Magnitsky Act

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The Magnitsky Act (officially: Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 ) is a non-partisan law that was passed by the US Congress and signed by then President Barack Obama in December 2012. The law was originally intended to punish Russian officials responsible for the death of Russian tax advisor Sergei Magnitsky , who died in a Moscow prison in 2009 .

In 2016, the Global Magnitsky Act was passed, authorizing the US government to personally punish all human rights violators worldwide , freeze their assets and deny them entry to the US . In the meantime, similar laws have also been introduced or required in other countries .

background

In 2009, Russian tax advisor Sergei Magnitsky died in a Moscow prison after investigating a $ 230 million fraud committed by Russian tax officials. Magnitsky was charged with the fraud himself and was imprisoned for it. In prison Magnitsky suddenly developed gallstones , pancreatitis and cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), but received no medical treatment for months. It is believed that this was the result of targeted poisoning . He was also subjected to torture . After almost a year of pre-trial detention, shortly before the end of his term, he was beaten to death by guards.

Magnitzki's friend Bill Browder , a prominent American- born businessman who worked largely in the Russian Federation after the collapse of the USSR , published the case. Browder reached out to American officials to pass laws that would punish Russian individuals who were or are involved in corruption . Browder brought the case to Senators Benjamin Cardin and John McCain , who then drafted a bill .

law

On June 7, 2012, the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs presented the United States House of Representatives with a bill entitled the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (HR 4405). The main purpose of the law was to punish Russian officials allegedly responsible for the death of Sergei Magnitsky by banning them from entering the United States and using the banking system . The bill was picked up the following week by a Senate panel sponsored by Senator Ben Cardin and, in a further review, highlighted mounting tensions in international relations. Browder later wrote that the Magnitsky Act found swift bipartisan support because the corruption that Magnitsky exposed was so obvious and undeniable and "there is no pro-Russian torture and murder lobby in the US to oppose it."

In November 2012, the draft law (HR 6156) for the Magnitsky Act was added provisions aimed at normalizing trade with Russia and Moldova (the repeal of the Jackson-Vanik law amendment). On December 6, 2012, the US Senate passed the issue of Law 92–4. The law was signed on December 14, 2012 by then-President Barack Obama.

perception

The Magnitsky Act is special in that, as a rule, only entire states were sanctioned for crimes against humanity , but not the individual perpetrators. The only exceptions until then were the Nuremberg Trials (see Nuremberg Principles ) and the UN war crimes tribunals (see International Criminal Law ).

The Australian lawyer in exile Geoffrey Robertson, who represented some of the Magnitsky activists, describes the law as "one of the most important new developments in human rights ". Robertson believed that this law provided an opportunity to get at the Auschwitz train drivers , the apparatchiks and those who make a little money off of human rights abuses and generally stay under the radar. ”

In July 2017, Bill Browder was interviewed by Fareed Zakaria ( CNN ). They talked about the Magnitsky Act and topics like why Vladimir Putin is directly threatened by it; on the money the Russian government has given over 10,000 Russian human rights abusers; the June 2016 Russia meeting during the Trump campaign; and the power and influence of Russian money in Washington, DC

The Directorate of Special Affairs in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the United Kingdom explained that it knows the people on the list. Under current law, people involved in human rights abuses are prohibited from entering. The United Kingdom therefore denies entry to anyone on the list.

The liberal Russian dissidents Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Mursa and Boris Efimovich Nemtsov endorsed the law and called it "pro-Russian".

Russian government reaction

In response to the passing of the Magnitsky Act, the Russian government issued a list of US officials banned from entering Russia and posthumously sentenced Magnitsky as guilty. The Russian government reportedly tried to influence the legislative process through Kenneth Duberstein's PR firm .

Deputy State Duma -Abgeordnete Yevgeny Fedorov of Putin's party United Russia claimed that the real purpose would consist of the Magnitsky Act is to key people in big business to manipulate and government with the goal of a pro-American policy in the Russian Federation.

On December 19, 2012, in response to the Magnitsky Act, the State Duma also voted 400-4 in favor of a ban on the international adoption of Russian children into the United States. The bill was unofficially named after Dmitri Yakovlev (Chase Harrison), a Russian toddler who died of heat stroke in 2008 when his adoptive American father forgot he was in the back seat of his SUV.

Two more laws were proposed in 2013: One was to prevent US citizens from collaborating with political non-governmental organizations in Russia. The other proposal, which was withdrawn, was to prevent any foreigner from speaking on state television if that would discredit the state.

