34 e régiment d'infantry
|
Régiment de Savoie-Carignan |
|
|---|---|
 Badge of 34 e régiment d'infantry |
|
| active | 1775 to 1997 |
| Country |
  France
|
| Armed forces |
french army
|
| Armed forces | infantry |
| Type | regiment |
| Location | Mont-de-Marsan |
| Patron saint | Saint-Maurice d'Agaune |
| motto |
En avant (forward) |
The 34 e régiment d'infanterie ( 34 e RI ) was an association of the French infantry of the Ancien Régime . The regiment distinguished itself in the Revolutionary Wars , in the battles of the First German Empire , in the First World War and also in the Second World War . It no longer exists today.
Before regiment numbering was introduced on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment d'Angoulême in the royal French army .
Lineup and significant changes
- April 26, 1775: Formation as Régiment de Savoie-Carignan by surrendering the 2nd and 4th battalions of the Régiment de Touraine
- 1785: By royal order of November 12th, the regiment was transferred to Louis-Antoine de Bourbon, duc d'Angoulême , whose mother was a princess of Savoy.
- 1791: renamed 34 e régiment d'infanterie
- 1793: First army reform . The regiment was than 1 he bataillon "ex Angoulême 'to 67 e demi-brigade de Bataille and 2 e bataillon" ex Angoulême' to 68 e demi-brigade de Bataille off. This ended the regimental association and the line of tradition.
- 1803: Renaming of the "34 e demi-brigade d'infanterie de ligne" to 34 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (de facto continuation of the regiment tradition)
- 1815: The Napoleonic army was disbanded. The regiment was renamed “Legion départementale de l'Indre n ° 34”.
- October 1820: renamed “34 e régiment d'infanterie” in Lille
- 1870: destroyed in battle
- 1871: Re-erection with the help of the survivors and stationed in Bayonne
- 1876: Relocation to Mont-de-Marsan, where it was to remain until 1914
- 1921: Dissolution, the tradition was carried on by the 18th e régiment d'infanterie .
- 1939: Reinstallation and relocation to the Bas-Rhin sector of the Maginot Line
- June 21, 1940: The 1st Battalion fell into the general withdrawal of the army and laid down its arms on June 24.
- July 19140: In the course of the French surrender, the regiment was disbanded.
- 1945: First reorganized in Le Verdon-sur-Mer , but it was disbanded in the same year.
- 1978: Re-establishment as 34 e régiment d'infanterie (reserve regiment )
- November 29, 1997: dissolution
Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade
Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, "Chef de brigade" from 1793 to 1803.
After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.
Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.
- April 26, 1775: Jean-Jacques des Combaux de La Motte, comte de Troussebois-Baillard (Mestre de camp en second)
- March 10, 1788: Jean-Louis de Raffin (Colonel en second)
- April 23, 1789: Armand-Sigismond-Félicité-Marie, comte de Serent (Colonel en second)
- October 21, 1791: Simon-François de Bisson
- November 23, 1791: Louis-Antoine Choin de Montchoisy
- May 27, 1792: François-Jean Legrand
[...]
- 1804: Colonel Pierre Dumoustier
- 1806: Colonel Charles-François Remond , known as Remonda
- 1830: Colonel Louis Marie Charles Hurault de Sorbée
- 1888 to 1892: Colonel Jean Edmond Dessirier
- December 24, 1907 to September 21, 1911: Colonel Noël Jean-Baptiste Henri Alphonse Dumas
- March 27, 1913 to September 13, 1914: Colonel François Henri Robert Jules Capdepont
- 1914: Colonel Olive
- 1915: Colonel Gladel
- 1915: Colonel Leduc
- 1916: Colonel Meurisse
- 1919: Colonel de Troyat
- 1919 to 1921: Colonel Wallon
- 1939 to 1940: Lieutenant-Colonel Brocard
- 1945: Lieutenant-Colonel Dussarat
- 1945: Lieutenant-Colonel Baril
- 1978: Colonel Lafenêtre
- 1982: Colonel Mule
- 1986: Colonel Bonifacj
- 1989: Colonel Garner
- 1992 to 1994: Colonel Tauzin
- 1994 to 1996: Colonel Ferrier
- 1996 to 1997:?
