Toluca de Lerdo
| Toluca | ||
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Coordinates: 19 ° 18 ′ N , 99 ° 39 ′ W Toluca on the map of Mexico
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Mexico | |
| State | México | |
| Municipio | Toluca | |
| City foundation | March 19, 1527 | |
| Residents | 489,333 (2010) | |
| - in the metropolitan area | 819,561 | |
| City insignia | ||
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| Detailed data | ||
| surface | 420.1 km² | |
| Population density | 1164.8 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| height | 2638 m | |
| Post Code | 50000 - 50293 | |
| prefix | (+52) 722 | |
| Time zone | UTC −6 | |
| City Presidency | Fernando Zamora Morales | |
| Website | ||
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Toluca (official name: Toluca de Lerdo ) is the capital of the central Mexican state México and the municipality of the same name Toluca .
Geography and climate
The rapidly growing state capital Toluca had 489,333 inhabitants in 2010. Toluca is located about 65 km southwest of Mexico City in the Matlatzinco Valley on the Lerma River at an altitude of 2638 m. The metropolitan area around Toluca de Lerdo, the Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca , in which over a million people live, is one of the most important agglomerations in Mexico.
Due to the high altitude, the local climate is temperate-semi-humid (semi-humid) with an average annual temperature of 13.5 ° C and an average annual rainfall of 737.6 mm. Frost can occur in winter.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Toluca
Source: CONAGUA
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history
The name of the city is derived from the Nahuatl name Tollocan , the formation of which can be explained as follows: The basic word is tōlin , "rush", expanded by the assimilated noun suffix yo ' , to an adjectival meaning, and the locative suffix can . The meaning is "place with many rushes". The colonial settlement of Toluca was founded in the early 16th century by European missionaries . During the colonial era, the city developed into an important trading center for agricultural products from the region.
Politics and administration
The city is the seat of the government of the state of México.
Tolucas mayor for the 2016-2018 term is Fernando Zamora Morales.
Economy and Transport
The past decades in Toluca, as in many other places in Mexico, were characterized by a rapid change in the economic structure that is still ongoing - away from an economy traditionally based on agriculture and handicrafts towards a modern industrial and service society. Today, numerous national and international large companies are based in Toluca, such as B. FCA México , General Motors or Nestlé , Alpla , Henkel , Bosch and Bayer AG , whose production facilities are concentrated in four large industrial parks. Today 1.2% of the Mexican gross domestic product or 12.5% of the economic output of the state of México is generated within the city limits of Toluca .
Toluca is connected to Mexico City and Guadalajara by a motorway and has an international airport ( Toluca Airport ).
Culture and sights
With its twelve museums, two theaters and over 20 cinemas, Toluca has a rich cultural and leisure offer. Classical concerts by the Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado de México are held every Friday in the Sala Felipe Villanueva concert hall . The large ensemble is one of the best ensembles in the country and has also been celebrated internationally.
One of the most famous attractions in Toluca is the botanical garden. The botanical garden tells on its stained glass windows, which are among the largest in the world, the origins and demise of man. It is located in the immediate city center of Toluca.
Other important sights include a. the old town, which dates back to the 16th century, the cathedral of the Roman Catholic diocese of Toluca and the numerous markets where traditional handicrafts of the Indian population are offered. Among other things, the municipality of Metepec, which is adjacent to Toluca in the southeast, is known for this with a high cultural and artistic offer.
The archaeological zone of Calixtlahuaca, not far from Toluca de Lerdos, with ruins that have, among other things, Toltec influences, is Toluca's most important pre-Columbian monument. Not far from Toluca, still in the municipality, is the Nevado de Toluca volcano or in Nahuatl Xinantécatl . The volcano, which has been inactive for a long time, has a height of approx. 4650 m.
education
The educational center in Toluca is the Tecnológico de Monterrey (both university and college). The campus is equipped with the latest technology. Various components were developed there for DaimlerChrysler , for example . Every autumn a UN assembly for schoolchildren and students (TOLMUN) takes place on campus.
The University of UAM Lerma has been located in Toluca de Lerdo since 2009 . It is part of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana .
Sports
The Club Deportivo Toluca plays in the first Mexican soccer league and has its home in the 30,000-strong Bombonera in the city center.
Town twinning
Twin cities of Toluca are:
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sons and daughters of the town
- Adriana Barraza (born 1956), actress
- Javier Lozano Barragán (* 1933), Curia Cardinal, President of the Pontifical Council for Health Pastoral Care
- Diana González Barrera (1993-2019), football player
- Pablo González Casanova (* 1922), sociologist
- Gerardo Ceballos (* 1958), biologist, ecologist and conservationist
- Juan Dosal (born 1942), football player
- Jorge Rodríguez Esquivel (* 1968), football player
- Otto von Herff (1856–1916), German doctor and professor
- Salvador Mejía (* 1961), television producer
- Sigifredo Mercado (* 1968), football player
- Victoria Montero (* 1991), badminton player
- Vicente Pereda (born 1941), football player
- Ignacio Pichardo Pagaza (1935–2020), politician and diplomat
- Francisco Hernández Pineda (1927–2011), football player
- Dulce María Rodríguez (* 1972), long-distance runner
- Alejandro Solalinde (* 1945), priest and human rights activist
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ursula Dyckerhoff / Hanns J. Prem : Toponyms and ethnonyms in Classical Aztec . Von Flemming, Berlin 1990. ISBN 3-924332-06-1 , p. 26.
- ↑ db-city.com , accessed on September 19, 2017
Web links
- City Council website (in Spanish)
- The local newspaper El Sol de Toluca (in Spanish)