On April 13, 2013, in response to the Magnitsky List, Russia published a list banning 18 Americans from entering Russia for alleged human rights violations. The exiled from Russia people are below listed.

Global Magnitsky Act

In December 2016, the US Congress passed a new law that is a global version of the Magnitsky Act to address human rights abuses on a global basis. This current Global Magnitsky Act (GMA) allows the US government to personally punish all foreign government officials who are involved in human rights abuses , regardless of where in the world.

In September 2017, a group of NGOs and anti-corruption organizations identified fifteen international cases of crimes. People from countries like Azerbaijan , Bahrain , China , the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Egypt , Ethiopia , Liberia , Mexico , Panama , Russia , Saudi Arabia , Tajikistan , Ukraine , Uzbekistan and Vietnam have been proposed for sanctions.

On December 21, 2017, thirteen more names were added to the list of sanctioned persons. These included Yahya Jammeh , former President of Gambia , and Roberto Jose Rivas Reyes, President of the Supreme Electoral Council of Nicaragua .

On December 22, 2017, Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain stated that the Trump administration had failed to record cases of serious human rights violations by Bahraini government officials. Ultimately, there were no persons or entities from any member state of the Arab League on the first list of agents of the Global Magnitsky Act, although suitable cases were filed.

On June 12, 2018, Félix Bautista, a member of the Senate of the Dominican Republic and five companies he owns or controls, was sanctioned by the US Treasury Department under the Global Magnitsky Act for his involvement in significant corruption. Bautista allegedly participated in bribery in connection with his position as a senator. He is also said to have been involved in corruption in Haiti , where he used his connections to obtain public works contracts to help rebuild Haiti after several natural disasters. Among them was a case where his company had been paid over $ 10 million for work not completed.

On July 5, 2018, three more names were added to the list. These also belonged to Nicaragua. The OFAC (Office for the Control of Foreign Assets) of the US Treasury Department sanctioned the Nicaraguan Police President Francisco Javier Diaz Madriz (Diaz) and the Secretary of the Mayor's Office of Managua Fidel Antonio Moreno Briones (Moreno), because they were responsible for it or managed companies that were involved in serious human rights abuses in Nicaragua. In addition, OFAC stated that José Francisco Lopez Centeno (Lopez), Vice President of ALBA de Nicaragua (ALBANISA) and President of Petronic, had committed corrupt activities.

On August 1, 2018, the US Treasury Department sanctioned top Turkish officials, Turkish Justice Minister Abdülhamit Gül and Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu , who were involved in the arrest of American pastor Andrew Brunson . Daniel Glaser, former Deputy Secretary Against Terrorist Financing under President Barack Obama, said: “It is certainly the first time I have known the US sanctioned a NATO ally. To detain someone illegally, I consider myself a violation of human rights; so I think it falls within the framework of the Global Magnitsky Act. "

On August 28, 2018, U.S. Senator Marco Rubio and 16 other members of Congress called on the United States to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act on Chinese officials responsible for human rights abuses against the Uyghur minority in Xinjiang .

On November 15, 2018, the US Treasury Department said it had imposed sanctions on 17 Saudi Arabian officials who "deliberately and brutally killed" the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi , who lived and worked in the United States.

The Magnitsky Act in other countries

Outside of the United States, other countries began to enact laws similar to and inspired by the December 2016 Global Magnitsky Act:

Estonia

On December 8, 2016, Estonia introduced a law prohibiting foreigners convicted of human rights violations from entering Estonia. The law, passed unanimously in the Estonian Parliament , states that Estonia has the right to refuse entry to people if, among other things, there is “information or good reason to believe” that they have participated in activities that “lead to death or serious damage to the health of a person ”.

United Kingdom

On February 21, 2017, the UK House of Commons unanimously passed a Magnitsky Act-inspired amendment to the country's Criminal Finance Code that would allow the government to freeze the assets of international human rights abusers in the UK . On May 1, 2018, the UK House of Commons unanimously added the “Magnitsky Amendment” to the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act, which allows the UK government to impose sanctions on those who commit serious human rights abuses.

Canada

In March 2015, Canada's Parliament passed an initial motion to pass a similar bill known as The Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Bill (Sergei Magnitsky Law) .

In May 2017, Canada was warned by the Russian Federation's Foreign Ministry that its new law was a “blatantly unfriendly move”. And "if the Parliament of Canada approves this sanctions legislation, relations between our countries, which are already going through difficult times, will be seriously damaged". CBC News in Canada reported that Russia had blacklisted Chrystia Freeland , Canada's Foreign Minister, and twelve other Canadian politicians and activists on the Moscow Kremlin . They were also denied entry to Russia because of their criticism of Russian actions in Ukraine and their annexation of Crimea .

On October 19, 2017, after a unanimous vote in the House of Commons (Canada) , the Canadian Parliament passed the bill with 277 votes in favor and no votes against. Russian President Vladimir Putin accused Canada of "political games" because of its new Magnitzky law.

Canada's Magnitsky Act, along with the original 30 Russian people already under sanctions, also targeted 19 Venezuelan and 3 South Sudanese officials.

Lithuania

On November 9, 2017, the Lithuanian parliament approved with 78 votes in favor, one against and five abstentions that relevant legislative changes could be discussed, and finally passed the Magnitsky Law unanimously on November 16, 2017, the 8th anniversary of Sergei Magnitsky's death . This law allows the Lithuanian parliament to impose sanctions on persons suspected of engaging in human rights abuses. Lithuania is reportedly the fifth country to pass the Magnitsky Law. The law was first proposed in Lithuania in 2017 by Gabrielius Landsbergis , MP, chairman of the home association of Lithuanian Christian Democrats. He mentioned that it is important that criminals know in advance that human rights violations will not be tolerated in Lithuania. Landbergis said: "Our Magnitsky law is universal, as is human rights themselves."

Latvia

On February 8, 2018, the Latvian Parliament ( Saeima ), inspired by the Sergej Magnitzki case, passed the application of the Sanctions Act to ban foreigners who have committed human rights violations from entering the country. Latvia was the sixth country in the world and the last of the three Baltic countries to pass a version of the Magnitzky Law. The government of Latvia has imposed entry restrictions on 49 Russian citizens for various human rights violations. They are also said to have been involved in the death of Sergei Magnitsky.

Sixty MPs voted for the law, while seven voted against. Those who opposed the law belonged to the Harmony political party, which traditionally favors Russia. Boriss Cilevics was the only member of the Harmony party to vote in favor of the Magnitzki Act.

Kosovo

On January 29, 2020, the Foreign Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli announced that Kosovo, now the seventh country in the world and the first in the Balkans region, has ratified and passed the Global Magnitsky Act.

Countries in the legislative phase of the Magnitzky Act

European Union

The EU Parliament passed a resolution in March 2019 to call on the EU Commission and the 28 member states to enact laws similar to the Magnitsky Act. The resolution was passed by a large majority with 447 votes in favor, 70 against and 46 abstentions.

The resolution calls for the introduction of an EU-wide system of sanctions that directly address individual, state and non-state actors and other organizations that are responsible for or were involved in serious human rights violations. As mentioned in the Magnitsky Act, the consequences should be the securing of funds and an entry ban. For this purpose, a list of people and their crimes should be drawn up according to established rules, which should be accessible to all EU countries. This approach is intended to strengthen the EU as a global authority for respecting human rights.

This has not yet been implemented. However, independently of this, the EU has already imposed 1,990 sanctions against other countries for human rights violations, such as against China in 1989 for suppressing the protests in Tiananmen Square in 1989 ; 2004 against Belarus , when opposition activists disappeared; 2011 against Iran , for repression of peaceful protests, torture; 2015 against Burundi for violence against demonstrators; 2017 against Venezuela , for oppression of the citizens and democrats. Most of the sanctions imposed have consisted of visa denial and property freezes against human rights abusers, including government officials, military officers, police officers and prosecutors. As of April 2018, the European Union reportedly had sanctionsed 150 separatists and Russian officials and 38 institutions over Russian aggression in Ukraine.

Although the EU has already imposed several sanctions on those responsible for serious human rights violations in certain countries, there are increasing calls for a more global approach, targeting violations from around the world, following the example of the US Global Magnitsky Act 2016. The Dutch government launched the idea in December 2018, but it is not yet clear whether it has a good chance of being adopted at EU level.

Germany

Gyde Jensen ( FDP ), Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee in the German Bundestag , spoke out in favor of the European Parliament resolution mentioned above. For Jensen, suitable sanctions against human rights violators are the freezing of accounts, entry bans, the refusal to use European airlines, and even the prohibition of business relationships with European banks. For them it falls to the federal government to directly sanction human rights violators. The federal government should therefore go ahead and create the basis for hitting human rights violators.

