Sigmund von Riezler

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Bust in the Hall of Fame in Munich

Sigmund Otto Riezler , from 1900 Ritter von Riezler (born May 2, 1843 in Munich , † January 28, 1927 in Ambach or Munich) was a German historian . Riezler was the first to hold the chair for Bavarian regional history at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . He is considered the nestor of Bavarian historiography.

Live and act

Sigmund Riezler came from a Bavarian family of scholars and merchants who went to Munich in the 18th century. It came from the second marriage of the banker Joseph Riezler to Alphonsine, née Sendtner, a daughter of the writer couple Jakob Ignaz and Barbara "Betty" Sendtner . His younger brothers were the painter Albrecht and the Bavarian Major General Emanuel Riezler .

Sigmund Riezler attended the Ludwigsgymnasium in Munich . From 1861 to 1866 he studied history and law at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . From 1862 he was a member of the Isaria Corps . His academic teachers were Wilhelm von Giesebrecht , Ignaz von Döllinger and Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl . In 1864, Riezler and Karl Theodor Heigel participated in a Bavarian prize question from the historical seminar. This resulted in the book published together with Heigel in 1867 about the Duchy of Bavaria under Heinrich the Lion and Otto von Wittelsbach . The presentation was accepted as a dissertation. In 1869 he completed his habilitation with a study on Friedrich Barbarossa's crusade . Since January 1869, Riezler was a private lecturer in palaeography, diplomatics and Bavarian history for a short time. He participated in the Franco-German War as a volunteer in the body regiment. Riezler was considered a national liberal and advocated a small German solution . Riezler saw “the fulfillment of Bavarian history” in the founding of the empire by Otto von Bismarck . In the Kulturkampf he was not an "advocate of the Catholic-patriotic standpoint".

In April 1871 he became head of the Fürstlich-Fürstenberg Archive in Donaueschingen . There he took over the management of the Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Hofbibliothek as well as the coin and engraving cabinet in 1872 . Since 1877 he was an extraordinary member of the historical class and since 1883 a full member of the historical commission at the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences . From 1883 he was back in Munich, where he was the chief librarian of the court and state library . Two years later he took over the management of the Maximilianeum , which he held until 1919. From 1897 to 1918 he was a member of the central management of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica .

Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria signed Riezler's appointment as "full professor of Bavarian history" on July 4, 1898

In 1898 he became professor for Bavarian regional history at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and thus the first holder of this chair. It was the first ever chair of regional history in Germany. As early as the 1870s, the Minister of Culture Johann von Lutz had pleaded for a chair in Bavarian history at the University of Munich. As a result of political differences of opinion, the establishment of the chair dragged on until 1898. The appointment of Riezler was controversial among the members of the Bavarian Center Party in the state parliament. He was accused of “spite” towards the church and a critical attitude towards the ruling dynasty. However, the scientific reputation he had acquired up to that point was the decisive factor in his appointment. Three years after his appointment, he was raised to the nobility. From 1908 to 1916 he was secretary at the historical commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. In 1917 von Riezler had to retire at the age of 74 for health reasons. Riezler's academic students included Theodor Bitterauf , Max Buchner , Max Heuwieser , Fridolin Solleder and Karl Alexander von Müller . Contrary to Riezler's ideas, it was not his student Karl Alexander von Müller, but Michael Doeberl who was appointed as his successor to the chair on December 1, 1917 . In 1927, Doeberl succeeded in founding the Commission for Bavarian State History , which Riezler wanted to prevent. In the last years of his life, Riezler revised the first volumes of his history of Baiern . He was still able to complete the second edition of his first volume, The History of Bavaria . He found his final resting place in the cemetery of Holzhausen on Lake Starnberg . His son was the lawyer Erwin Riezler .

Gravestone in Holzhausen on Lake Starnberg

Riezler's eight-volume history of Baierns , published since 1878, gave the Chair of Bavarian State History a reputation far beyond Bavaria. The first scientific overall Bavarian presentation, developed from the sources, took into account not only political history but also cultural, church and social history. Riezler's first volume (1878) dealt with the time up to the death of Henry the Lion . The second volume (1880) covered the period up to the death of Ludwig of Bavaria . The third volume (1889) brought the Middle Ages to an end by 1508. The fourth volume (1899) described the 16th century. The fifth volume (1903) was devoted to the age of the Bavarian Elector Maximilian I. The sixth volume dealt with the constitution and culture from 1508 to 1651. The seventh and eighth volume of his history of Bavaria deal with the history up to the year 1726 with the death of Max Emanuel , the Elector of Bavaria. A register volume was published in Munich in 1932. Riezler's presentation is designed in a similar way to the yearbooks of German history . He proceeded strictly chronologically and comprehensively evaluated the written sources for each year. In 1909 he received the Verdun Prize for the fifth and sixth volumes of his history of Baierns . Riezler's history of Baierns gave the state's history numerous impulses. With all emphasis on the importance of Bavaria, Riezler also wanted to emphasize the “necessity of the political unity of the nation and a strong central authority”. He was unable to give a positive assessment of Ludwig the Bavarian, who, in his opinion, adhered to the often reviled " particularism ". Ludwig did not definitely represent the German cause in relation to the curia.

Riezler's most important student, Karl Alexander von Müller, later became his chair successor. It was supposed to continue the history of Bavaria and thus deal with the 18th and 19th centuries. However, Müller did not accept the continuation of his work requested by Riezler. In addition to his history of Bavaria , Riezler has presented editions on the Vatican files on German history in the time of Ludwig the Bavarian (1891) and the Annales Boiorum by Johannes Aventine . In 1874 he published a volume on The Literary Adversaries of the Popes in the Time of Ludwig des Baiers .

Riezler lived in the house at Widenmayerstraße 2 in the Lehel district of Munich .

