Stumbling blocks in Kirchheim unter Teck

Stumbling blocks for the Reutlinger family in front of the house at Jesinger Straße 18

The Stolpersteine ​​in Kirchheim unter Teck are special paving stones in sidewalks that are supposed to commemorate the victims of the National Socialist dictatorship in the middle town of Kirchheim unter Teck in the Baden-Württemberg district of Esslingen in Germany .

Stumbling blocks

The Stolpersteine are a project by the artist Gunter Demnig . These small memorial plaques are intended to commemorate the fate of the people who were murdered, deported , expelled or driven to suicide during National Socialism .

Stumbling blocks are cubic concrete blocks with an edge length of ten centimeters, on the top of which there is an individually labeled brass plate . As a rule, they are set into the pavement at the same level in front of the last freely chosen houses of the Nazi victims . There are now over 61,000 stones (as of July 2017) not only in Germany, but also in 21 other European countries. The Stolpersteine ​​are the largest decentralized memorial in the world.

On April 10, 2007, nine stumbling blocks and another five on February 16, 2008 were laid on the sidewalks of Kirchheim.

Note: The date under the respective picture indicates when the stone was laid.

Victims of the National Socialists in Kirchheim unter Teck

Jews

At the end of 1933, 29 people of Israelite faith were living in Kirchheim unter Teck; they were mainly merchants in clothing, shoes and textiles as well as independent traders.

The state-organized terror began with the call to boycott Jewish businesses on April 1, 1933. Between the November pogroms on November 9, 1938 and the start of the war on September 1, 1939, a large wave of emigration began. Descendants of the Kirchheim Jews now live in the USA , Argentina and Israel. Further emigrations were stopped on October 1, 1941 by an emigration ban: there was no escape for the Jewish population who remained in Kirchheim; eleven of the relocated stumbling blocks remind of them.

At the end of the war, no one of the Jewish faith lived in Kirchheim unter Teck.

Foreign workers, prisoners of war and forced laborers

In 1940, with thirteen forced laborers, also in Kirchheim unter Teck, the use of forced laborers, mainly employed in agriculture, began. By the end of the war, a total of 1,666 forced laborers came to the city, initially mainly from France, but later almost exclusively from the occupied eastern territories. Up to 90% of them were employed in Kirchheim's industry and handicrafts.

The forced laborers employed in agriculture and handicraft businesses were housed with their employers. The workers of the industrial plants were grouped together in barracks, under difficult spatial conditions and mostly with sparse food rations.

Laying stumbling blocks

Alleenstrasse 87

Coordinates “Alleenstraße 87” LIVED HERE /GERD REUTLINGER / JG. 1937 ....

LIVED HERE / HANNCHEN  / REUTLINGER  / GEB. GUTMANN / JG. 1901 / DEPORTED /? ? ?
Hannchen Gutmann was born on May 18, 1901 in Feuchtwangen, Central Franconia, as the daughter of Gustav and Mathilde Gutmann. She married the cattle dealer Sally Reutlinger (* 1895) from Haigerloch . Her twins Gerd and Rolf were born in October 1937. In 1941 Hannchen Reutlinger and her four-year-old boys were deported to Fort IX in Kaunas , where on November 25, 1941 they were “declared dead”.

LIVED HERE / ROLF REUTLINGER  / JG. 1937 ....

Dettinger Strasse 4

Coordinates “Dettinger Straße 4” HERE WOHNTE /EMIL SALMON / JG. 1888 / DEPORTED 1940 / GURS /? ? ? Emil Salmon, born on March 19, 1888 inReutlingen,lost his right armin theFirst World Warfighting for the German fatherland. He was one of the Jews who later refused to emigrate despite the threat from the Nazis. He moved with his wife and son toKarlsruhe, from where all Jews from Baden were picked up one night in October 1940 and taken to theGursinternmentcampinsouthern France. From here Emil Salmon was transferred to theAuschwitz concentration campon October 14, 1942, where he was later “declared dead”.

Dettinger Strasse 63

Coordinates “Dettinger Straße 63” LIVED HERE /WASILY /KUTSCHEROW / FORCED LABOR / ESCAPED / GOLF / 16.5.1944

LIVED HERE / ELYA RYTSCHKOW / FORCED LABOR  / ESCAPED / GOT SHOT / 05/16/1944

Eugenstrasse 22

Coordinates “Eugenstraße 22” HERE WOHNTE /SALLY REUTLINGER / JG. 1895 / ESCAPE BELGIUM / DEPORTED /? ? ? Sally, the older son of Babette and Emanuel Reutlinger, was born on September 6, 1895 inHaigerloch. He grew up with his brother Wolf in Kirchheim. After his school days, Reutlinger became a cattle dealer - like his father. From 1915 he took part in theFirst WorldWar. Due to his job, he came into conflict with the law soon after returning from the war: he was arrested by the police again and again, sat in the prisons ofLudwigsburgandSchwäbisch Halland was killed from July 11, 1935 to April 9, 1936takeninto so-called protective custodyby the police inDachau concentration camp. One year after his release he married Hannchen Gutmann fromFeuchtwangeninMiddle Franconia. The young couple lived for a short time at Kirchheimer Eugenstrasse 22, then Sally emigrated toBelgium. Wanted in a profile, he wasdiscoveredinBrusselsin 1938and deported. Later Sally Reutlinger was"pronounced dead"inAuschwitz concentration camp.

