Friedenstein Castle

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Friedenstein Castle, view from the south

The peace flintlock in Gotha ( Thuringia ) is an early Baroque palace complex on the site of the 1567 demolished castle Grimmenstein . It is the largest palace in Germany from the 17th century and is now home to a large number of museums and art collections .

history

Citadel-like fortress of Friedenstein Castle

Citadel of the Peace Stone with the fortress city of Gotha, copper engraving by Matthäus Seutter , 1738

The predecessor of the Friedenstein Castle, Grimmenstein Castle , was one of the oldest German fortifications thanks to its casemates and roundabouts . Grimmenstein castle / fortifications were completely / partially razed in 1567. Later, the newly built Friedenstein Castle was re-fortified in the same place in early Baroque style, with preserved parts of the old late Gothic fortifications of the Grimmenstein being incorporated into the new fortress of the Friedenstein. With its location on the outskirts of the fortress town of Gotha, Friedenstein Castle had the character of a baroque citadel . The early baroque fortress was later deconsolidated, as was the urban fortress of Gotha. Large parts of the casemates of the castle, which can be visited today, have been preserved.

Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha

Duke Ernst I, the Pious, of Saxony Gotha (1601–1675)
The main wing with the page house, view from the north (city side)
View into the courtyard of the castle

Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha ("Ernst the Pious") received Gotha as the capital of his new duchy in 1640 when he divided his estate. Since there was no suitable residence in the city , he began planning a new palace early on. According to the plans of the architect Caspar Vogel , the master builder Andreas Rudolph (1601–1679) built the palace in 1643–1654. The foundation stone for Friedenstein Castle was laid on October 26, 1643 at 12 noon. The Duke longed for peace after the devastation of the Thirty Years War . The name Friedenstein refers to the history of the place and the destruction of the previous building of Grimmenstein Castle . The name was given to the castle in 1646 and can be traced back to 1642.

Also in 1650, Duke Ernst the Pious established the Gotha Mint for his Duchy of Saxe-Gotha in the rooms of the west wing of Friedenstein Castle . The castle was fortified from 1654 to 1672. The huge size of the castle is explained by the fact that Duke Ernst I wanted not only living and representation rooms, but also administrative offices, utility rooms, an armory, a mint and a church under one roof. In the period up to 1675 the castle served as the royal residence for Duke Ernst I. From 1640 to 1894 it was the residence and administrative seat of the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha .

Friedrich II of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg

From 1708 to 1711, Duke Friedrich II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1676–1732) had the baroque Friedrichsthal Palace built as a summer palace east below the fortifications of Friedenstein Palace, on the avenue in front of Siebleber Gate .

Ernst II and the last dukes of the Saxon-Gotha and Altenburg line

According to Ernst II's ideas, the first newly planned English Garden on the European continent was built south of Friedenstein Castle from 1765 before he reigned. During his reign (1772–1804) the fortifications were demolished and the former fortifications that had been covered over were used to expand the palace gardens. The casemates of the fortifications were preserved, even if they were mostly filled in.

A small interim observatory (until the Seeberg observatory was moved into ), a physical cabinet and a permanent theater (the Ekhof theater ) were set up in the castle. Ernst II had the collections and the library supplemented. The latter also took place under his successors August (1804-1822) and Friedrich IV (1822-1825). With the extinction of the Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg line, Friedenstein Castle was transferred to the newly established Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha line . The old collections remained in Gotha through a testamentary decree initiated by Bernhard von Lindenau .

Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Duke Ernst II had the Ducal Museum built between 1864 and 1879, which housed a significant part of the art history and natural history collections and made them accessible to the public. The still very important ducal art collections at Schloss Friedenstein and in the ducal museum were inventoried and documented for the first time between 1879 and 1890 by their first director Carl Aldenhoven . The apartment west of the throne room, once the Ernst des Pious quarter, was used by the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha houses as an apartment until 1945.

World War II and post-war period

During the Second World War, part of the casemates served as bomb-proof air raid shelters for the population of Gotha city center. During this time the “casemates” access was created. The art collections were moved to places of protection. After the 3rd US Army invaded in April 1945, hundreds of thefts occurred. When the Red Army moved in in July 1945, the entire remaining holdings of the Gotha art collections, the library with 330,000 manuscripts and printed matter and the coin cabinet were confiscated and transported to the Soviet Union in spring 1946 as compensation for the damage caused by the Wehrmacht in Russia . Most of this war booty returned in 1958/59. Among them was the Gotha lovers, the most famous piece in the Gotha collections.

