Sergei Leonidowitsch Magnitsky

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Sergei Magnitsky

Sergei Leonidowitsch Magnitski ( Russian Сергей Леонидович Магнитский ; born April 8, 1972 in Odessa , Ukrainian SSR , Soviet Union ; † November 16, 2009 Moscow ) was a Russian auditor .

As part of his work for Hermitage Capital Management , he initiated an official investigation aimed at clearing up illegal tax refunds in favor of corrupt officials in the Russian Interior Ministry . A short time later he was accused of complicity in tax evasion. Magnitsky was arrested in November 2008 and died about a year later in the Matroskaya Tishina detention center in Moscow because of his tougher conditions.

The Magnitsky case severely strained relations between the United States and Russia. He was found posthumously guilty of tax evasion by a Russian court in July 2013 . In the ten years to 2019, nobody in Russia had to take responsibility for death. Because the process was unfair and the medical care in the detention center was inadequate, the European Court of Human Rights sentenced Russia to a fine in May 2019.

background

Hermitage Capital Management, based in Guernsey , was founded in 1996 by Edmond Safra and Bill Browder and was at times one of the largest western investors in Russia. Magnitsky worked as a lawyer in the Moscow law firm Firestone Duncan, which also acted as an auditing company for Hermitage Capital . After the case gained international prominence, Hermitage Capital was charged with tax evasion and tax fraud in another case by the Russian Interior Ministry. In the years of its existence, Hermitage had provided the press with information about corruption in Russian state-owned companies and authorities. Hermitage co-founder Bill Browder was refused entry back to Russia in November 2005.

The "Magnitsky" case

prehistory

On June 4, 2007, the office of Hermitage Capital Management and the office of the Firestone Duncan law firm in Moscow were raided by a 20-strong unit of Lieutenant Colonel Artyom Kuznetsov (Ministry of the Interior) on the grounds that there was a tax evasion case against a Hermitage in Related company named Kameja pending. Among other things, the company stamps and founding documents of the Hermitage subsidiaries were confiscated. As a question after a research by Firestone Duncan with the tax authorities showed, no proceedings were initiated against Kameja on their part. It later emerged that the search warrant had no legal basis and was only used as a pretext to seize the company stamps and founding documents of the Hermitage subsidiaries, thereby rendering them incapable of acting. In the following weeks, Lieutenant Colonel Kuznetsov obtained further information about Hermitage Capital from its lenders (banks: HSBC , Citibank , Credit Suisse and ING ) under the pretext of investigations allegedly ongoing against Kameja for tax evasion. Detailed information on all Russian subsidiaries of Hermitage Capital was of particular interest.

On July 27, 2007, three subsidiaries (OOO RILEND, Moscow; OOO PARFENION, Moscow; OOO MAKHAON, Moscow, the largest assets of Hermitage) were sued for damages by a previously unknown company called Logos Plus in the competent civil court of St. Petersburg . The subject of the lawsuit - as it turned out later - were bogus contracts between the plaintiff and Hermitage Capital, from which it emerged that Hermitage Capital undertook to sell a block of shares to the plaintiff (including from Gazprom ). This contract had actually not been fulfilled, which is why the court initially upheld the claim. A short time later, the claim was recognized by representatives of the defendant.

It emerged that the three subsidiaries had illegally changed hands shortly before (the name on the deeds of incorporation was removed and another one was printed), precisely at the time when the original incorporation documents and company stamps were confiscated by the police and themselves , according to the protocol, would have to be in the evidence room. The new "owner" by the name of Viktor Markelow - a convicted murderer - had previously appeared as a company owner under questionable circumstances, following the same pattern. Markelow had instructed the companies to uphold the claim (it was about $ 500 million) and not to appeal. It was also strange that, for example, the company stamps with which some of the contracts were stamped were only made six days after the date of signature, as well as the fact that one of the alleged "business partners" of Hermitage Capital had identified himself with a passport that had been reported stolen since 2005. As a result of these events, Hermitage withdrew all of its assets from Russia. In the subsequent investigation it was also found that all forged contracts could only be drawn up during the period when the stamps and other materials needed for them were in the evidence room of the Interior Ministry under the care of Major Pavel Karpov.

