Maur
| Maur | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| State : |
 Switzerland
|
| Canton : |
 Zurich (ZH)
|
| District : | Uster |
| BFS no. : | 0195 |
| Postal code : | 8122 Binz 8123 Ebmatingen 8124 Maur 8127 Forch |
| UN / LOCODE : | CH FCH (Forch) |
| Coordinates : | 693095 Price / 244184 |
| Height : | 478 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 435–782 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 14.77 km² |
| Residents: | 10,215 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 692 inhabitants per km² |
|
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
20.7% (December 31, 2018) |
| Mayor : | Roland Humm ( SVP ) |
| Website: | www.maur.ch |
 Schifflände Maur, view from Greifensee |
|
| Location of the municipality | |
  |
|
Maur is a municipality and a village in the district of Uster in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland . The name Maur is pronounced "Muur" in Swiss German .
geography
The municipality extends from the western bank of the Greifensee to the top of the Pfannenstiel chain with Pfannenstiel ( 852 m above sea level ) and Wassberg ( 728 m above sea level ), which is almost 300 meters above the lake. The protected shore of the Greifensee is unobstructed, which contributes to the rural appearance of the community despite its proximity to the city of Zurich .
The hilly municipal area is covered by about a quarter of forests and about half of fields and pastures. The majority of the villages are dominated by single-family houses, which are increasingly disappearing into the green of trees and bushes. Both the lake with the ship landing station ("Schifflände") and bathing establishment as well as the Pfannenstiel are popular hiking and excursion destinations.
The shore of the Greifensee is flat. The alluvial plain is widest at Maur and tapers significantly to the north. The slope that connects to the plain is almost entirely wooded. This is followed by flatter parts on which the villages and fields "on the mountain" (Binz, Ebmatingen and Aesch) spread out. The pan handle is flat above and mostly wooded. The creeks that drain to the Greifensee, such as the Dorfbach and the Aschbach, carry very little water.
history
Early days
More than 4000 years old pile dwellings on Greifensee are the oldest evidence of human life in the community. Burial mounds in the woods north of Maur prove that the area was also inhabited during the Hallstatt period. In Roman times there was a manor in Maur, from the remains of which the name of the community is derived. Traces of Roman walls have been discovered under the church .
The royal court
The first church was built around 700 (one of the oldest in the canton of Zurich). Several graves from this era have also been discovered: a burial ground near Aesch and several graves under today's church. At that time Maur was a royal court, a local administration and management center that belonged to the main courtyard in Zurich. Maur was first mentioned in writing in the second half of the 9th century in the large Rotulus of the Grossmünster in Zurich, which listed his property subject to tax at the beginning of the 9th century. When Ludwig the Pious founded the Fraumünster Abbey in Zurich , the court at Maur received a new landlady around 830, but this soon led to disputes. As stated in the large rotulus, an arbitration ruling by the Bishop of Constance from 946 confirmed that the court of Maur, Ebmatingen and Binz had to pay their taxes to the Grossmünster.
The Meieramt
The Fraumünster Abbey then appointed a Meier who not only took care of the management of the court, but also exercised the lower jurisdiction. In addition, he was entitled to the right of the first night , guaranteed in writing in the opening of 1543 , according to which he was allowed to spend the wedding night with every bride in the community. This right is otherwise only available in the opening for Hirslanden and Stadelhofen in the entire German-speaking area . Historians do not believe, however, that Meier actually made use of this ius primae noctis . Because the groom could also pay him a replacement, and they interpret this less as a replacement for the lost pleasure, but more as compensation for the dishes, wood and pork that the Meier and his wife had to contribute to the wedding feast.
Meier von Maur was soon counted among the citizens and later even among the knights (nobles) of the city of Zurich. The Meier had his seat at Maur Castle , which at that time was probably a simple residential tower.
Jurisdiction Maur
At the beginning of the 14th century, the monastic office of the Meier was replaced by the jurisdiction of Maur within the rule of Greifensee . The bailiwick of Ebmatingen, on the other hand, had been in the hands of the senior mayor of the city of Zurich since the Old Zurich War . The judge also presided over the community meeting and thus assumed a leading role. The jurisdiction of Maur belonged to the Aeppli family from 1424 to 1629/52 and, after several families in Zurich, to the famous copper engraver David Herrliberger from 1749 to 1775 . The latter is said to have only bought the rulership to improve his reputation. As a judge he is said to have been less successful and to have had various disputes with villagers and the pastor. In 1775 he sold the jurisdiction to Heinrich Zollinger, a farmer from Uessikon. He was primarily interested in the land and sold the judicial rights to the city of Zurich. Maur became part of the city republic of Zurich .