Art theft from Gotha

On the night of December 13-14, 1979, five valuable paintings were stolen from the castle: Frans Hals ( portrait of a young man ), Anthonis van Dyck ( self-portrait with a sunflower ), Jan Lievens ( old man ), Jan Brueghel the Elder ( Country road with farmer's wagons and cows ) and Hans Holbein the Elder ( Saint Catherine ). A team of 30 investigators from the GDR criminal police investigated in vain. In December 2019, it was announced that the five paintings have reappeared.

present

Gotha Elephant (around 1720), Castle Museum (Kunstkammer)
Equestrian statuette of August the Strong (around 1715/20), Castle Museum (Kunstkammer)
Wax portrait of Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (around 1675/80), Castle Museum (Kunstkammer)
Astronomical table clock (1647), Castle Museum
Permanent exhibition animals in the tower, museum of nature

Museums and institutions

  • The castle museum includes the former ducal living and representative rooms.
  • The art chamber within the castle museum shows works of art made of ivory, amber, silver and enamel of international standing.
  • The Münzkabinett Gotha with 130,000 objects is one of the most important collections in Germany. Since 2007, the coin collection has once again had a public exhibition in the form of the New Coin Cabinet in the west wing.
  • The Museum of Nature with currently an exhibition "Animals in the Tower"
  • The Ekhof Theater with the oldest functioning baroque stage machinery
  • The Historical Museum (formerly the Museum of Regional History and Folklore) cannot currently be visited due to renovation work.
  • The Gotha Research Library includes the basic holdings of the former palace library and is one of the most important national libraries with historical holdings from the 16th to 18th centuries.
  • The Gotha Research Center of the University of Erfurt for cultural and social science studies is located in the historic page house of the castle.
  • The castle church
  • The casemates are partially accessible within a guide.

The Gotha Baroque Festival has been taking place every year on the last weekend in August since 2001 in and around Schloss Friedenstein . Under the motto “Vive la joie!” (Long live joy) over 100 amateur actors let the time of Duke Friedrich III. of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg to revive. The largest baroque festival in Central Germany today emerged from the museum festival, which was held for the first time in 1988.

After a long-standing restitution dispute with the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , the amicable investment agreement between the State of Thuringia and the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and its foundations created legal security for the castle and the collections in it. On January 1st, 2004 the palace, the park and the orangery were transferred to the Thuringian Palaces and Gardens Foundation . At the same time, the Schloss Friedenstein Gotha Foundation was founded under the sponsorship of the City of Gotha and the Free State of Thuringia. This foundation brings together the collections of the Castle Museum, the Historical Museum, the Museum of Nature and the Ducal Museum and has the task of preserving the collections and making them accessible to the public.

Since 2013, the KulTourStadt Gotha GmbH has offered regular guided tours through the casemates. During a tour of the underground fortress at a depth of up to 14 m, visitors can now look at the notch chambers, the rifle galleries, the rear weirs and the counter mine shafts. The building historian Udo Hopf and volunteer colleagues uncovered around 300 meters of the northeast bastion between 2001 and 2003, which gives a good idea of ​​the overall concept due to the symmetrical structure of the complex.

Baroque Universe Gotha

The worldwide uniqueness of the baroque heritage in Gotha consists not only of the representation rooms in the castle, the Ekhof theater, the ducal museum, the castle park and the orangery. But also from the art history, historical and natural history collections that have been kept in one place for over 350 years.

In the course of a new conception of the Gotha museum landscape for the "Baroque Universe Gotha", this and its collections have been gradually restructured since 2010. In December 2009, the new art chamber opened at Friedenstein Castle. The former Ducal Museum, which had previously been used as a museum of nature for decades, was returned to its original purpose in October 2013. Since then, the most significant parts of the various art collections of the Gotha dukes, including the painting collection (including the Gotha lovers and paintings by Lucas Cranach), the Egypt and antiquities collection, porcelain and sculptures have been shown in the now Ducal Museum Gotha .