Equipment of the royal army
Ordinance flags
Régiment de Savoie-Carignan 1775 to 1785
Régiment d'Angoulême 1785 to 1791
1st Battalion 1791 to 1793
2nd Battalion 1791 to 1793
Uniform until 1795
Régiment de Savoie-Carignan de 1775 to 1779
1779 to 1785
Régiment d'Angoulême 1785 to 1791
Grenadier of the 34 e régiment d'infantry de ligne 1791-1795
Mission history
Ancien Régime
In November 1776 the regiment left its first garrison at Castelnaudary and moved to Maubeuge . It then moved on and lay in Granville (Manche) , Pontorson and Avranches from May to November 1779 , and the following winter in Aire-sur-la-Lys and Montreuil (Pas-de-Calais) .
A detachement of 400 men was sent to North America in 1779 and took part in the American War of Independence . It returned to France in 1783.
In May 1780 the regiment was stationed in Abbeville and moved to Douai in October of the same year . In October 1781 it was in Dunkirk, in October 1783 in Saint-Jean-d'Angély and in Rochefort , in July 1784 in Arras and in November 1785 in Aire. "Angoulême" was in Saint-Omer in September 1786, in Cambrai in March 1788, in Saint-Omer in September of the same year, in May 1789 in Caen. The regiment then stayed in Lower Normandy until it was split up in April 1792 and the two battalions were used separately to protect the threatened national borders. The 1st Battalion initially successfully occupied Metz and Saarlouis and was then assigned to the Longwy fortress garrison . Longwy was the first heavily fortified town on the route of the Prussian troops to the interior of France. Under pressure from the population, the fortress surrendered to the Duke of Braunschweig's troops on August 22, 1792 without a fight .
The battalion was then accused by patriots of showing solidarity with the citizens who had asked the commandant to open the gates.
Though it was just a bad rumor, popular anger was convinced that the battalion had committed treason by opening the gates to the Duke of Brunswick and swearing never to take up arms against the King of Prussia. For the next two years the unfortunate battalion was showered with disgrace and disgrace; no one wanted it in garrison anywhere, neither in Verdun nor in Thionville. The 2nd Battalion also looked down on them contemptuously. Finally, it was difficult to find accommodation in Saint-Malo. Nonetheless, the appointed court martial was unable to accuse the battalion of anything negative in an investigation into what was going on in Longwy.
- Use in Martinique
After the Régiment de Martinique and the "Régiment de Guadeloupe" mutinied on the island in September 1790 , the 2nd battalions of the "Régiment d'Angoulême", the Régiment d'Aunis and the Régiment du Rouergue in were on January 28, 1791 Brest and the Régiment de Poitou in Nantes embarked for Guadeloupe to fight the rebellion. "Angoulême", the "Régiment de Poitou" and the "Régiment du Rouergue" refused to fight the mutineers and were returned to France.
The history of the regiment finally ended in 1795, when the 1st battalion of the 58 e demi-brigade d'infanterie was integrated in the procession of the second amalgamation and then became the 58 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne in 1803 . The 2nd battalion was incorporated into the 15 e demi-brigade d'infanterie and renamed the 15 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne in 1803 .
In 1803 a new regiment with the number 34 was set up from the "85 e demi-brigade d'infanterie", the "125 e demi-brigade d'infanterie" and the "148 e demi-brigade d'infanterie".
- Operations in the coalition wars
- 1805: Battle of Austerlitz
- 1806: Campaigns in Prussia and Poland, battle near Saalfeld , battle near Jena and Auerstedt
- 1813: Battles in the Pyrenees, Siege of San Sebastián
- 1814: Battle of Orthez , fighting in France
- 1815: Battles on the Rhine, disbanded after Napoleon's abdication and re-established as Légion des Vosges
restoration
The following changes occurred during the restoration :
- 1820: Renamed 34 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
- 1823 to 1828: French invasion of Spain , deployment in Spain
- 1830: By order of September 30th, a fourth battalion was set up, increasing the strength of the crew to 3,000.