Herdfeldstrasse 49

Coordinates "Herdfeldstraße 49" LIVED HERE /STEFAN SYDORIW / JG. 1925 / TREATMENT REFUSED / KIRCHHEIM HOSPITAL / DEAD 27.2.1944

Jesinger Strasse 18

Coordinates "Jesinger Straße 18"

Clara Sarah Goldschmidt

LIVED HERE / CLARA SARAH  / GOLDSCHMIDT  / GEB. REUTLINGER / JG. 1901 / DEPORTED 1940 / GURS - AUSCHWITZ /? ? ?

Auguste Reutlinger

LIVED HERE / AUGUSTE  / REUTLINGER  / JG. 1898 / DEPORTED 1941 / RIGA /? ? ?

Babette Reutlinger

LIVED HERE / BABETTE REUTLINGER  / GEB. REUTLINGER / JG. 1860 / DEPORTED 1942 / THERESIENSTADT / AUSCHWITZ / MALY TROSTINEC /? ? ?

Wolf Reutlinger

LIVED HERE / WOLF REUTLINGER  / JG. 1901 / DEPORTIERT 1941 / DEAD ON TRANSPORT / TO RIGA
Wolf Reutlinger was born on May 18, 1901 in Kirchheim as the son of Emanuel Reutlinger and Babette Reutlinger. His siblings were Auguste, Sally and Sophie. Wolf Reutlinger moved to Haigerloch in the 1930s , was deported from there on November 27, 1941 and died on the way to Riga.

Max-Eyth-Strasse 12

Coordinates “Max-Eyth-Straße 12” LIVING HERE /HULDA BERNSTEIN / GEB. JUTKOWSKI / JG. 1924 / DEPORTED 1941 / MINSK /? ? ? Hulda Jutkowski was born on September 4, 1883 inGnesen, her parents were Isaak and Sara Jutkowski. In 1907 she marriedBernhard Bernstein (* 1882), who was one year olderin the Prussian town ofCulm. They moved toSchwetz, where their child Alfred was born on December 18, 1910. Two and a half years later, on May 11, 1913, daughter Gerda was born. Due to attacks on the Jewish population, the family moved to Kirchheim shortly after their daughter was born. With the help of theirrelatives livinginUlm, they opened a department store at Max-Eyth-Straße 12 in Kirchheim. Son Philipp was born on April 5, 1922, and daughter Jeanne two years later. In 1926 a family named Stern took over the department store. After the children had escaped or were sent to the orphanage and educational institution “Wilhelmspflege” and her husband died (January 8, 1934), Hulda lived alone in an attic of the house that had once been the family's department store. After moving several times, most recently Hulda Bernstein lived inBerlin, she was deported to Minsk on November 14, 1941, together with her 17-year-old daughter Jeanne.

HER LIVED / JEANNE BERNSTEIN  / JG. 1924 / DEPORTED 1941 / MINSK /? ? ?
Jeanne Bernstein was born on July 27, 1924 as the fourth child of her parents Hulda and Bernhard in Stuttgart . Due to hostility, surveillance and a complaint against the Bernstein family, Jeanne and her brother Philipp, who were the only of the four children still living at home, had to move out with their parents in 1933 and were taken to the Israelite orphanage and educational institution "Wilhelmspflege" near Esslingen ; Jeanne had been attending the affiliated middle school since Easter 1931. After the November pogrom, Jeanne was staying with an aunt in Stuttgart, returned to the “Wilhelmspflege” for a short time in February 1939 and then went to her mother in Berlin . From 1939 to 1940 she received an agricultural training probably in Hachshara - bearing Ahrens village in Brandenburg ; it should make it easier for Jeanne to enter Palestine later. In mid-1941, Jeanne Bernstein was obliged to work in the armaments industry and had to do forced labor at Siemens Schuckert AG . On November 14, 1941, Jeanne and her 58-year-old mother Hulda were deported to Minsk.

literature

• Joachim Rönneper : On my doorstep. “Stumbling blocks” by Gunter Demnig. A companion book . Arachne-Verlag, Gelsenkirchen 2010, ISBN 978-3-932005-40-4 .

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Kirchheim unter Teck  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Kirchheimer "Stolpersteine" at www.kirchheim-teck.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ In #Turin (Italy) the 50,000th #Stolperstein in Europe was laid today! He is reminiscent of Eleonora Levi. #Demnig @_Stolpersteine_ on January 11, 2015 on Twitter.
2. ↑ Andreas Nefzger: The trace layer. In: FAZ.net . February 7, 2014, accessed December 16, 2014 . 
3. ↑ Memory should be kept alive. In: Teckbote.de. February 14, 2008, accessed August 23, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Jewish history at www.alemannia-judaica.de; accessed on September 23, 2017
5. ↑ Prisoners of war, foreign workers, forced laborers ( memento of the original dated September 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.kirchheim-teck.de; accessed on November 2, 2017 
6. ↑ Article " Even a" Grüß Gott "was forbidden - Brigitte Kneher reports on the fate of the Jews in Kirchheim at the Schlossgymnasium " in: Der Teckbote , January 28, 2014; accessed on September 23, 2017
7. ↑ Article Das Schicksal der Reutlingers in: Der Teckbote , March 20, 2008; accessed on September 24, 2017
8. ↑ Sabine Küntzel: Jeanne Bernstein near Berlin – Минск, Unforgotten Life Stories; accessed on September 24, 2017

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap