Tabernaemontana

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Tabernaemontana
Tabernaemontana cerifera

Tabernaemontana cerifera

Systematics
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Dog poison family (Apocynaceae)
Subfamily : Rauvolfioideae
Tribe : Tabernaemontaneae
Sub tribus : Tabernaemontaninae
Genre : Tabernaemontana
Scientific name
Tabernaemontana
Plum. ex L.

Tabernaemontana is a genus of plants withinthe dog venom family (Apocynaceae). The 100 to 120 species arewidespreadin the tropics to subtropics around the world.

description

Illustration of Tabernaemontana persicariifolia
Branch with simple leaves and milky sap of Tabernaemontana citrifolia
Illustration by Tabernaemontana pandacaqui from Blanco
Five-fold flowers of Tabernaemontana orientalis
Illustration from On the Apocynaceae of South America, with some preliminary remarks on the whole family , 1878 from left Tabernaemontana hystrix and right Tabernaemontana undulata
Branch with closed follicles of Tabernaemontana alternifolia
Ripe, open fruits with seeds of Tabernaemontana alternifolia

Vegetative characteristics

In Tabernaemontana TYPES are small trees or shrubs , reach stature heights of usually 2 to 8 meters. They all have a white milky juice . The trunks are dichotomously branched.

The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The dark green, glossy, simple leaf blades are linear, ovate or elliptical with a smooth leaf margin. There is often an ochrea on the petiole . Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are seldom solitary, usually too many in lateral, zymous , umbrella-clustered or umbellate inflorescences . There are cover sheets .

The hermaphrodite, mostly relatively small and fragrant flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused with tubes for at most half their length and there are few to many glands at their base; the calyx lobes are significantly longer than the upright calyx tube. The five cream-colored petals are fused together like a saucer; the long, narrow corolla tube widens in a funnel-shaped manner approximately from the middle. The corolla lobes are significantly shorter than the corolla tube. The expanded corolla lobes are clearly rotated in one direction and overlap there. There is only one circle with five stamens . The short to barely recognizable stamens have not grown together and are inserted in the enlarged part of the corolla tube, from which the stamens do not protrude. The anthers are elongated or narrow triangular. There is no discus . There are two free carpels above each flower , which contain many ovules . The stylus are thread-shaped.

The follicles usually contain many (1 to 50) seeds. The seeds have a red or orange, fleshy aril (seed coat). Because of this aril, the fruits of some species seem to be filled with an irregular “pulp”.

Systematics and occurrence

Branch with simple leaves and inflorescences of Tabernaemontana africana
Branch with simple leaves, inflorescence and five-fold flowers of Tabernaemontana alba
Closed and open fruits of Tabernaemontana catharinensis
Branch with simple leaves, inflorescence, stalked flower buds and open flowers of Tabernaemontana citrifolia
A pair of unripe fruits from Tabernaemontana citrifolia
Foliage leaves and fruits of Tabernaemontana crassa
Habit of the butterfly garden ( Tabernaemontana divaricata )
Open fruits of Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
Fruit of the dainty toad tree ( Tabernaemontana elegans )
Inflorescence of Tabernaemontana flavicans
Foliage leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana glabra
A pair of unripe fruits of Tabernaemontana hystrix
Tabernaemontana litoralis
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui
Branch with leaves and fruits of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui
Tabernaemontana salzmannii
Tabernaemontana ventricosa

The genus Tabernaemontana was set up in 1753 by Charles Plumier in Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum , 1, pages 210-211. The generic name Tabernaemontana honors the scholar and herbalist Jacob Theodor (Jacob Ditter, 1522 - 1590), who got the Latin name of his native town Bergzabern ( Tabernaemontanus ). Synonyms for Tabernaemontana Plum. ex L. are: Anacampta Miers , Anartia Miers , Bonafousia A.DC. , Bonafousia guyanensis (Müll. Arg.) Miers , Camerunia (Pichon) Boiteau , Capuronetta Markgr. , Clerkia Neck. , Codonemma Miers , Conopharyngia G.Don , Capuronetta Markgr. , Domkeocarpa Markgr. , Ervatamia (DC.) Stapf , Gabunia Schum. ex Stapf , Hazunta Pichon , Leptopharyngia Boiteau , Merizadenia Miers , Muntafara Pichon , Ochronerium Baill. , Odontostigma A.Rich. , Oistanthera Markgr. , Pagiantha Markgr. , Pandaca Noronha ex Thouars , Pandacastrum Pichon , Peschiera A.DC. , Phrissocarpus Miers , Protogabunia Boiteau , Pterotaberna Stapf , Pterotaberna Stapf. , Quadricasaea Woodson , Reichardia Dennst. , Rejoua Gaudich. , Sarcopharyngia (Stapf) Boiteau , Stemmadenia Benth. , Stenosols (Müll. Arg.) Markgr. , Taberna Miers , Testudipes Markgr. , Woytkowskia Woodson , Tabernaemontana sect. Ervatamia DC. , Conopharyngia sect. Sarcopharyngia Stapf .

The genus Tabernaemontana is widespread in the tropics and subtropics around the world ( Africa , Asia , North and South America , Oceania ). They are usually residents of the rainforests .

There are 100 to 120 species of Tabernaemontana :

Double-flowered variety 'Flore Plena' from Tabernaemontana divaricata

use

The double-flowered variety of Tabernaemontana divaricata in particular is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens in frost-free areas and as a container plant in areas with frosts.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bingtao Li, Antony JM Leeuwenberg, David J. Middleton: Apocynaceae. : Tabernaemontana Linnaeus. , P. 152 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 .
  2. ↑ a b Tabernaemontana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Tabernaemontana. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  5. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 872).

Web links

Commons : Tabernaemontana  - collection of images, videos and audio files