At that time Maur had a tavern , two mills on the Dorfbach , a bathing room and from 1604 a butcher's shop. The current church dates from the 16th century. Further mills were built in Uessikon in the 16th century and for a short time in Aesch in the 19th century. The local museum is now housed in the old Maur mill. There has been a permanent school in Maur since 1628. Less than twenty years later, a school was founded in Aesch, which was also attended by Ebmating children until 1660. Uessikon received an official and permanent school only in 1772. In 1729 Maur got his own school building, in 1781 the second school building of the community was built in Uessikon. In 1772 only around a third of schoolboys could read correctly - arithmetic was not taught.
Political community of Maur
In 1798 Maur became a political municipality as part of the Helvetic Republic . Local resp. Civil parishes in the individual villages existed for over 100 years. The community leader was a subordinate elected by the Zurich council .
coat of arms
- Divided by black and a grooved, tinned silver wall.
The coat of arms of the municipality and the village of Maur goes back to the seal of the Meier from 1363. The coats of arms of the districts of Aesch, Binz, Ebmatingen and Uessikon also exist.
population
Only 2134 people live in the village of Maur (2018, including Uessikon). The entire municipality has had over 10,000 inhabitants since 2016 (10215 as of December 31, 2018). The municipality with an area of 14.8 km² includes the localities and former civil parishes of Uessikon (fewer than 100 inhabitants), Binz (2137 inhabitants), Ebmatingen (2762 inhabitants) and Aesch (3171 inhabitants) on the Forch (all figures from the year 2018).
| Population development | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1798 | 1836 | 1910 | 1950 | 1970 | 1990 | 2001 | 2009 | 2010 | 2018 |
| Residents | 1623 | 2133 | 1421 | 1577 | 3943 | 6979 | 9061 | 9261 | 9517 | 10204 |
50.58% of the population are women, 18% are foreigners (2009). Membership in denominations is distributed as follows: 35% Reformed, 23% Catholic and 41% without a denomination or unknown (2018).
politics
National elections
In the 2019 National Council elections, the share of the vote in Maur was: SVP 31.8%, FDP 19.9%, glp 16.0%, SP 10.8%, Greens 9.4%, CVP 4.4%, EVP 2.5 %, BDP 2.4%, EDU 1.2%.
Cantonal elections
In the cantonal elections on April 3, 2011, the SVP achieved 35%, the FDP 17%, the glp 15%, the SP 12% and the Greens and the BDP each with 5% of the votes in the municipality of Maur .
In the cantonal elections on April 13, 2015, the SVP achieved 36%, the FDP 26.3%, the SP 12.7%, the glp 7.6%, the CVP 4.1%, the Greens 3, 6% and the BDP 3.9% of the vote. The other parties received the following percentages: EVP 2.2%, EDU 2.0%, AL 0.7% and SD 0%.
In the cantonal elections on March 24, 2019, the SVP achieved 28.91%, the FDP 23.77%, the glp 13.88%, the SP 13.11%, the Greens 7.61% and the CVP in the municipality of Maur 4.65% and the BDP 2.31% of the vote. The other parties received the following percentages: EVP 2.34%, EDU 2.12% and AL 1.29%.
Municipal council
| Members of the Maurmer Municipal Council (2018-2022) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Taking office | function | Political party |
| Roland Humm | 1998/2014 | Mayor, real estate | SVP |
| Delia Lüthi | 2006 | 1st Vice President, Society | FDP |
| Felix Senn | 2010 | 2nd Vice President, Security | SP |
| Urs Rechsteiner | 2014 | Building construction | CVP |
| Yves Keller | 2018 | Finances | FDP |
| Stephan Oehen | 2018 | education | FDP |
| Catherine Gerwig | 2018 | Civil engineering | SVP |
Parish parts
The municipality of Maur consists of various villages, of which Maur is the smallest, and a few hamlets.
Aesch / Forch
Aesch lies on a terrace on the east side of the Forch , the transition from Lake Zurich to the Zurich Oberland . Scheuren also belongs to the district . Today the name Forch is mostly used for the former civil parish of Aesch, which includes Aesch and Scheuren.
Aesch used to be a small village, but has developed into the largest part of the municipality due to the better transport connections. Thanks to Forchstrasse and Forchbahn , the city of Zurich can be reached quickly. From the 1960s onwards, many single-family houses were built in Aesch. The infrastructure could not keep up with this development. Although the community built new schools and a retirement home, there is a lack of a central meeting place and attractive shops.
Binz
Binz is located in the northwesternmost corner of the municipality, only a few kilometers from Zurich's city limits. In the 1990s, there was a lot of construction in Binz, so that the number of inhabitants doubled. There is a kindergarten and a primary school in Binz. From the 4th grade the children go to school in Ebmatingen.
Ebmatingen
Ebmatingen is the second largest district. Like Aesch and Binz, it is on the mountain on a terrace on the slope. The only larger shop in the community and the Catholic church are located here.