The Museum of Nature, with the exhibition areas Thuringian Forest and Ursaurier, was relocated to the rooms of Schloss Friedenstein. The first permanent exhibition entitled “Animals in the Tower” has been on view in the west tower of the castle since December 2010. In the future, the exhibition will be expanded to include three additional exhibition areas. At the same time, the historic buildings of the Justus Perthes publishing house, founded in 1785, at Justus-Perthes-Straße 3–9 were converted from 2012 to 2014 into the Perthes Forum . The construction measures with an area of ​​around 11,000 m² (€ 18.2 million) were completed in November 2014. The Perthes Forum has accommodated the depot rooms and workshops of the restorers, the library and the archive, supplemented by a reading room, as well as the extensive depot holdings of the Gotha Research Library, including the Perthes Gotha Collection , and the Thuringian State Archives Gotha . The state archive goes back directly to the ducal state archive of Saxony-Gotha founded in 1641.

In 2017, Minister of State for Culture Monika Grütters and the Thuringian Minister of Culture Benjamin-Immanuel Hoff signed a financing agreement in Berlin that provides for the renovation of Friedenstein Palace and the palace park. A total of 60 million euros will be made available over a period of 15 years. The complex construction measures are divided into four sections and should avoid planning security, unnecessary cost increases and deadline delays.

architecture

Friedenstein Castle with the original tower domes before the fire in 1678
East wing of Friedenstein Castle with baroque garden, after 1696

With Friedenstein Castle, an early Baroque four-wing complex was built on a plateau above the city of Gotha in around 13 years, which was surrounded by bastion fortifications between 1655 and 1663. The length of the north wing is 100 meters and the entire length of the east and west facade is 140 meters each. Friedenstein Palace was strongly influenced by the Italian and French palace architecture. A powerful universal building was created from a four-story main wing, two three-story side wings, two pavilion-like four-story towers and a single-story south wing. The two large stairwells were each erected in a joint-like manner at the transition from the main wing to the side wing.

The two towers initially both had pyramid roofs that were crowned with hoods . A fire destroyed the east tower in 1678, then in 1684 a domed roof with a hood was placed on the tower. In the middle of the hipped roof of the mighty north wing was a roof turret with a clock and two dials, each facing the city and the castle courtyard.

The palace building received continuous galleries and firewalls , which were then considered structural innovations. Schloss Friedenstein was planned as a central building, as requested by Duke Ernst I, to house all essential functional areas from authorities, business and supply facilities, mint, armory, stables and church to the living and representation rooms, library, art chamber and under one roof Comedy Chamber United.

In the north wing, which functioned as the corps de logis , the castle church, the court room, the large hall and the princely apartments were housed. On the upper floors of the side wings were the dining rooms and guest rooms, as well as other secondary rooms. In the east tower, part of the armory was placed on the ground floor. The upper floors were occupied by the high hall, which reached into the open roof structure. The west tower accommodated the ballroom on the ground floor and the comedy room, the art chamber and the library on the top two floors. The south wing between the two towers was used as a riding house until the end of the 18th century and then dismantled down to the arcade. Next to the eastern side wing there was also a pleasure garden until the end of the 18th century. Over the centuries, the functions and rooms of the Friedenstein changed, for example the library was housed in the east tower and the ballroom was converted into a court theater in the west tower.

Exterior design

The facade of Schloss Friedenstein is kept simple and is characterized by a strict axial window arrangement. Decorative elements are corner rustication , the sandstone frames of the windows and the cornice between the first and second floors, the gate to the former armory and the castle church portal, which is largely a spoil from Grimmenstein Castle. In addition, further spoils of Grimmenstein Castle have been inserted into the facade, one on the south side of the east pavilion, the other on the west facade of the west wing above the Marstalltor, both with the coat of arms of Johann Friedrich I of Saxony, recognizable from the one there represented, but then lost the electoral dignity of the ducal house, which was no longer included in the coat of arms after him. Half-length portraits of Duke Johann Friedrich I can be seen above the coat of arms, with the imperial sword as the hallmark of Archimareschallus and clad in the spa coat with the typical wide ermine collar.

