Elm (Schluechtern)

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Elm
City of Schlüchtern
Coordinates: 50 ° 21 ′ 37 ″  N , 9 ° 33 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 229 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 1210  (December 31, 2015)
Incorporation : 1st December 1969
Postal code : 36381
Area code : 06661
Elms village center with a view of the Protestant church
Elms village center with a view of the Protestant church

Elm is a district of Schlüchtern in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district . The hamlet of Habertshof and Brandenstein Castle belong to Elm .

geography

Geographical location

Elm lies at an altitude of 229 m above sea ​​level , in the northeast of the Main-Kinzig district, on the border with the Fulda district , in the Bergwinkel , on the southern slope of the ridge . The Elm district is located in the "Hessischer Spessart" nature park , which borders the "Hessische Rhön" nature reserve in the north of the district . The distance to downtown Schlüchtern is about 2.5 km.

Waters

The Elmbach , which rises in Hutten and flows into the Kinzig in Schlüchtern , and the Schwarzbach , which has its source in Gundhelm and flows into the Elmbach , flow through Elm .

In the western part of the village, the lower mill was located on a ditch that was derived from the Schwarzbach and flowing into the Elmbach, and the upper mill was located in the northern part of the town on a ditch that was derived from the Elmbach.

Neighboring places

Elm borders on Rückers in the north, Hutten in the east, Gundhelm in the southeast , Vollmerz and Herolz in the south, Schlüchtern in the west and Klosterhöfe in the north-west .

history

Territorial history

The oldest surviving documentary mention of the place comes from the year 795, when on June 8th, Araho handed over all his property in the village to the Fulda monastery . On July 14th of the same year Raho donated his property at Bifang an der Elm and on July 14th 796 Folco gave his property to the Fulda monastery. The town's church - first mentioned in 1167 - belonged to Schlüchtern Monastery , a branch of Fulda Monastery. From the 14th century onwards, the Lords of Hanau succeeded in integrating the Schlüchtern monastery and its property into their domain. Here Elm was assigned to the Brandenstein office. The county of Hanau-Münzenberg was reformed during the Reformation , as was the community in Elm. In 1602 the church there belongs together with Breitenbach to the parish of Kressenbach .

In 1717 the Office of Brandenstein von Hanau was pledged to the Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel for a loan of 100,000 guilders . Since the pledge was never released and after the death of Count Johann Reinhard III. von Hanau In 1736, Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg and with it the office of Brandenstein and Elm, the place remained at Hessen-Kassel. In 1803 the Landgraviate was elevated to the status of the Electorate of Hesse . During the Napoleonic era, the Brandenstein office - and thus Elm as well - was under French military administration from 1806, belonged to the Principality of Hanau from 1807 to 1810 and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. After the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821, during which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the Brandenstein office was absorbed into the newly formed Schlüchtern district . Since December 1, 1969, Elm has been part of the town of Schlüchtern

Historical forms of names

In documents that have been received, Elm was mentioned under the following names (the year it was mentioned in brackets):

  • Elmaha (795)
  • Elma (1303)
  • Elmna (1344)

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1587: 32 shooters, 30 philistines
• 1633: 80 households
• 1812: 73 fireplaces, 791 souls
Elm: Population from 1812 to 2015
year     Residents
1812
  
 791
1834
  
 772
1840
  
 746
1846
  
 721
1852
  
 663
1858
  
 637
1864
  
 638
1871
  
 880
1875
  
 884
1885
  
 910
1895
  
 910
1905
  
 1,061
1910
  
 1,334
1925
  
 1,211
1939
  
 1,203
1946
  
 1,712
1950
  
 1,702
1956
  
 1,391
1961
  
 1,299
1967
  
 1,181
1970
  
 1,151
2005
  
 1,342
2010
  
 1,283
2015
  
 1,210
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2015:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 854 Protestant (= 93.85%), 51 Catholic (= 5.60%), 5 Jewish (= 0.55%) residents
• 1961: 1111 Protestant (= 85.53%), 151 Catholic (= 11.62%) residents

railroad

Before the construction of the thistle lawn tunnel on the watershed of the Main and Weser, the village was of considerable importance in rail traffic. The construction of the Frankfurt-Bebra railway began in 1863 under the direction of the electoral state , but only really got going after it was taken over by Prussia . The Kingdom of Prussia was able to open the line to Hanau as early as 1868 .

With the technical means available at the time, an approximately four-kilometer-long tunnel through the thistle lawn appeared to be too complex and expensive for the new route. The ridge between Fulda and Schlüchtern was therefore overcome with a hairpin . The station required for re-spanning the locomotives and changing the direction of travel was built in Elm, which resulted in an almost tenfold increase in its population. Elm thus became a "railway town".

1872 joined the head of the former head station , the railway line to Elm Gemünden on.

Since all through trains between Frankfurt / Hanau and Fulda / Berlin had to change direction in Elm, this process became more and more unsatisfactory with increasing traffic. Since the technology of building long tunnels had also improved considerably , in particular due to the dynamite that was now available , it was decided to create a tunnel under the thistle lawn. Construction began in 1909, was completed on February 14, 1914, and inaugurated on May 1, 1914.

With the opening of the tunnel, Elm railway station suddenly lost its importance in passenger traffic. The marshalling yard continued to employ many people even after the loss of passenger traffic. Many residents of the village still work for Deutsche Bahn AG today .

