its strongly winding course in a predominantly westerly direction Middle and lower reaches through a fertile landscape called Huntau .

Most of its tributaries can be found on the left: the Pokosnaja ( Waldecker or Groß-Waldecker Mühlenfließ ), the Schumnaja (Rauschen-Graben) , the Reswaja (Beisleide) , the Mühlwasser and the Kornewka (Stradick) with its Maiskaja ( Pasmar) . Only the Strena and the Sametnaja (stamp) flow in from the right side.

The Prokhladnaya first flows after emerging from the Zehlau break in a northwesterly direction and then at the deserted village to turn Good Kammer break to the west. North of the Liebenau desert, it takes up the Pokosnaja (Waldecker Mühlenfließ) as its first small tributary , and after the Frisching desert (after 1945 initially Prochladnoje ) it reaches the first town of Chekhovo (Uderwangen) that still exists today . Below the desert of Trinkheim (Wyssokoje) the Prochladnaja takes up the Schumnaja (Rauschen-Graben) . After the villages of Moddien, Wöterkeim , Fabiansfelde and Lawdt, which also no longer exist, it reaches Newskoje (Groß Lauth) , where the Reswaja (Beisleide) joins. There the direction of flow of the Prochladnaja changes to northwest, which it maintains past Juschny (Jesau) until shortly before Wladimirowo ( Tharau , the birthplace of the " Ännchen von Tharau "). Shortly afterwards it picks up the Mühlwasser from the left and the Strena a little later from the right.

From Maiskoje ( Groß Bajohren , 1938–1946 Baiersfelde ) the river reaches the former area of the Samland district (previously Fischhausen) and flows through it to the west of Swetloje (Kobbelbude) , where it reaches the territory of the former Heiligenbeil district . The Kornewka (Stradick) , which is more than 10 meters wide, flows into the Prochladnaja as the largest tributary near Svetloje . The Kornewka took up the Maiskaja (Pasmar) 4 kilometers earlier (south) at Medowoje (Sollnicken) . The Prochladnaja turns back to the northwest on the last kilometers of its course, takes the Sametnaja (stamp) from the right and flows into the fresh lagoon in the village of Uschakowo (Brandenburg) on its southeast bank. The mouth of the river is protected on both sides by moles several hundred meters long .

The origin of the river is in the northwest of Pravdinsk Rajon . For the greater part of its length of 77 kilometers (according to older data 65 kilometers) the Prokhladnaja flows through the Bagrationovsk Raion, then along the border to Guryevsk Raion , which it crosses in the final kilometers.

Ecology, flora and fauna

According to the Kaliningrad Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (KGZMS) , which maintains a measuring point 0.5 kilometers above the mouth, the river's water is only insignificantly polluted by organic input. In the river, which has always been considered rich in fish, 38 species of fish can be found today, including pike , pikeperch , trout , roach , perch , ruff , bream , bream , rudd , rudd , asp , bleak , mildew , goat , whitefish , burbot , smelt , Brook loach and mud whip . The river banks are overgrown with reeds almost everywhere .

Economic importance and infrastructure

Prochladnaja, which is about 30 meters wide in the lower reaches, is not navigable, but larger boats can also be used. Near the source as well as in the lowlands on the middle and lower reaches it is connected to a multitude of ditches that serve to drain the partly swampy areas. Because of its abundance of fish, it is a popular fishing spot.

The river is crossed by the railway lines from Kaliningrad to the Polish border at Mamonowo ( Heiligenbeil , former Prussian Eastern Railway ; at Swetloje) and Bagrationowsk ( Prussian Eylau ; former East Prussian Southern Railway ; at Wladimirowo). At Chekhovo the regional road A 196 Kaliningrad - Prawdinsk (Friedland)  - Schelesnodoroschny (Gerdauen)  - Krylowo (Nordenburg) crosses the river, at Newskoje the A 195 from Kaliningrad to the Polish border at Bagrationovsk, at Swetloje the R 516 (formerly unfinished Reichsautobahn Berlin –Königsberg ) and near the mouth in Uschakowo the A 194 Kaliningrad - Laduschkin (Ludwigsort)  - Mamonowo - Polish border (former Reichsstraße 1 ).

Only remnants of several bridges that existed before 1945 can be found, for example south of Vladimirovo and Ushakovo.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Prochladnaja in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
  2. ↑ Measuring table sheets 1387 Brandenburg , 1487 Pörschken , 1488 Mahnsfeld , 1489 Tharau , 1490 Uderwangen , 1491 Grünbaum
  3. ↑ Soviet topographic maps 1: 100,000, sheets N-34-53, N-34-54
  4. ^ A b Georg Hermanowski : Ostpreußen-Lexikon . Kraft, Mannheim 1980, ISBN 3-8083-1162-2 (based on sources before 1945).
  5. ↑ Sofʹja Zaostrecova: Ėkologo-faunističeskij analiz parazitofauny ryb Vislinskogo zaliva, rek Pregoli i Prochladnoj . State Technical University, Kaliningrad 2007 ( Ecological and faunistic analysis of the parasitic fauna of the fish of the Vistula Bay, the Pregel and Prochladnaja rivers ; Russian).