  • Main portal (north facade)

  • Kiss of Peace (main portal)

  • Zeughausportal (east arcade)

  • Pavilion (castle courtyard)

  • Spolie (western facade)

  • Spolie (east tower)

Probably the most striking decorative element of the facade is the baroque entrance portal with the kiss of peace. The portal, which is paired by two Corinthian columns, is no longer preserved in its original state. Once there was a crown above the attic , the so-called extract. In 1650, the Duke had an allegorical depiction attached to the main portal that refers to the Peace of Westphalia . The inscription reads Friede ernehret, Unfriede consumed and is the literal reproduction of the motto of Duke Johann Casimir von Sachsen-Coburg , who had it affixed to his Ehrenburg Palace in Coburg .

The castle courtyard is surrounded by arcades . The arcade arches were each adorned with a sandstone coat of arms. These altogether 54 coats of arms are attached over the keystones of the arcades and indicate the full title of the ducal house. In detail, according to the inscription under the coat of arms, it concerns the rule Torgau, the county Gleichen, the county Arnshaugk, the county Stolberg, the county Beichlingen, the county Orlamünde, the county Mansfeld, the burgrave Kirchberg, the county Reinsberg = Bieberstein, the rule Tautenburg and the rule Salza (south gallery), the county on the narrow Gera, the county Berka, the county Groitzsch, the county Gleisberg, the rule Plauen, the rule Apolda, the rule Niederroßla, a deficit, the rule Leuchtenburg, the Herrschaft Lobdeburg, Herrschaft Rosenburg, Herrschaft Eulenburg, Herrschaft Wolkenstein, Grafschaft Ravensberg, Grafschaft Mark and Fürstete Grafschaft Henneberg (Westgalerie), Herrschaft Eisenberg, the Regalien (Bannschild), Burggrafschaft Altenburg, Herrschaft Pleißen, the Palatine County of Thuringia, the Margraviate Landsberg, the heart ogtum Jülich, the Landgraviate of Thuringia, the Duchy of Berg, the Duchy of Cleve and the Duchy of Jülich (north gallery) as well as the Duchy of Saxony, the Archmarschallamt and the Electorate, the Palatine County of Saxony, the County of Brehna, the Burgraviate of Magdeburg, a missing part, the Burgraviate Meißen, the County of Eckartsberga, the County of Rochlitz, the County and Lordship of Colditz, the County of Wettin, the Burgraviate of Zörbig, the County of Weißenfels, a deficit, the County of Schwarzburg and the Lordship of Kapellendorf (east gallery). 25 coats of arms have been renewed to this day. Four coat of arms stones are completely missing, one is double (Duchy of Jülich, once instead of the Margraviate of Meißen, which should actually be there), so that there are three gaps in the row. The pavilion-like extension with a balcony in the northeast was added in 1896. The double coat of arms on the balcony stands for Alfred Ernest Albert v. Saxony-Coburg u. Gotha (Saxon diamond shield with Great Britain and label with Cadency marks) and his wife, Marija Aleksandrowna Welikaja Knjasna Romanowa (Small coat of arms of the Russian Empire).

Interior design

Friedenstein Palace has significant room creations from the Baroque and Classicism periods . But rooms from the time of construction through to historicism have also been preserved. In addition to the premises of the castle museum, the magnificent castle church, the Ekhof theater and the coin cabinet, which is unique in Germany, should also be mentioned.

  • Ballroom

  • Audience room

  • Large rococo hall

  • So-called Napoleon's room

  • Weimar Gallery

Early baroque

During the construction work, Ernst I moved with the ducal family from the department store on the market to the new residence in 1646 . The completed Spartan apartments were located above the castle church. There is no precise evidence of the furnishings in these living spaces. Only the church gallery on the first floor and the vaulted hall from 1646 have largely been preserved in their original appearance from the time it was built.