Fonts

Monographs

  • History of Bavaria. 8 volumes. FA Perthes, Gotha 1878–1914. ( Archives, Volume 2 )
  • with Karl Theodor Heigel : The Duchy of Bavaria at the time of Henry the Lion and Otto I of Wittelsbach. Munich 1867 ( digitized version ).
  • The crusade of Emperor Friedrich I. Göttingen in 1869.
  • The literary opponents of the popes in the time of Ludwig des Baiers. A contribution to the history of the struggles between state and church. Leipzig 1874.
  • History of the Princely House of Fürstenberg and its ancestors up to 1509. Tübingen 1883.
  • History of the witch trials in Bavaria. Presented in the light of general development. Cotta, Stuttgart 1896 ( online ).
  • The happiest century in Bavarian history 1806–1906. Munich 1906.

Editorships

  • Vatican files on German history in the time of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria. Innsbruck 1891.

literature

  • Karl-Ludwig Ay : Siegmund von Riezler. Its history of Bavaria as a document of its development. In: Journal for Bavarian State History . Vol. 40, 1977, pp. 501-514 ( digitized version ).
  • Walter Goetz : Bavarian historical research in the 19th century. In memory of Sigmund Riezler. In: Historical magazine . Vol. 138, 1928, pp. 255-314.
  • Andreas Kraus : A great century of Bavarian historiography. Sigmund von Riezler and Michael Doeberl in memory. In: Andreas Kraus: Bavarian history in three centuries. Collected Essays. Beck, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-406-04866-8 , pp. 243-259.
  • Hans-Christof Kraus :  Riezler, Sigmund Otto Ritter von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 615 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hermann Oncken : Nekrolog. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences 1927, pp. 18–26.
  • Karl Alexander von Müller: Riezler Festschrift. Contributions to Bavarian history. Perthes, Gotha 1913.
  • Karl Alexander von Müller: Sigmund von Riezler. In: Ders .: Twelve historian profiles. Stuttgart et al. 1935, pp. 72-79.
  • Guido Treffler: The establishment of the chair for Bavarian national history in 1898 and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Sabine Rehm-Deutinger, Stephan Deutinger: Chronica Bavariae. The changing history of Bavaria. People, methods, institutions. Institute for Bavarian History at the University of Munich, Munich 1999, pp. 83–90.
  • Katharina Weigand: Riezler, Sigmund (Otto) von, historian, librarian. In: Hans-Michael Körner (Ed.): Large Bavarian Biographical Encyclopedia. Volume 3, Saur, Munich 2005, p. 1616.
  • Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert , Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history. Vol. 111). 2nd updated edition. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-10692-7 , pp. 307-350.
  • Katharina Weigand: Sigmund von Riezler (1843–1927) and Michael Doeberl (1861–1928). In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Munich historian between politics and science. 150 Years of the History Seminar of the Ludwig Maximilians University (= contributions to the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Volume 5). Utz, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8316-0969-7 , pp. 159-184.
  • Katharina Weigand: Riezler, Sigmund (Otto) Ritter von. In: German Biographical Encyclopedia . Edited by Rudolf Vierhaus , Volume 8, 2nd revised and expanded edition. Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-598-25038-X , pp. 417f.

Web links

Commons : Sigmund von Riezler  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Sigmund Ritter von Riezler  - Sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ^ Adolf Roth: Siegmund v. Riezler's ancestors. In: The family researcher in Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia. Leaves of the Bavarian State Association for Family Studies Volume I, Issue 20, December 1954, pp. 300–302 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Riezler, Albrecht. In: Ellen Hastaba: Tirols Künstler 1927. Innsbruck 2002, p. 285.
  3. ^ Christian Lankes, Wolfram Funk : Munich as a garrison in the 19th century. The capital and residence city as the location of the Bavarian Army of Elector Max IV Joseph until the turn of the century. Berlin et al. 1993, p. 566.
  4. ^ Kösener corps lists 1910, 173 , 460
  5. ^ Andreas Kraus: The political significance of Bavarian history. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, p. 1–16, here: p. 5. Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, pp. 307-350, here: p. 327.
  6. ↑ Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, pp. 307-350, here: p. 327.
  7. ↑ On the establishment of the chair cf. Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, pp. 307-350.
  8. ↑ Andreas Kraus: A great century of Bavarian historiography. Sigmund von Riezler and Michael Doeberl in memory. In: Andreas Kraus: Bavarian history in three centuries. Collected Essays. Munich 1979, pp. 243-259, here: p. 247.
  9. ↑ Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, pp. 307-350, here: p. 328.
  10. ↑ Quoted from Katharina Weigand: The chair for Bavarian regional history at the University of Munich and its first owner Siegmund von Riezler. In: Wilhelm Volkert, Walter Ziegler (Hrsg.): In the service of Bavarian history. 70 years of the Commission for Bavarian State History. 50 years of the Institute for Bavarian History. 2nd updated edition. Munich 1999, pp. 307-350, here: p. 330.
  11. ^ Karl B. Murr: The struggle for the medieval emperor. Receptions of Ludwig of Bavaria in Germany in modern times. In: Hubertus Seibert (ed.): Ludwig the Bavarian (1314-1347). Empire and rule in transition. Regensburg 2014, pp. 451–494, here: pp. 481f.
  12. ^ Katharina Weigand: Sigmund von Riezler (1843-1927) and Michael Doeberl (1861-1928). In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Munich historian between politics and science. 150 Years of the Historical Seminar of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 2010, pp. 159–184, here: p. 180.
personal data
SURNAME Riezler, Sigmund von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Riezler, Sigmund Otto Ritter von (full name); Riezler, Siegmund; Riezler, Sigmund (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH May 2, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1927
Place of death Ambach (Münsing) or Munich