The case

Since Hermitage managed to transfer the majority of its assets outside of the country within a very short time, nothing more could be gained at the first attempt. The criminally reregistered companies, because the investigation dragged on, remained in the hands of a complete stranger. During this time they applied for an immense tax refund from the tax authorities of Moscow Tax District 28. An official named Olga Stepanova had to decide on the application. The repayment totaled the equivalent of $ 230 million and was surprisingly approved by the agency within a single day. Usually, sums of this magnitude affect decisions because of the statutory auditing process over years. Since Magnitski's specialty was tax law and he worked for his client Hermitage Capital, all these processes were not hidden from him. He gave a testimony about this during the official investigation he had initiated, in which he gave all the names and facts of the takeover and the illegally obtained tax refund. Above all, he accused Lieutenant Colonel Kuznetsov of having organized and carried out the takeover and everything else. A short time later, he was charged in another case himself. The charge was tax evasion and aiding and abetting, which he allegedly provided to Hermitage owner William Browder. Some time later, on November 24, 2008, Magnitsky was arrested and taken to Moscow's Butyrka prison on remand. The pre-trial detention was justified by the fact that Magnitsky had already applied for a visa for Great Britain, which is why there was an acute risk of flight . On November 6, 2008, Oleg Logunov, Deputy Head of the Investigation Department of the Ministry of the Interior, handed Magnitsky's case over to the same Lieutenant Colonel Kuznetsov, who had previously been seriously incriminated by Magnitsky's testimony in the case of the criminal takeover of Hermitage Capital, for investigation.

Imprisonment and death

Magnitsky's grave at the “Preobrazhenskoje” cemetery, Moscow

Initially, Magnitsky was detained in Moscow's number 2 remand prison, Butyrka prison. During his detention he was exposed to increasing pressure and ill-treatment from Kuznetsov and Karpov, who demanded that he withdraw his testimony in the Hermitage case. Contacts with relatives and lawyers were impeded, letters were lost. On Kuznetsov's orders, Magnitsky was regularly transferred from cell to cell and from prison to prison. The last move took place in the detention center Sailors Rest .

In November 2008 Magnitsky was still symptom-free and - according to the written entries in his prison diary - detained in a healthy condition. During his detention, Magnitsky wrote 480 letters of complaint to various authorities, including a 40-page report to the Attorney General . In his letters of complaint, he described the unlawful and inhumane circumstances of his detention and his conditions of detention, including torture : He was not allowed to shower for two weeks and was transferred to a cell in which the toilet drain was defective, so that there were several faeces and urine in it Accumulated inches high. The harassment against him increased after each letter. Not a single one of his letters to the authorities was answered. In July 2009 Magnitsky was given access to a doctor for the first time after nine months in prison, despite previous complaints. The prison doctor's findings were: pancreatitis , cholecystitis caused by calculus , gallstones . However, nothing was done about it. He was denied any form of medical care throughout his detention.

Magnitsky remained in custody for a total of 358 days and finally died on November 16, 2009 in an isolation cell while paramedics were not admitted. He died seven days before the end of the year of pre-trial detention (according to Russian law, one year is the maximum time a detainee can remain in custody without charge, after which he must either be released or charged). It is believed that he was beaten to death by the guards . After his death, the authorities named pancreatitis as the official cause of death. This was later corrected and the cause was given as "heart attack". The Russian law enforcement authorities refused to carry out an autopsy .

In November 2018, prosecutors alleged that Magnitsky had been poisoned . This turnaround could be seen in connection with fears of new investigations in the case of Alexander Perepelichny, who was poisoned in London .