Maur
With a reformed church and municipal administration, the village of Maur am See is the center of the municipality, even if less than a quarter of the inhabitants live here.
Uessikon
Uessikon (spoken: Üessikon) is a hamlet at the southern end of the Greifensee, which lost many inhabitants in the 20th century.
Guldenen nature reserve
The new nature reserve of Hinter Guldenen on the border area Küsnacht / Egg and Maur also belongs to Maur. 60,000 square meters of ponds, ditches and wet meadows were created.
Yards
Various other small collections of houses and courtyards can be found scattered across the municipality. The most important hamlets are Neuhaus on the border with Egg on Forchstrasse, Wannwis on the road between Maur and Egg, Stuelen between Ebmatingen and the Greifensee, and Neugut and Bachlen above Uessikon.
economy
The community was cut off from major traffic routes for a long time. No industry could gain a foothold in the community without a railway and without water-rich streams . Agriculture is still an important employer today, along with a few small service and craft businesses. Four fifths of the working population earn their livelihood outside the community, mostly in the city of Zurich and in the surrounding areas. The number of commuters who live in Maur and work away from home is twice as large as the total number of people who work in Maur.
Almost all of the major Swiss musicians and many international bands produced and recorded records and CDs in the Powerplay studio in Maur, including the Bee Gees , Europe (including the song The Final Countdown ), Lady Gaga , Lenny Kravitz , Prince , Snoop Dogg , Udo Jürgens and Wu-Tang Clan .
traffic
The Forchbahn connects Aesch / Scheuren with the city of Zurich in 20 minutes. Buses run from Maur via Ebmatingen to Zurich-Klusplatz and via Fällanden to Stettbach train station . During the rush hour there is also a bus from Scheuren via Aesch and Ebmatingen to Stettbach. There is a boat connection from Maur to Niederuster . Uessikon is not connected to public transport.
Since autumn 2003, large parts of the community have been affected by aircraft noise from the approaches to Zurich Airport . Citizens' organizations such as the association Flugschneise Süd - NO and the municipal authorities are fighting against aircraft noise.
Attractions
- Maur Castle with the David Herrliberger collection
- Mill with local museum and sawmill - the sawmill is functional, but is supported by an electric motor during demonstrations (since the mill pond is under nature protection, it cannot be drained as required for sawing; there is enough water for the waterwheel, but not for sawing).
- Reformed Church Maur
- Forchdenkmal
Personalities
- Erhard Fappani (1936–1999), painter
- Vroni König-Salmi (* 1969), orienteer
- Werner Kuhn (1899–1963), physical chemist and university professor
- Ludwig A. Minelli (* 1932), lawyer
- Emanuel Plattner (* 1935), racing cyclist
literature
- Culture commission and council of the municipality of Maur (ed.): Burg Maur. Maur 1976. (Festschrift for the inauguration of the renovated castle)
- Hans Martin Gubler: The art monuments of the canton of Zurich. Volume 3: The districts of Pfäffikon and Uster. (Art Monuments of Switzerland, Volume 66). Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1978, ISBN 3-7643-0991-1 , pp. 619-652.
- Felix Aeppli: History of the community of Maur. Maur 1979.
- Hans Martin Gubler: Maur ZH. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 455). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1989, ISBN 3-85782-455-7 .
Web links
- Official website of the municipality of Maur
- Statistical data from the canton on the municipality of Maur
- Local museum
- Felix Aeppli: Maur. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Data on the resident population by home, gender and age (community profile). Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Felix Aeppli: History of the community of Maur . Municipality of Maur, Maur 1979.
- ↑ Jörg Wettlaufer: The gentlemen's right of the first night: marriage, rule and marriage interest in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-593-36308-9 , pp. 251ff.
- ↑ Joh.Henrici Waseri de vita sua. ( Memento from July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Maur in numbers. In: Municipality of Maur. Retrieved August 7, 2019 .
- ^ From the negotiations of the Maur municipal council . In: Maurmer Post . No. 4 , 2010, p. 18 .
- ↑ Elections 2019. Accessed August 1, 2020 .
- ↑ Party strengths in the 2011 cantonal elections ( memento of July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 14, 2012.
- ↑ Party strengths in the 2015 cantonal elections, accessed on September 6, 2016.
- ↑ Cantonal election 2019. Accessed on July 5, 2019 .
- ↑ 5 villages - 1 municipality. In: Municipality of Maur. Retrieved August 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Daily indicator
- ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg Germany: Europe singer Joey Tempest: "The Final Countdown" - the eternal New Year's Eve fanfare - SPIEGEL ONLINE - one day. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved January 2, 2017 .
- ↑ Christoph Brunner: 30 years of hit sound at Greifensee. In: Swiss radio and television. September 19, 2013, accessed January 2, 2017 .
- ↑ References. (No longer available online.) In: Powerplay Studios. Archived from the original on January 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 2, 2017 .