Sardinian war
- 1859 : Battle of Solferino
Franco-German War
- August 31, 1870 : Battle at Bazeilles
- November 24, 1870 : 2 companies of the regiment formed the "44 e régiment de marche" (44th marching regiment ) and were involved in the battles at Chilleurs, Ladon, Boiscommun , Neuville-aux-Bois and Maizières.
- January 9, 1871 : The two companies fought in the Battle of Villersexel.
First World War
When the war began, the regiment was stationed in Mont-de-Marsan. Until the end of the fighting it belonged to the 71st Infantry Brigade in the 36th Infantry Division in the 18th Army Corps.
- 1914
- August 24th: Fighting near Charleroi
- August 29th: Fight at Guise
- First battle of the Marne
- September to December: Trench warfare on the Aisne - near Craonne and Craonnelle
- 1915
- Trench warfare on the Aisne - Chemin des Dames , Hurtebise
- 1916
- May: Battle of Verdun , in the Vaux-Chapitre forest, in the Caillette forest, in the Fumin forest and at Fort Douaumont
- June to August: fighting on the Marne
- Battle of the Somme
- 1917
- Fight at the Chemin des Dames
- 1918
- Fight in Picardy , Verdun and the Chemin des Dames
Interwar period
1921: The regiment was disbanded.
Second World War
In 1939 the unit was designated as the fortress infantry regiment “Reserve A RIF type Bas-Rhin; Center Mobilisateur (CMI n ° 201) ”was set up again and assigned to the Niederrhein fortress section in the Erstein sector . The regiment belonged to the 103rd Fortress Infantry Division (163 e division d'infanterie de forteresse - DIF). It initially consisted of two battalions, then only two companies (the 5th and the 6th).
On June 24, 1940, they laid down their arms - in July the regiment was disbanded.
In 1945 it was re-erected in Verdun and took part in the fighting at Pointe de Grave in March. In return, the regiment was awarded the Croix de guerre with a silver star for an honorable mention in the division command.
On April 2, 1945, the Chef de bataillon Baril received the regimental flag from Minister of War Diethelm in the presence of Général de Gaulle on the Place de la Concorde in Paris . In the same year the regiment was disbanded.
In 1978 it was re-established as a reserve regiment. It was finally dissolved on November 29, 1997.
Regimental flag
On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.
Front of the last regimental flag to be used
Reverse of the regimental flag that was last used
Awards
The flag ribbon is with the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with four palm branches for four times honorable mention in the army report:
- Ferme d'Hurtebise (1915)
- Plateau de Californie (1917)
- Assainvilliers and Verneuil (1918)
and the Croix de guerre 1939–1945 decorated with a silver star and the gold medal of the city of Milan.
Members of the regiment have the right to Fourragère the Médaille militaire to wear.
Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with four palm branches for four honorable mentions in the army report
Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with a silver star for an honorable mention in the divisional report
Gold medal from the City of Milan for taking part in the Battle of Solferino
Fourragère of the Médaille militaire
Association badge
The regiment's badge shows the white cross in a red field as the coat of arms of the House of Savoy. On the crossbar of the cross is the number 1775 as the date on which the unit was erected.
literature
- Archives militaires du Château de Vincennes.
- Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
Footnotes
- ↑ German: 34th Infantry Regiment
- ↑ which had nothing to do with the former 34 e regiment d'infanterie
- ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 3. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris / Limoges 1893–1902, p. 461 ( digitized on Gallica ).
- ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 5. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris / Limoges 1902, p. 151 ( digitized on Gallica).
- ↑ « Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007 »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
- ↑ " Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
- ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
Web links
- Amicale du 34 e Régiment d'Infanterie website
- General Louis Susane: Regiments de Touraine et d'Angoulême. Historique. In: Ancestramil (PDF; 234 kB)
- Lucien Mouillard: Planche d'infanterie française. Les Régiments sous Louis XV. Praetiriti Fides website , Exemplumque Futuri (PFEF; p. 18 e Touraine )
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