Effects

National

In November 2009 there was an official investigation into the incidents, which was initiated not because of the desperate attempts by Magnitsky to report the incident, but rather on the orders of the then President , Dmitry Medvedev . About 20 prison officials were also dismissed from their duties by presidential decree and two prison doctors were charged. According to unsourced information, the two accused doctors cited the pressure exerted on them by investigator Oleg Silchenko at the Ministry of the Interior. This had investigated Magnitsky's alleged tax evasion. However, the commission of inquiry absolved Silchenko of all guilt. Medvedev also signed a decree in December 2009, according to which pre-trial detention cannot be enforced against persons who are under investigation on suspicion of tax evasion.

On June 25, 2010, the Moscow radio station Echo Moskwy ( Эхо Москвы , Eng . Echo Moscow) reported on the start of investigations by the Russian Interior Ministry into the case of Artyom Kuznetsov, who had not been charged or suspended until then. The legality of his arrest warrant against Magnitsky was investigated. The investigation was opened following a complaint from Jamison Firestone, a former colleague of Magnitsky. The officials, prosecutors and judges involved in the events remained in their positions. In July 2012, the then deputy head of the Butyrka remand prison, Dmitri Kratow, was charged with violating his official duties. However, Kratov was acquitted of negligence by a Moscow court in December 2012. The two doctors who failed to examine Magnitsky are the only two officials who have been punished so far. Some others, however, were promoted. On the day the verdict was pronounced, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the so-called Dima Yakovlev Law , which included a ban on the adoption of Russian children for US citizens and was seen as a response to the US government's sanctions against Russian officials in the Magnitsky case.

On March 18, 2013, the Russian judicial authorities announced that they had finally closed their investigation into Magnitsky's death. According to the investigative committee of the Russian public prosecutor's office, there is no evidence of a crime, and no traces of torture or other physical violence have been found on Magnitsky. However, these statements cannot be confirmed in any other way, since an autopsy requested by the relatives was prohibited by the penal authorities. In an interview with the television station Rossiya 1 on April 27, 2013, President Vladimir Putin affirmed that the Magnitsky case was closed. According to Putin, although it was “a tragedy”, there was “no bad intent and no negligence”.

The criminal proceedings against Sergej Magnitsky and William Browder for tax evasion, however, continued after Magnitsky's death. Dmitry Medvedev, himself a lawyer, told CNN in January 2013 that the trial was not about accusing a dead lawyer of committing crimes. However, there are procedures in criminal procedural law that have to be brought to an end even after the death of a party. This is the case in every country. He also downplayed the importance of Magnitsky, saying that he never fought against corruption. "He was an ordinary management consultant who was only at the service of his employer," he concluded his assessment of Magnitsky with a view to William Browder, the head of Hermitage Capital , who was already in London at the time. According to the Russian General Prosecutor's Office, the deceased was also included in the trial at the request of Magnitsky's family, who wanted to see his name washed away from all allegations. The widow Natalija Sharikova, however, rejected this representation as "a lie". She and Natalija Magnitskaja, Magniski's mother, did not want this. Sharikova said that the Ministry of the Interior was only interested in finding Magnetski guilty and that this negotiation could hardly be described as a rehabilitation process. According to the indictment, Magnitsky and Browder jointly evaded 522 million rubles in taxes. The trial began on February 25, 2013. On March 5, 2013, the Russian Interior Ministry announced that Browder was also being investigated for the illegal appropriation of Gazprom shares and that the Russian judiciary was planning to issue an international search for Browder after he had been officially charged be.

On July 11, 2013, Magnitsky was posthumously convicted of tax fraud by a Moscow court. Browder was found guilty of smuggling approximately $ 17 million past the Treasury and was sentenced to nine years in prison in absentia. Browder's company denied the allegations in a press release , calling the trial a show trial. In 2015 Bowder and in 2017 former Duma MP Dimitri Gudkov were found guilty of defamation towards investigator Pavel Karpov by Russian courts.