In December 2019, a petition was placed online on the website of the Petitions Committee of the German Bundestag , which demands that the German Bundestag ratify and implement the Global Magnitsky Act, as it was implemented in the USA in 2016. With 62,961 signatures, the petition exceeded the required quorum (50,000 votes) that is necessary for a public hearing in the Petitions Committee to take place. In June 2020 the members of the Bundestag Peter Beyer , Michael Brandt and Andreas Nick (all CDU), Frank Schwabe ( SPD ) and Manuel Sarrazin (Greens) together with Gyde Jensen (FDP) wrote a letter to Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) and Foreign Minister Heiko Maas (SPD) and asked her to bring a European “Magnitsky law” in motion during the German EU Council Presidency.

Australia

The Australian Parliament reviewed the Magnitsky Bill in 2017 and, in December 2018, discussed a bill entitled "International Human Rights and Corruption (Magnitsky Sanctions) Bill 2018".

Michael Danby, Parliamentary Secretary of State, presented the bill to the Australian Parliament in December 2018. The Australian Magnitsky Act would allow the Australian government to sanction human rights abusers. It aims to prevent human rights abusers from entering Australia. Failure to do so would result in their assets being frozen and their children unable to be sent to Australian schools. Danby said the Australian Magnitsky Act would be similar to that in the US. The law will deal with corrupt human rights abusers around the world, not just Russia. Danby was outraged that so many groups are persecuted in China to this day, including human rights defenders, Christians , Uyghurs , Tibetans and Falun Gong practitioners .

Danby said Australia should introduce its own Global Magnitsky Act so that “Australia cannot be seen as a safe haven for corrupt human rights abusers from overseas. ... Regulations may be put in place to sanction any violations that prevent them from traveling to Australia, trading with Australia or keeping their assets in Australia. "

Human Rights Watch wrote in a letter to recently reappointed Secretary of State Marise Payne : “The Australian government should make the protection of human rights a priority of its foreign policy. We urge you to consider implementing a law or regulation similar to the Global Magnitsky Act, and in the meantime, under Australia's autonomous sanctions regime, you should consider starting a clear process to screen those with problematic rights and them to be included on the sanctions lists of Australia ”.

Ukraine

In December 2017, the Magnitzky legislation was presented to the Ukrainian parliament with the full support of its members. The Ukraine would have been the sixth country in the world that promoted the human rights legislation of the Magnitsky Act.

Serhiy Kiral, Member of Parliament, was one of the co-authors of the bill. The title of the Ukrainian Magnitsky Law was: On Measures to Protect National Interests, National Security of Ukraine and Keeping Human Rights Abusers Accountable. ( On Measures to Protect National Interests, National Security of Ukraine, and Accountability of Human Rights Abusers ).

Although Ukraine would have been the sixth country in the world to implement the human rights legislation of the Magnitsky Act, the Ukrainian parliament removed the bill from its agenda in September 2018 due to a lack of political progress.

In addition, the government's recent exemption from punishment for illegal enrichment will be a step backwards , overshadowing the small strides in anti-corruption reforms that Ukraine made with the introduction of electronic asset reporting.

Other countries examining Magnitsky law

The Netherlands, France, Sweden and Denmark are examining corresponding versions of the Magnitzki Act.

The Netherlands : In December 2018, Der Standard reported that the Netherlands was delaying the decision to pass a Magnitzky Act in the EU by wanting to remove the title Magnitzky Act from any EU law. This wish caused discussion and displeasure within the EU.

The Netherlands suggested that the EU examine whether human rights abusers can be threatened with blocking their funds and denying them entry, regardless of where they come from.

The EUObserver reported in May 2018 that Christina Eckes, Professor of European Law at the Amsterdam Center for European Law and Governance at the University of Amsterdam , wrote that Dutch MPs had urged their government to do everything in their power to ensure that the EU's global human rights sanctions regime became “EU Magnitsky Act ”because the government had announced that it would adopt a global human rights sanctions regime. Eckes believes that although the proposal was inspired by the US Magnitsky Act, the EU should refrain from it and adopt a name of its own.

France : In 2012, the Moscow Times reported that France was not planning to adopt a Magnitsky Act similar to that of the US, according to the French ambassador to Russia. His comment came a month after the European Parliament recommended EU member states to pass laws that would introduce sanctions against Russian officials.