Plane crash

On August 24, 1929, a Lufthansa passenger plane crashed in the forest between Elm and Hutten on a scheduled flight from Frankfurt am Main to Berlin-Tempelhof . The pilot and three other passengers were killed. An approx. 2 meter high cross at the crash site still reminds of the crash.

religion

Evangelical parish

There is a Protestant church in the village , which was built in 1897/98 with the help of Gustav Schönermark .

Ecumenical Way of St. James

The 125 km Ecumenical Way of St. James leads via Elm from Fulda to the Main. The route leads from Flieden to Rückers up to the Steinkammer and the Breite Feld over the Habertshof and down the thistle lawn to Schlüchtern. The pilgrimage route is part of the connection system of the Via Regia , whose network of routes led from Ukraine to Spain.

politics

In the town council are SPD and the CDU represented. In the local elections in 2006, the SPD obtained the majority of votes with five seats compared to the CDU with four seats and thus has a majority in the local advisory board. Inge Vey (SPD) is the head of the village.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Brandenstein Castle

Brandenstein Castle is located in the Elm district, a high medieval castle about four kilometers east of the city center of Schlüchtern.

Habertshof

A largely unknown place of remembrance today is the Habertshof , a center of the Christian-religious Neuwerk movement after the First World War .

memorial

Memorial cross on the vineyard

An approximately eight meter high cross stands on a higher level of the vineyard near Elm. It is a memorial for the displaced and commemorates the former German eastern territories and the Sudetenland, as well as the dead who remained there. The cross originally erected there was inaugurated on Pentecost Sunday, June 1, 1952, but had to be dismantled in autumn 2008 due to severe weathering. The " Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft , Kreisgruppe Schlüchtern" provided a replica which, like the original, is labeled: "Our dead in the old homeland" and was set up on October 10, 2008.

Hans Dorn garden

Landscape architect Hans Dorn has created an artful garden on over 4000 m² in the center of the village. The garden is open to the general public for special events, such as exhibitions by selected artists.

societies

The "railway workers' village" Elm is known for its lively club activities. Not only the Eisenbahner Sportverein, but above all the Eisenbahner Musikverein Elm , founded in 1908, is part of village life.

Regular events

The so-called "Elmer Culture Week" takes place with great success at not fixed intervals.

Economy and Infrastructure

education

traffic

Street

The state road 3329 leads through the village. The next accessible motorway is the federal motorway 66 .

Rail transport

The Elm train station - very important before the construction of the Schlüchtern tunnel - became increasingly less important after this shortcut was built. Since the summer timetable of 1966 there has been no passenger traffic there; in freight traffic it still has a function as a depot . The next train stations with passenger traffic are Schlüchtern and Sterbfritz . East of the train station, Germany's narrowest railway curve is on a main line with a radius of 260 meters.

Personalities

literature

  • Carlotto Asmus, Rolf Jirowetz: Railway triangle "Thistle lawn ". Merker, Fürstenfeldbruck 1982, ISBN 3-922404-00-6 .
  • Emil Blum: The Habertshof. Becoming and shaping a folk high school. Neuwerk-Verlag, Kassel 1930.
  • Gustav Hildebrand : Memorial cross in Schlüchtern-Elm to the dead in their old homeland. In: Bergwinkel-Bote. Vol. 52, 2001, ZDB -ID 539060-6 , pp. 157-158.
  • Willi Klein: On the history of milling in the Main-Kinzig district (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter . Vol. 40). Self-published by the Hanau History Association and the Wetterau Society for the Total Natural History in Hanau, Hanau 2003, ISBN 3-935395-02-7 , pp. 171–173.
  • Matthias Nistahl: Studies on the history of the Schlüchtern monastery in the Middle Ages (= sources and research on Hessian history. Vol. 65). Hessische Historische Kommission et al., Darmstadt et al. 1986, ISBN 3-88443-154-4 , pp. 158–159, 165–167, (at the same time: Marburg, Universität, Dissertation, 1984).
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local lexicon for Kurhessen (= publications of the historical commission for Hesse and Waldeck. Vol. 14, ISSN  0342-2291 ). Elwert, Marburg 1926, p. 116.
  • Hans-Jürgen Schwarz (Ed.): Elmer Chronik. The historical, sociological and statistical development of the Elm district. 3 parts. sn, Schlüchtern-Elm 1983-1985;
    • Part 1: 100 years of the Elm men's choir. 1883-1983. Holidays from 12th to 15th August 1983. 1983;
    • Part 2: 75 years of the Elm Railway Music Association. 1908-1983. Holidays from June 29 to July 2, 1984. 1984;
    • Part 3: Festschrift Chronik Elm. 1985.
  • Bernd Ullrich: The Schlüchtern plan. The first practical attempt to rehabilitate an overcrowded district in 1949. In: District Committee of the Main-Kinzig District, Office for Culture and Sport. Center for regional history. Newsletter. Vol. 31, special issue, 2006, ISSN  2190-6041 , pp. 52-64.
  • Literature about Elm in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Number of inhabitants 2015 districts. (PDF; 83 kB) In: Internet presence. City of Schlüchtern, archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Elm, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of April 17, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ↑ Population 2005 districts. (PDF; 83 kB) In: Internet presence. City of Schlüchtern, archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  4. ↑ Number of inhabitants 2010 districts. (PDF; 83 kB) In: Internet presence. City of Schlüchtern, archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  5. ↑ Christoph Käppeler: Death in Elmer Loch - 75 years ago. June 12, 2004.
  6. ↑ Brandenstein Castle
  7. ↑ The Railway Construction and Operating Regulations stipulate minimum radii of 300 m for main lines and 180 m for secondary lines in Section 6 (1).