Baroque

After Ernst I's death, his son Friedrich I had the living quarters rebuilt in 1683. The large hall (giant hall), which once reached up to the 2nd floor, was reduced in size to create new rooms, most of which have been preserved to this day. Frederick I commissioned the Italian plasterer Giovanni Caroveri (actually Giovanni Battista Garove from Bissone, Ticino) to design the rooms, including the audience room and the duke's bedchamber, which lasted until 1685. From 1686 with interruptions until 1697 the two Kurbrandenburg plasterers Samuel and Johann Peter Rust were employed in the residence. With the ballroom completed in 1697, the work of the two plasterers was finished. Friedenstein Palace had thus become the most magnificent residence in the Thuringian region. The rooms remained almost unchanged until the end of the first half of the 18th century, with the exception of modifications to the mirror cabinet, which was set up after 1730 and held parts of the valuable porcelain.

Rococo

In the Rococo period, Duke Friedrich III. Made a few redesigns. Between 1747 and 1751 Gottfried Heinrich Krohne worked out several stucco decor designs for the castle, which were carried out by Pietro Augustin and Johann Michael Güldner.

classicism

As early as 1770, the ducal apartment was relocated to the eastern side wing. This was probably due to the poor heatability of the magnificent baroque rooms and their representative character, which was outdated at the time. Particularly noteworthy are the guest rooms that adjoin the Weimar gallery in the western side wing. Between 1796 and 1799, under Ernst II, tasteful and functional rooms were furnished in the classicism style, such as the marble room, the blue room and the poet's room. The talented Gotha court sculptor Friedrich Wilhelm Eugen Döll created significant stucco work, bas-reliefs and ovens here.

From 1804, under Duke August, unusual and sometimes idiosyncratic room designs were created, such as the empire bedchamber, the lilac room and the arbor room. These extraordinary decorations are partly based on the Duke's designs.

historicism

The last two dukes who resided in Friedenstein Castle only had minor changes made to the rooms. Among other things, historicizing fixtures and imitations of baroque leather wallpapers were attached. In addition, modern sanitary facilities were built into side rooms.

Ekhof Theater

Stage of the Ekhoftheater

In the west tower of the palace is the Ekhof Theater, one of the oldest permanently operated theaters in Germany. It was founded by Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1646–1691). The theater has the only complete preserved stage machinery of the Baroque . It dates from 1685. The theater is named after its director Conrad Ekhof (1720–1778).

As part of the Ekhof Festival, baroque operas and drama performances take place every year. The highlight: All stage elements are traditionally set in motion at the bell, so that the stage is transformed as if by magic.

Castle Church

history

Entrance to the castle church (Spolie der Burg Grimmenstein, 1553)
Interior of the castle church

The castle church in the north wing was inaugurated in 1646 with the baptism of Hereditary Prince Friedrich and rebuilt in 1685–1697. It served as the court church until 1918. On the west side is the princely box with the bust of Ernst the Pious and above it a black plaque held by two angels with his motto: In silentio et spe. By being quiet and hoping you will be strong ( Isaiah 30:15  ESV ). On the east side, the altar, pulpit and organ are arranged one above the other. The stucco work was made by the Rust brothers, the ceiling paintings by Seivert Lammers (1648–1711). The organ, which was later replaced except for the case, was installed by Severin Holbeck until 1697 .

On Good Friday 1717, March 26th, Johann Sebastian Bach came to Gotha to conduct a passion music he had composed in the castle church, and on Good Friday 1725 Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel , who was court music director from 1719 to 1749, performed his version of the Brockes Passion .

Around 1800 the church received a choir gallery; Further alterations in the 19th century concerned the altar, which received an altarpiece Jesus blesses the children from Paul Emil Jacobs in 1844 , as well as the stalls. The castle church has been a parish church since 1920. Today it belongs to the parish of St. Michael / Castle of the Evangelical Lutheran City Church Community of Gotha, which is part of the provost district Eisenach-Erfurt of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany . Church services still take place on special occasions, casuals and on festive days. The church is not part of the museum tour.

organ

View of the pulpit altar and organ

The organ of the castle church was installed by the organ builder Friedrich Knauf (1802-1883) from Großtabarz in the years 1855-1856 and arranged in the early romantic style of that time. The baroque organ case, the bellows and some prospect pipes came from the previous instrument, which was built in 1692 by the Danish organ builder Severin Holbeck, who came from Zwickau. In 1905 the Gotha organ builder Hugo Böhm replaced the bellows system with a magazine bellows system that was operated by a direct current electric motor. Böhm also tuned the instrument half a tone lower and added a register to the pedal. The instrument was last extensively restored in 2015/2016. It has 28 stops on two manuals and a pedal .

I main work C – f 3
Drone 16 '
Principal 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Gedact 8th'
Viol 8th'
Note quintet 6 '
Octave 4 '
Gedact 4 '
Fifth 3 '
Octave 2 '
Mixture III 2 '
Cymbel 1'
II Swell C – f 3
Lieblich Gedact (from F) 16 '
Violin principal 8th'
Swiss flute 8th'
Slack travers 8th'
Lovely Gedact 8th'
Principal 4 '
Piano flute 4 '
Fifth 3 '
Octave 2 '
Cornett III (from c 1 ) 8th'
Pedals C – d 1
Sub bass 16 '
Violon 16 '
Quint bass 12 '
Octavbass 8th'
Octave 4 '
trombone 16 '

Princely Crypt

In 1679/80, Duke Friedrich I had the four-room princely crypt installed under the church. At least two of the rooms date from the time of the Grimmenstein Fortress and were included in the construction. The staircase entrance to the crypt is under the organ gallery, the inclined stone slide in front of the altar, via which the coffins were once lowered, is now walled up from the church interior. The Princely Crypt is not open to the public.

As the first member of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , the one-year-old daughter of Frederick I, Princess Elisabeth, who had died three days earlier from a leaf disease, was buried in the crypt on June 25, 1680 . The following members of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg found their final resting place in the royal crypt (in the order of their burial):

In the main room of the Princely Crypt (room 2) there are also ten children's coffins and two coffins for adults who have not yet been able to be assigned by name due to missing badges. However, due to their location between the coffins of members of the Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg family, they certainly contain the remains of family members who died early. It is very likely that three of them were stillborn and therefore remained nameless sons of Duchess Luise Dorothea .

The following relatives of the Princely House were also buried in the crypt and are located separately in room 3:

Two popular Gotha legends are linked to the crypt under the castle church. The Grumbach bones titled Tradition has it that the remains of the 1,567 executed in Gotha knight and adventurer William of Grumbach than 100 years after his death for unknown reasons reached the tomb. To this day, his bones are said to have stood in an inconspicuous wooden box between the princely coffins.

The legend of the ancestor of the castle (also The White Woman on the Friedenstein ) tells of how every time the ducal house was faced with a misfortune or a death, a white woman rose from the crypt and wailed through the rooms of the castle. However, it could only be seen by those directly affected by the accident. According to legend, the apparition was Duchess Dorothea Maria von Anhalt , mother of the locksmith Ernsts the Pious . However, it is not buried in the tomb at all.

See also

literature

(in chronological order)

  • Erhard Drachenberg: The architecture of the Friedenstein Castle. In: The Peace Stone. Monthly papers of the German Cultural Association. 1961, ZDB -ID 540798-9 , pp. 260-270.
  • Museums of the City of Gotha (Ed.): Schloss Friedenstein Gotha. Guide through the historical rooms. Gotha 1991.
  • Ute Däberitz, Ilona Bajorat, Rüdiger Wilfroth: Loss documentation of the Gotha art collections. Volume 1: The handicraft collections. Gold and silversmiths objects, works from precious and semi-precious stones, ivory, amber, wood as well as glass, ceramics and varia. Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha, Gotha 1997, ISBN 3-931182-52-5 .
  • Christoph Hahn, Siegmar Hohl (ed.): The great museum guide. Collections on art, culture, nature and technology in Germany. Bassermann Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 2000, ISBN 978-3-8094-5013-9 , p. 218.
  • Schloss Friedenstein Gotha Foundation (Ed.): Gothaisches Museum-Jahrbuch. Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha, Gotha 2000–2013, ISSN  2627-0641 .
  • Marc Rohrmüller: Friedenstein Castle. Architecture, distribution, equipment. In: Juliane Ricarda Brandsch (Ed.): Ernst der Fromme (1601–1675). Builder and collector. (= Catalog for the 400th birthday of Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg). Gotha-Kultur, Gotha 2001, DNB 964002019 , pp. 11-20.
  • Dieter Schnabel: The princely crypt of the castle church of Schloss Friedenstein. Truth, legend, mystery. Schnabel, Gotha 2003.
  • Roma Mildner-Spindler: The Gotha residence at the time of Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1772-1804). (= Catalog of the exhibition of the same name). Friedenstein Castle Foundation, Gotha 2004, ISBN 978-3-00-013939-0 .
  • Schloss Friedenstein Gotha Foundation (publisher): Museums of the Schloss Friedenstein Gotha Foundation. Castle Museum, Museum of Nature, Museum of Regional History and Folklore. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06620-5 .
  • Martin Eberle: The art chamber at Schloss Friedenstein Gotha. Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha, Gotha 2010, ISBN 978-3-940998-08-8 .
  • Jörn Tillmann Rieckhof Nackas: Friedenstein Castle in Gotha. Drafts for the residence of Ernst the Pious (1601–1675). Berlin 2010 (Master's thesis, Free University Berlin, 2010).
  • Allmuth Schuttwolf: Loss documentation of the Gotha art collections. Volume 2: The painting collection. Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha, Gotha 2011, ISBN 978-3-940998-12-5 .
  • Schloss Friedenstein Gotha Foundation (ed.): Fairytale castle Friedenstein Gotha tells. (= Catalog of the exhibition of the same name). Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2012, ISBN 978-3-89812-940-4 .
  • Elisabeth Dobritzsch, Roland Krischke: Schloss Friedenstein in old photographs. (= Companion volume of the exhibition Castles and Cities - the Gothaer Land in Old Photographs ). Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha, Gotha 2012, ISBN 978-3-940998-18-7 .
  • Martin Eberle: Gotha Castle Museum. Ducal apartments, art chamber, Ekhof theater. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2013, ISBN 978-3-95462-016-6 .
  • Franz Nagel, Helmut-Eberhard Paulus (ed.): Residenz Gotha. Friedenstein Palace and Gotha Ducal Park. Ten years of renovation by the Thuringian Palaces and Gardens Foundation. (= Reports of the Thuringian Palaces and Gardens Foundation. Volume 12). Imhof, Petersberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86568-976-4 .
  • Heiko Laß, Roland Krischke, Catrin Seidel: Friedenstein Castle in Gotha with a park. Official guide of the Thuringian Palaces and Gardens Foundation. 3, changed edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-422-02390-1 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Friedenstein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German-Russian Museum Dialogue (Ed.): Loss + Return. Reiter-Druck, Berlin 2008.
  2. ^ Karsten Jauch: Break with Weststahl. In: FAZ , February 25, 2009
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Hirsch: The darkest night over the Friedenstein. A loss story: Museum director Bernd Schäfer remembers the Gotha art theft in 1979 - the limitation period has now expired. In: Thüringische Landeszeitung , November 14, 2009.
  4. ↑ Pictures of the largest painting theft in the GDR from 1979 reappeared. In: MDR.de. December 6, 2019, accessed December 6, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Casemates of Schloss Friedenstein on the website of the Regionalverbund Thüringer Wald eV
  6. ^ Website of the Schloss Friedenstein Foundation
  7. ↑ Article in Gotha magazine ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Press release on the Federal Government's website
  9. ↑ To Gotha Castle Church. Information sheet from the municipality.
  10. ^ Website of the municipality
  11. ↑ Comprehensive request either wayback - or webciteID - or archive-is - or archiv-url parameters on the website of the organ building company Waltershausen
  12. ↑ Dieter Schnabel, The princely crypt of the castle church of Schloss Friedenstein. Gotha 2003, p. 11.
  13. ↑ ibid.
  14. ^ Andreas M. Cramer: The Gotha legends. Told in high German. Cramer and Kretzschmar, Gotha 2005, p. 40.
  15. ↑ Grumbach's remains at www.echt-gothsch.de
  16. ^ Andreas M. Cramer: The Gotha legends. Told in high German. Cramer and Kretzschmar, Gotha 2005, p. 52
  17. ↑ The White Woman on the Friedenstein at www.echt-gothsch.de
  18. ^ Jörn Tillmann Rieckhof Nackas: Schloss Friedenstein in Gotha. Drafts for the residence of Ernst the Pious (1601–1675). Berlin 2010. In: Primo library portal of the Free University of Berlin. Retrieved May 14, 2020 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 45 ″  N , 10 ° 42 ′ 16 ″  E