France24 reported in May 2019 that Bill Browder said France was now a priority for its campaign after the Magnitsky Act was passed in the UK, Canada, USA and the three Baltic states. "France is one of the most important countries in the world when it comes to a Magnitsky Act," Browder told the AFP in Paris , because France is one of the countries in which dictators and criminals like to stay. Browder addressed the Foreign Affairs Committee of the French Parliament . It wasn't until President Macron was elected in May 2017 that interest in a Magnitsky law in France has changed. After his hearing in Parliament, Browder said France was now involved.

Denmark : The EUObserver reported in March 2018 that Denmark was considering adopting the Magnitsky Act. The Liberal Party asked Danish MPs to negotiate on this issue. Michael Aastrup Jensen , spokesman for the party for foreign affairs, told the EUObserver that one outcome of the negotiations could be "a direct bill" for a Magnitzky Act in Denmark. He went on to say that there was broad political consensus that something had to be done.

The hearing in Denmark was inspired by an incident in England in which Russia allegedly tried to kill a spy. Aastrup Jensen said that a Danish Magnitzki law was already under way.

Sweden : Andrew Rettman reported in March 2018 that Sweden was also considering Magnitsky law. Bill Browder mentioned that almost half of the MPs in Sweden would already support a Magnitsky Act. The Liberal Party, the Moderates, the CDU and the middle parties, about 40 percent of the seats, would already support him.

Aastrup Jensen of the Liberal Party of Denmark mentioned that almost all Swedish opposition parties support this idea and that these parties voted long before the Swedish elections in September.

Implementation supervision 2017

President Donald Trump presented a memorandum on the implementation of the law to Congress on April 21, 2017.

In May 2017, the US authorities settled a case against Prevezon Holding. Prevezon Holding was one of the companies used to launder the money smuggled out of Russia. This fraud was discovered by Sergei Magnitzky. The settlement dismissed the case after the real estate company agreed to a $ 5.8 million fine.

In the same month, an investigation was opened into £ 6.6 million transferred to a bank in the UK by the Russian fraud program.

Regarding the Magnitzky Act, on September 8, 2017, President Trump instructed the Treasury Secretary to change the financial sanctions and the Secretary of State to adjust the issuing of entry permits.

Affected people

The Obama administration published a list of 18 people affected by the law in April 2013. The people on the list were:

  • Artyom Kuznetsov, tax inspector at the Moscow Department of the Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation .
  • Pavel Karpov, senior investigator at the Moscow Department of the Interior Ministry .
  • Oleg F. Silchenko, chief investigator at the Ministry of Interior.
  • Olga Stepanova, head of the Moscow Tax Office No. 28.
  • Jelena Staschina, judge of the Tverskoy District Court, who extended Magnitsky's detention.
  • Andrei Petschegin, Deputy Head of Investigative Oversight at the Attorney General's Office .
  • Aleksey Droganov
  • Jelena Chimina, tax officer in Moscow.
  • Dmitri Komnow, head of the Butyrka detention center .
  • Aleksei Krivorutschko, judge of the Tver District Court .
  • Oleg Logunov
  • Sergei G. Podoprigorov, judge at the Tver District Court.
  • Ivan Pavlovich Prokopenko
  • Dmitri M. Tolchinsky
  • Svetlana Uchnaljowa
  • Natalia W. Vinogradova
  • Kazbek Dukuzov, Chechen , was accused of murdering Paul Klebnikov ; was acquitted
  • Lecha Bogatyrow, suspected by the authorities in Austria as the murderer of Umar Israilov .

In June 2019, the Austrian Chamber of Commerce (WKÖ) published an updated list of other people subject to sanctions who are affected by the Magnitsky Act:

  • Apti Charonowitsch Alaudinow
  • Igor Borisovich Alizov
  • Aleksei Wassiljewitsch Anichin
  • Yevgeny Juwenaliewitsch Antonov
  • Magomed Khozhachmedowitsch Daudow, Chief of Staff of the Head of Chech. republic
  • Aleksei O. Droganov
  • Alexandra Viktorovna Gaus
  • Ruslan Geremeev
  • Viktor Yakovlevich Grin
  • Gennady Vyacheslavovich Karlov
  • Ayub Wachajewitsch Katajew
  • Vyacheslav Georgievich Khlebnikov
  • Boris Borissowitsch Kibis
  • Dmitri Wladislavowitsch Kljujew
  • Dmitri Komnow
  • Sergei Leonidowitsch Kosiev
  • Dmitri Kovtun
  • Dmitri Borisovich Kratow
  • Andrei Alexandrovich Krechetov
  • Aleksei Krivoruchko
  • Artyom Kuznetsov
  • Pavel Vladimirovich Lapshow
  • Larissa Anatoliewna Litvinowa
  • Andrei Konstantinowitsch Lugowoi
  • Viktor Aleksandrovich Markelov
  • Julia Majorova
  • Andrei Pavlov
  • Sergei G. Podoprigorov
  • Alexei Nikolayevich Scheschenja
  • Andrei Alexandrovich Striyhow
  • Umar Sugaipov
  • Fikret Tagiev
  • Elena Anatolievna Trikulja
  • Oleg Vyacheslavovich Urzhumtsew
  • Musa Wachayev

Persons affected by the Global Magnitsky Act

Other foreign persons who have been sanctioned for various human rights violations include:

The following are people who were involved in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi :

  • Salah Mohammed Tubaigy, Director of the Saudi Arabian Forensic Council
  • Mustafa al-Madani, body double by Jamal Khashoggi
  • Maher Mutrab, Saudi Arabian diplomat
  • Thaer al-Harbi, member of the Saudi Royal Guard
  • Mohammed al-Zahrani, member of the Saudi Royal Guard
  • Khalid al-Otaibi, member of the Saudi Royal Guard
  • Fahad al-Balawi, member of the Saudi Royal Guard
  • Saud al-Qahtani, adviser to Mohammed bin Salman
  • Abdulaziz al-Hasawi, bodyguard of Mohammed bin Salman
  • Thaar al-Harbi, bodyguard of Mohammed bin Salman
  • Naif Alrifi, partner in Mohammed bin Salman
  • Saif al-Qahtani, partner in Mohammed bin Salman
  • Mohammed al-Otaibi , Saudi General Consul of Turkey
  • Meshal Saad al-Bostani, member of the Royal Saudi Air Force
  • Waleed Alsehri, a member of the Royal Saudi Air Force
  • Mansour Abahussain, member of the State Secret Service of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Badr al-Otaibi, member of the State Secret Service of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Turki Alsehri

Blacklist 2017

On January 9, 2017, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Treasury Department updated its "List of Specially Marked Citizens" under the Magnitsky Act and added Alexander Ivanovich Bastrykin , Andrei Konstantinovich Lugowoi , Dmitri Wadimowitsch Kovtun , Stanislav Gordievsky and Gennady Plaksin to the blacklist. All their assets held by American financial institutions were frozen and transactions with those institutions and their entry into the United States were prohibited.

US officials banished from Russia

US officials, allegedly on the legalization of torture were involved and indefinite detention of prisoners:

Russian lawmakers also banned several US officials involved in the prosecution and trial of Russian arms smuggler Viktor Anatolyevich But and drug smuggler Konstantin Yaroshenko, both of whom were imprisoned in the United States:

  • Jed S. Rakoff, Chief Justice of the United States District Court for the Southern Borough of New York
  • Preet Bharara , former district attorney for the southern borough of New York
  • Michael J. Garcia , District Attorney for the Southern Borough of New York
  • Brendan R. McGuire, U.S. Assistant Attorney General
  • Anjan S. Sahni, Assistant Attorney General
  • Christian R. Everdell, assistant federal attorney
  • Jenna Minicucci Dabbs, assistant federal attorney
  • Christopher L. Lavigne, Assistant Attorney General
  • Michael Max Rosensaft, Deputy Attorney General
  • Louis J. Milione, Special Representative for the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA )
  • Sam Gaye, DEA's Chief Special Representative
  • Robert F. Zachariasiewicz, DEA Special Representative
  • Derek S. Odney, DEA Special Representative
  • Gregory A. Coleman, special envoy for the Federal Bureau of Investigation

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

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  3. ↑ a b Mike Eckel, “US Settles Magnitsky-Linked Money Laundering Case On Eve Of Trial,” RadioFreeEurope / RadioLiberty, May 13, 2017, accessed June 25, 2019
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  27. ^ Adam Kredo, "Bank of Putin: Goldman Sachs lobbying against human rights legislation," The Washington Free Beacon, July 19, 2012, accessed June 25, 2019
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