Bible edition

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The edition of a translation of the Bible or a manuscript edition that has been edited by a publisher is referred to as a Bible edition .

Many translations are available in different editions. They differ not only in the layout , but above all in the additions to the text. For the differences between the individual translations, see Bible translation .

Some Bible translations are considered public property under copyright law and are therefore freely available. The resulting variety of inexpensive special editions is not discussed here. Likewise, the equipment of the edition (paperback, leather binding, gilt edging, etc.) is not discussed.

Urtext editions

Historical-critical editions of the Bible in the original languages ​​are the result of lengthy scientific research in the field of textual criticism . Text editions contain more or less detailed comments and information about different readings. They are intended for translators or scientists, less for private use, in church services or for reading aloud. Among the main ones available in print and online are:

  • the scientific edition of the Old Testament: Biblia Hebraica
  • the text edition of the New Testament most commonly used in science: Novum Testamentum Graece
  • the best-selling text-critical edition of the New Testament: Greek New Testament
  • The text edition by Westcott and Hort , which first appeared in 1881 and became the basis for many Bible translations, is still available in print : The New Testament in the Original Greek .
  • the majority text or Byzantine text widely used in the manuscripts was edited by Maurice A. Robinson, William G. Pierpont: The New Testament in the Original Greek. Byzantine text form.

Early translations and first prints

The Septuagint is the oldest continuous translation of the Bible. It translates the Hebrew Bible - the Tanach - into the ancient Greek everyday language and was written around 250 BC. BC to AD 100 in Hellenistic Judaism .

From several older Latin translations of the Bible, the Vulgate became the valid Bible text in the Roman Catholic Church since the 7th century .

The invention of modern letterpress goes back to Johannes Gutenberg , who introduced a complete, machine-operated printing system with movable metal letters in the middle of the 15th century . His printed, 42-line edition of the Vulgate was groundbreaking for later Bible editions :

The Mentelin Bible is the first of the pre-Lutheran German Bibles and the first ever printed version of the Bible in a vernacular .

Multilingual editions

In the 3rd century AD, Origen published the Hexapla and the Tetrapla, various original texts and translations, edited in columns, in one edition. Various parallel editions of the Bible in German and the original language exist today for academic or private use, including:

There are also editions of the NT which place the Greek text and the Vulgate next to each other, most importantly:

  • Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Kurt Aland: Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine, ISBN 3-438-05401-9

The so-called Rabbinical Bible according to Zunz and colleagues since 1839.

  • The Hebrew-German Bible , 4 volumes in a cassette; Basel: Victor Goldschmidt, 1995?
  • Book of Psalms (separate volume) Hebrew-German; Basel: Victor Goldschmidt, 1995?
  • Proverbs Salomos (Mischle) and FÜNF MEGILOT: Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Preachers, Esther (separate volume) Hebrew-German; Basel: Victor Goldschmidt, 1995?

If, in a multilingual edition, the texts are not printed column by column, but line by line word for word, one speaks of an interlinear translation . Both the Greek New Testament and the Hebrew Old Testament are available in different interlinear versions. Characteristic of interlinear translations is often the word-for-word translation and that the order and sentence structure are based on the original language and not on the usual German word order. Interlinear translations are mainly intended for language beginners and for private study, the translated texts can help to better understand the structure and certain aspects of the original text that are often lost in translations. The translations obtained in this way are often bumpy and do not offer a fluently readable text.

Facsimile editions

There is a facsimile edition of the Luther Bible 1534 based on the copy in the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar . Like the original, it contains 128 colored woodcuts from Lucas Cranach's workshop ( ISBN 3-8228-2196-9 ). A facsimile edition of the Luther Bible from 1545, the last revision in which Martin Luther himself participated, is offered by the German Bible Society under the title Biblia Germanica - Edition final hand ( ISBN 3-438-05501-5 ). Facsimile editions also exist of the first version of the English King James Bible and several other translations from the Reformation period, as well as of some manuscripts from ancient times.

  • Biblia Germanico Latina. [8] Psalter of Davidis. The Psalter of David. Two columns Latin-German, transl .: Martin Luther. Ed .: Paul Eber and Georg Maior. Contributors: Paul Crell, Witteberg, Schwertel 1565, facsimile, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-941919-77-8 (hardcover) and ISBN 978-3-88372-046-3 (softcover).

Editions with and without apocrypha

In accordance with the special status of the Old Testament apocrypha after the Reformation , Protestant Bible translations are often offered in two editions - with and without apocrypha.

  • Luther translation with apocrypha
  • Luther translation without apocrypha

Study Bibles

In addition to the text of the underlying translation, so-called study Bibles contain a large number of supplements that are intended to enable intensive examination of the text ( Bible study ). Additional introductions, explanations, concordances , chain lists (cross-reference systems), maps and overview tables can promote understanding of the text and understanding of internal biblical contexts, but can also serve to disseminate a certain denominational point of view. The focus of the various study Bibles ranges from an evangelical understanding of the text to a historical-critical analysis. These Bibles are mostly intended less for scientists than for preachers and interested laypeople. Scientists use the scientific comments, which require appropriate scientific background knowledge and knowledge of the original languages. A forerunner of these Bibles, but also of the scientific commentaries, were the extensive notes and additions of the Masoretes to the Hebrew Bible text , which can serve both as concordance , as text-critical notes or as explanations.

Illustrated Bibles

Various artists have devoted themselves in detail to the Bible and biblical narratives . The resulting cycles were reproduced by various publishers and integrated into the Bible text. There are also Bible editions with photographs.

From mustard seed bible to altar bible

There are Bible editions in many formats. These include those that fit in a coat pocket, but also large and representative altar bibles. Depending on the format and the number of pages available, the additions to the text only partially correspond to the additions to the respective standard formats. In the case of small formats, there is often no room for explanations.

Pocket editions are generally called "mustard corn Bibles " according to Mk 4,31f  ELB :

“Like a mustard seed that, when sown on the earth, is smaller than all kinds of seeds that are on the earth; and when it is sown, it rises and grows larger than any herb, and it branches large branches so that the birds of the sky can nest under its shadow. "

- Quoted from: Revised Elberfeld Bible

A variant was the miniature Bible by Franz Eugen Schlachter from 1905, which was only 1 cm thick, but had a format of 11.7 cm × 17.7 cm and managed with 728 pages. It was the classic companion Bible with a razor-sharp print in Gothic script .

Very common are pocket editions, mostly distributed free of charge, which do not contain the entire Bible, but only the New Testament and Psalter , and sometimes the Book of Proverbs .

Bible as an audio book

German Bible Society

In 2019, an unabridged audio book version of the Old and New Testament read by Rufus Beck was published by Verlag DAV, which was published by the German Bible Society.

An audio book production of the Luther Bible spoken by Reiner Unglaub - revision 1984 - has been published on 5 MP3 CDs by the German Bible Society .

A New Testament audio book of the Good News Translation has been released as a 21-hour production, in which each New Testament book is continuously read by a narrator.

Another audio Bible from the German Bible Society is The Great Audio Bible . The Luther Bible, spoken with over 80 well-known speakers in distributed roles, is the first fully dramatized recording of the Luther Bible.

insignia

A German-language complete edition of the Holy Scriptures in a uniform translation was published on 100 CDs by the insignia publishing house.

Sermon-Online

The Sermon-Online database provides free audio book productions of the Revised Luther Bible from NT 1956 / AT 1964, the Unrevised Elberfeld Bible from 1927, as well as parts of the New Testament of the New Geneva Translation for free download.

schlachter2000.de

The audio book version of Schlachter 2000, spoken by Hanno Herzler and published by CLV-Verlag, can also be heard online free of charge.

German audio Bible

Deutsche Audiobibel, a project by Family Radio Germany , has also put a downloadable audio Bible online.

Diogenes Publishing House

Further complete editions of the Bible as audio books have been published in MP3 format by the Swiss Diogenes Verlag (Elberfeld translation) and by Zweiausendeins (Luther translation, revision 1912).

Aretinus Gesellschaft für Musikarchivierung mbH

The entire Luther Bible in the revised version from 1912 is available in MP3 format on two DVDs . All books of the Old and New Testaments are read by well-known speakers such as Burkhard Behnke, Johannes Gabriel, Wolfgang Gerber, Patrick Imhof and Peter Sodann . It was published in 2006/2007 by the Aretinus Society for Music Archiving, Berlin; ISBN 978-3-939107-50-7 .

Audio teaching

On the website of Audioteaching.org all books of the New Testament are offered individually or chapter by chapter for download in MP3 format, both in the reading of the unrevised Elberfeld Bible from 1871, the English King James Version and the French translation according to John Nelson Darby .

Bibleserver

On the website Bibleserver.com there is a publicly accessible, German-language audio Bible, the text of which has been compiled from various translations and versions. The copyright of the Bible texts lies with the respective copyright holder - the copyright for the audio version lies with ERF Switzerland.

Audiotreasure, Believersresource

There are also other foreign-language audio Bibles for free download on the AudioTreasure and BelieversResource pages.

New life audio bible

The New Life Audio Bible is an audio Bible produced by ERF Medien from 2012. The main texts are spoken by Heiko Grauel ; there is also a small introduction to every book, spoken by Jürgen Werth .

New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures

The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures , the translation of the Bible by Jehovah's Witnesses , can be downloaded free of charge in books or chapters in German and 22 other languages ​​in MP3 or AAC format and listened to online. Copyright lies with the Watchtower Society .

Audio Bible NIV

The Audio-Bibel NeÜ website offers the complete New Evangelistic Translation , translated by Karl-Heinz Vanheiden , read by Holger Hönle, as MP3 files for free download under a Creative Commons license.

LibriVox

Parts of the Bible that have been posted by LibriVox are also available free of charge .

Bibles for the blind and visually impaired

Individual books of the Bible or the entire Bible are available in Braille at the umbrella organization for the Protestant pastoral care for the blind and visually impaired - DeBess .

Large print editions of the widely used Bible translations (standard translation, Luther Bible, revised Elberfeld Bible) exist that are suitable for use by the visually impaired.

Bible in sign language

The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in the American Sign Language (ASL) is the first complete Bible in sign language for not listening and hard hearing is humans. It can be viewed on the jw.org website .

Bible programs and electronic editions

For computer-aided work with the Bible, there is free and paid software in many languages ​​for different requirements, see Bible program .

In the Internet are some Bible translations available online. On the Bibleserver.com page you will find 13 current German and 30 foreign translations. The editorial team of BasisBibel publishes the already translated parts of the Bible on their website. The Volxbibel can also be read online and the latest version can be electronically exported free of charge. Many newer translations are protected by copyright, so mostly only older translations can be offered on the Internet.

Web links

Wiktionary: Bible edition  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Online edition of the Biblia Hebraica
  2. ^ Online edition of the Novum Testamentum Graece
  3. ^ Online edition of the Septuagint
  4. ↑ Online edition of the Vulgate
  5. ^ Online digital version of the Mentelin Bible
  6. ↑ Internet resource on sermon-online.de ( Memento from May 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) ( ZIP ; 42.5 MB)
  7. ↑ Peter Stoll: The letter to the Ephesians in the illustrated Bible of Johannes Buno . Augsburg 2012 full text
  8. ↑ Luther Bible as audio book - God sounds like Rufus Beck. Retrieved on May 21, 2020 (German).
  9. ↑ Luther NT-1956 AT-1964 in mp3, RealAudio and zip format on Sermon-Online ( Memento from May 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Unrevised Elberfeld translation 1927 in mp3 and zip format on Sermon-Online ( Memento from May 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ New Geneva translation in mp3 and zip format on Sermon-Online ( Memento from June 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Online Audiobible Schlachter 2000
  13. ↑ German Audiobible. Retrieved July 12, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Diogenes Verlag - The Bible Complete Edition. Retrieved April 9, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Downloads on audioteaching.org
  16. ↑ Hörbibel on Bibleserver.com : Under “1. Select translation "select the last entry (" Hörbibel ")
  17. ↑ Offers on audiotreasure.com and believersresource.com ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ jw.org : Audio Bible of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, published by Jehovah's Witnesses
  19. ↑ Audio Bible NIV
  20. ↑ See catalog search .
  21. ↑ DeBeSS umbrella organization of Protestant Blind and Visually Impaired Protestant Chaplaincy
  22. ↑ Basic Bible. Retrieved May 21, 2020 .
  23. ↑ Volxbibel Wiki . Website of the Volxbibel Wiki. Retrieved August 27, 2015.