The request by the Russian authorities to put Browder on the international wanted list was rejected by Interpol . The international police organization based in Lyon said the allegations against Browder were politically motivated and contradict Interpol's rules. The Russian Interior Ministry reacted indignantly and in turn described Interpol's decision as incomprehensible and politically motivated.

International

In 2010, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called on Russia to bring officials responsible for death to justice. In the same year, the Dutch film producers Hans Hermans and Martin Maat created a documentary about the Magnitsky case with the title Justice for Sergei .

After the US State Department had withdrawn Russian officials from entering the US in 2011 and blocked their assets and accounts in the US, the United States Congress issued the Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik repeal and Sergei Magnitsky in December 2012 rule of law accountability act of 2012 , also known as the Magnitsky Act . When President Obama signed it on December 14, 2012, the sanctions imposed on Russian officials became law. The list with the names of these officials is also known as the "Magnitsky List". British MPs debated a similar bill for Britain in late 2012.

Russia responded to the US move with a ban on adopting Russian orphans by American citizens. The law in question is officially known in Russia as the “Dima Yakovlev Law”, named after a Russian orphan boy who died in the United States because his adoptive father locked him in a car in the heat. On April 12, 2013, the USA published a list of 18 people who are now banned from entering the US, including 16 people directly connected to the Magnitsky case. On April 13, Russia then published a list of the names of 18 US citizens who are no longer allowed to enter Russia, including David Addington , who, as an employee of former US Vice President Dick Cheney, was one of the main people responsible for the torture programs of the Bush Government is viewed, as well as Geoffrey D. Miller , former US American commander of Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq and the Guantánamo Prison Camp in Cuba .

In March 2013, at the beginning of the trial, Natalia Sharikova, Magnitsky's widow, spoke out in favor of the British media in favor of preparing a US-style law ("Magnitsky Act") to publicly prohibit his perpetrators from entering the United Kingdom. On July 9, 2013, British media reported that the Home Office had banned sixty Russian officials from entering the UK in connection with the Magnitsky case. Russian media reported on the same day that Russia has not yet received any official notice of an entry ban for certain Russian officials from the UK. As recently as September 2012, the British government had assured Moscow that there would be no general entry ban for the Russian officials who had been linked to the Magnitsky case. In November 2014, UK MPs complained that they were still waiting for David Cameron to take action against Russian citizens linked to the case.

With effect from 2018, entry bans were imposed on 49 Russian officials in Lithuania in November 2017 for alleged human rights violations, money laundering and corruption, which are regarded as a reaction to the Magnitsky case. Lithuania is the fourth country with such a law after the USA, Canada and Estonia.

In May 2019, however, it was found that the entry bans were only effective to a limited extent and that the actually banned lawyer Andrei Pavlov had traveled more than 70 times to various EU countries after being banned.

Council of Europe

The Swiss politician Andreas Gross prepared a report on the Magnitsky case on behalf of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . At the public presentation of the report on June 25, 2013, Gross described the investigations by the Russian authorities as contradicting the situation and the evidence presented against Magnitsky was not convincing. The circumstances of Magnitsky's death are to be seen as a “violation of Russian law and the European Convention on Human Rights”. In an interview, Gross stated that he was convinced that Magnitsky "tracked down an injustice and therefore became the victim of an injustice himself". On January 28 of the following year (2014), the Council of Europe passed resolution 1966, in which it recommended that the member states of the Council of Europe impose similar sanctions against those involved in the case as the USA.

reception

Exhibition in the Wall Museum - Museum Haus am Checkpoint Charlie

The permanent exhibition "Sergei Magnitsky - A Testimony for Russian Justice and Democracy" opened in 2011 in the Wall Museum at Checkpoint Charlie.

"One hour and eighteen minutes"

In 2010, director Michail Jurewitsch Ugarow and screenwriter Elena Anatolievna Gremina staged a kind of trial against investigators, prosecutors, judges and doctors from pretrial detention centers in the play “One Hour and Eighteen Minutes”. Discussions between the audience and the actors after the second act are part of the play. At a performance in 2019, the journalist Soja Swetowa found that hardly anything had changed in the Russian penal system in 10 years. Magnitsky's mother said on the occasion that she was “proud that my son has remained human. I take pride in the fact that nobody can blame him for cheating on someone. (…) Sergei believed that laws could be obeyed. Unfortunately, this was not the case. "

The Teatr.doc theater, run by the Ugarow / Gremnia couple, was harassed by the authorities in 2015, and the couple both died of heart attacks within 6 weeks in 2018. In 2017, after falling from a balcony on the fourth floor, which he cannot remember, the lawyer for the Magnitski family said that there had been 8 mysterious deaths related to the case.

ARTE documentary "The Magnitsky Case"

The Magnitsky Case is a documentary by the Russian director Andrei Nekrasov . The Magnitsky case, filmed for ZDF and ARTE, questioned the portrayal of Magnitsky as a victim of the Russian justice system in the final version. Even before the first broadcast , ZDF and ARTE received letters including a. by Browder, with a list of factual errors in the film and a warning of legal consequences if incorrect information is deliberately published. The English-language version of the film was awarded second place in the Best European TV Documentary category at Europe's largest tri-media film festival, the Prix ​​Europa , in October 2016 .

criticism

The rapporteur for the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , Andreas Gross , was indignant that the “so-called” documentary was spreading untruths and accused Nekrasov of manipulation. Nekrassov's whole thesis is based on the only " demonstrably untrue assertion that Magnitsky did not accuse the police at all," and the Green politician Marieluise Beck protested against Nekrasov's approach in an interview with her. Magnitsky's former colleagues also expressed doubts about Nekrassov's representations and accused him of false statements and disregard of evidence. The deputy chairman of the Council of Europe's Human Rights Committee, Bernd Fabritius, called key statements “blatantly untruthful” and referred to independent investigations by the Council of Europe as well as official interrogation protocols.

In his film, Nekrasov put forward the thesis that Magnitsky was not murdered in prison, as was received in the opposition media, because he had tracked down dirty dealings by Russian authorities. Rather, Magnitsky was arrested because he was involved in dubious business dealings with his US employer Bill Browder , and he was not deliberately murdered, but only tragically died as a result of the appalling detention conditions. Magnitsky was "not an isolated case" . The portrayal in Nekrassov's film sparked outrage among Browder and the Magnitskis family. The family also complained that Nekrasov had brought his material, which he had obtained fraudulently under false claims, into the film contrary to the family's prohibition ("ignoring their prohibition on the use of these materials").

The Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta substantiated Nekrasov's false claims and summarized: "There are two funerals in this film - the second is Nekrasov's credibility."

Web links

Commons : Sergei Leonidowitsch Magnitsky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mikhail Fishman: The mysterious death of a Russian lawyer in custody . In: Welt Online . May 11, 2011. Accessed July 31, 2011.
  2. ↑ Schuster: Don't forget Sergej Magnitski  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the FDP parliamentary group, November 16, 2010. Accessed July 31, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.fdp-fraktion.de  
  3. ↑ Julia Smirnova: Court finds dead lawyer Magnitsky guilty . In World Online . June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Natalya Magnitskaya: “It seems to me as if it happened yesterday ...” , Novaya Gazeta, November 16, 2019
  5. ↑ Russia convicted in the Magnitsky case . On tagesschau.de . August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  6. ^ Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $ 230 Million Fraud . In: The Sunday Times, November 14, 2010.
  7. ^ A. Peasant: Magnitsky Report . August 16, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  8. ↑ Mikhail Fishman: Democracy under Putin - The terrible torture death of a Russian lawyer . In: Welt Online. November 28, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  9. ^ Editor: William Browder with the collaboration of a collective of authors, consisting of free lawyers, forensic medical experts and former colleagues of Sergei Magnitsky ”: The Torture and Murder of Sergei Magnitsky and the Cover Up by the Russian Government (PDF file; 5.1 MB ). November 28, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  10. ^ A b Jason Bush: Hijacking the Hermitage Fund . In: Business Week. April 4, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  11. ↑ Mikhail Fishman: The Lawyer Who Knew Too Much . In: Welt Online . May 11, 2011. Accessed July 31, 2011.
  12. ↑ Lucian Kim, Tom Cahill: Deadly Business in Moscow . In: Bloomberg Businessweek. February 18, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  13. ^ Philip Aldrick, Andrew Osborn, Philip Sherwell: Russian justice in the dock over anti-corruption lawyer's agonizing death in prison . In: The Telegraph . November 22, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  14. ↑ Benjamin L. Cardin, US Senator and Deputy Chairman of the US agency “CSCE / US Helsinki Commission” : JUSTICE FOR SERGEI MAGNITSKY ACT OF 2010, a speech to the US Congress ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2011 on the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . US Department of the CSCE website, September 29, 2010. Accessed July 31, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csce.gov
  15. ^ Rosie Gray: Bill Browder's Testimony to the Senate Judiciary Committee. July 25, 2017, Retrieved May 22, 2020 (American English).
  16. ↑ Philip Aldrick: Russia refuses autopsy for anti-corruption lawyer . In: The Telegraph . November 19, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  17. ↑ Bill Browder, Ruler of the Russian Federation , Novaya Gazeta, November 20, 2018
  18. ↑ BBC News: Medvedev orders investigation of Magnitsky jail death . In: BBC News. November 24, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  19. ↑ Russia blames doctors, not police, in death of lawyer Sergei Magnitsky , washingtonpost.com, July 4, 2011
  20. ↑ Police accuse Russian lawyer Magnitsky a year after his death , washingtonpost.com, November 15, 2010
  21. ↑ Magnitsky case: Russian judiciary indicts two prison doctors , sputniknews.com, July 6, 2011
  22. ↑ Magnitsky case: experts suspect death from refusal to help , sputniknews.com, July 6, 2011
  23. ↑ Ellen Barry: Russia Says It Will Try Jail Doctors in '09 Case . In: New York Times . June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  24. ↑ Gregory L. White and the Associated Press: Russia Bans Jailing of Tax Offenders Following Lawyer's Death . In: Wall Street Journal . December 29, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  25. ↑ echo Moskwy: Департамент собственной безопасности МВД проводит проверку в отношении подполковника милиции Артема Кузнецова , который отдал приказ об аресте юриста Сергея Магницкого. . In: Echo Moskwy . June 25, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  26. ↑ PanoramaMagnitski case: Trial initiated against deputy prison director of Butyrka , sputniknews.com, July 9, 2012
  27. ↑ Sergej Magnitsky acquittal in the event of death , sputniknews.com, December 28, 2012
  28. ^ Acquittal in the Magnitsky case , in Süddeutsche Zeitung of December 29, 2012
  29. ↑ Russian judiciary stops investigations , in Süddeutsche Zeitung from March 19, 2013
  30. ↑ politicians want to entry ban for Russian officials , in the world of December 1, 2011
  31. ↑ Putin: Magnitsky Case Completed - No Torture and No Negligence , RIA Novosti, April 27, 2013
  32. ↑ 'Absurd' Sergei Magnitsky trial adjourned , telegraph.co.uk, Jan. 28, 2013
  33. ↑ Sergei Magnitsky's widow wants abusers banned from entering Britain , telegraph.co.uk, March 21, 2013
  34. ^ Moscow pursues Magnitsky beyond his death , Deutsche Welle, February 26, 2013
  35. ↑ Russia is investigating British investors , in Die Welt, March 5, 2013
  36. ↑ Dead Russian whistleblower convicted by the court , in Handelsblatt of July 11, 2013
  37. ^ Judgment against a dead person , NZZ of July 11, 2013
  38. ↑ Ex-Russian investigator wins $ 1,700 from Hermitage Capital , rapsinews.com, March 10, 2015
  39. ↑ The Moscow City Court increases the sentence by 33 times in the case of the moral damage of ex-investigator Karpov in the "Magnitsky case" , Novaya Gazeta, September 6, 2017
  40. ↑ Interpol rejects Russia in the Browder case , Tageblatt of July 27, 2013
  41. ↑ Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012
  42. ^ Unpunished death in a Russian prison , Die Welt, December 28, 2012
  43. ↑ Ballets Russes , The Economist, March 21, 2013.
  44. ↑ Children are only play material for Mr. Putin , FAZ from January 22, 2013
  45. ↑ Russian officials on the US sanctions list , Die Welt, April 12, 2013
  46. ↑ The Man Behind the Torture , nybooks.com, December 6, 2007
  47. ↑ Spain's Attorney General Opposes Prosecutions of 6 Bush Officials on Allowing Torture , nytimes.com, April 16, 2009
  48. ↑ Russia reacts to the “Magnitsky List” , NZZ of April 13, 2013
  49. ↑ Sergei Magnitsky's widow wants abusers banned from entering Britain , telegraph.co.uk, March 21, 2013
  50. ↑ Russians linked to Sergei Magnitsky case banned from entering UK , Daily Telegraph, July 9, 2013
  51. ↑ Russia Denies UK Notified it of 'Magnitsky List' Visa Ban , sputniknews.com, July 9, 2013
  52. ↑ Russia says has British assurance over "Magnitsky blacklist" , reuters.com, September 4, 2012
  53. ↑ Cameron Gets Tough With a Pick-Up Artist, But Not Putin's Put-to-Death Artists , huffingtonpost.co.uk, Nov. 27, 2014
  54. ↑ NZZ, January 16, 2018, page 2
  55. ↑ Juliette Garside: "Calls for Europe to review border controls after blacklisted Russian visits 70 times" The Guardian of May 24, 2019
  56. ^ Council of Europe criticizes Moscow in the Magnitsky case , Die Welt of June 26, 2013
  57. ↑ The proceedings against a dead person are bizarre Basler Zeitung from June 27, 2013
  58. ↑ Refusing impunity for the killers of Sergei Magnitsky , Resolution 1966 (2014) of the Parliamentary Assembly
  59. ↑ Swetowa: "It was intimidation" , DW, March 1, 2017
  60. ↑ Russian playwright found dead after making play about anti-corruption lawyer Sergei Magnitsky , National Post, May 16, 2018
  61. ↑ WORLD Lawyer Probing Russian Corruption Says His Balcony Fall Was 'No Accident' ,
  62. ↑ Niklas Záboji: How did the lawyer die in Moscow? Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 29, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2016 (German).
  63. ↑ Rikard Juswjak & Robert Koalson: Испарившийся фильм. Radio Swoboda, April 29, 2016, accessed on May 27, 2016 (Russian).
  64. ↑ prixeuropa.eu: The PRIX EUROPA 2016 Winners ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / prixeuropa.eu
  65. ↑ Magnitskis Murder , FAZ, June 18, 2016; "Anyone who knows the documents that have come to us from various sources will notice that Nekrasov is manipulating and Sergei Magnitsky is doing another injustice."
  66. ↑ Ulf Mauder: Arte stops the documentary about the Magnitski case. Der Tagesspiegel, April 29, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2016 .
  67. ↑ Michael Hanfeld: Traces of abuse. In: FAZ. May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2016 .
  68. ↑ a b Сапожник и его пироги , Novaja Gazeta, July 1, 2016; "And another funeral took place - the call of the director Nekrasov."
personal data
SURNAME Magnitsky, Sergei Leonidowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Магнитский, Сергей Леонидович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian auditor
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1972
PLACE OF BIRTH Odessa
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 2009
Place of death Moscow , Russia