Globeflowers
| Globeflowers | ||||||||||||
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Lower globe flower ( Trollius pumilus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Trollius | ||||||||||||
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The globe flowers ( Trollius ) are a genus of plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). The approximately 30 species thrive in the temperate to arctic areas of the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America . The only species native to Europe is the globe flower ( Trollius europaeus ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Trollius species are perennial herbaceous plants . All species are as good as bald.
There are undergraduate and exchange constant for most species distributed on the stem leaves . The leaf stalks are shorter, the higher the leaves are on the stem. In most species, the leaves are finger-shaped divided into five to seven obovate, three-lobed sections, or at least cut very deep finger-shaped.
Generative characteristics
In terminal inflorescences there are one to three flowers together, or individually on long pedicels. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . There are five to nine sepals , rarely more , they are colored like a petal, mostly yellow, but in some species also whitish, orange or reddish, in one species also bluish-purple. They are usually broadly oval or rounded. In some species they are curved in such a way that the entire flower has a spherical shape. Most of them, however, are flat. The petals are colored similarly to the sepals, but much narrower, mostly linear to narrow oval, and nailed briefly at the base. There are nectaries just above the base of the petals .
The pelvic fruits consist of beaked follicle fruits.
Location requirements
The Trollius species occur in temperate to arctic climates . They prefer open, wet locations such as wet meadows and heavy, clayey soils.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Trollius was established by Carl von Linné . The genus Trollius belongs to the tribe Adonideae in the subfamily Ranunculoideae within the family Ranunculaceae .
The genus Trollius thrives in the temperate to arctic areas of the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America . There are 16 species in China, eight of them only there.
The genus Trollius contains about 30 species (selection):
- Kashmiri globe flower ( Trollius acaulis Lindl. ): It thrives in the Himalayas from Pakistan to western Nepal .
- Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. : It is common in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia and in the US states of Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Utah , Washington and Wyoming . It thrives in the montane to alpine altitudes at altitudes of 1200 to 3800 meters.
- Trollius altaicus C.A.Mey. : It thrives in the Altai Mountains .
- Trollius apertus Perfil. ex Igoschina : It spreads in arctic Russia and occurs in northern Europe .
- Asiatic globe flower ( Trollius asiaticus L. ): It is common in Siberia, Central Asia , Mongolia and China. It is missing in Europe.
- Narrow- flowered globe flower ( Trollius buddae Schipcz. , Syn .: Trollius stenopetalus (Regel) TGEgorova & Sipliv. ): It is widespread in northeastern Myanmar and southwestern China.
- Chinese globe flower ( Trollius chinensis Bunge ): It is found in northeastern China, east Asia, and on the Japanese island of Honshu . In China it thrives in moist mountain meadows and on alpine river banks at altitudes between 1000 and 2000 meters.
- Trollius dschungaricus rule : It is common in Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan and in the Chinese Xinjiang. In Xinjiang it thrives at altitudes between 1,800 and 3,100 meters.
- Globe flower ( Trollius europaeus L. ): It is widespread from Europe to Western Siberia .
- Trollius farreri Stapf : It thrives at altitudes between 3500 and 4700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and in the Xizang autonomous region.
- Trollius hondoensis Nakai : It occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu .
- Trollius japonicus Miq. : It is common in Japan and in the Chinese province of Jilin. In Jilin it thrives at altitudes between 1200 and 2300 meters.
- Trollius laxus Salisb. : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 500 meters in the US states Connecticut , Delaware , New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania and Ohio .
- Trollius ledebourii Rchb. : It is common in eastern Siberia , Mongolia, North Korea and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Liaoning .
- Trollius lilacinus Bunge : It thrives in the Altai Mountains.
- Trollius macropetalus F.Schmidt : It is common in North Korea , in Russia's Far East and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Liaoning and Jilin .
- Trollius micranthus hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes between 3900 and 4200 meters in Yunnan and in the Xizang Autonomous Region.
- Lower globe flower ( Trollius pumilus D.Don ): It is common in the Himalayas of Bhutan , Nepal , Sikkim , Myanmar and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai , Sichuan and Tibet. It thrives in China in moist meadows and snow valleys at altitudes between 2300 and 4800 meters.
- Trollius ranunculinus (Sm.) Stearn : It is distributed from Turkey over the Caucasus to Iran .
- Trollius ranunculoides Hemsl. : It thrives at altitudes between 2900 and 4100 meters in western China.
- Trollius riederianus fish. & CAMey. : It is distributed from East Asia via Japan and the Aleutian Islands to Alaska . It thrives in damp meadows.
- Trollius taihasenzanensis Masam. : It thrives only in Taiwan at altitudes between 3200 and 3900 meters.
- Trollius vaginatus Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives at altitudes between 300 and 4200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan.
- Yunnan globe flower ( Trollius yunnanensis (Franch.) Ulbr. ): It only thrives in Yunnan on stony alpine meadows and in open forests at altitudes between 1900 and 4250 meters.
literature
- Li Liangqian, Michio Tamura: Trollius. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 , pp. 137 (English, online - PDF file ).
- Bruce D. Parfitt: Trollius. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 189-190 (English, online ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Bruce D. Parfitt: Trollius. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 189-190 (English, online ).
- ^ W. Antkowiak, I. Maciejewska-Rutkowska, AM Jagodziński, D. Kayzer & M. Klimko: Variation of Seed Morphology of Trollius europaeus L. and Trollius altissimus Crantz (Ranunculaceae). In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae , Volume 79, Number 2, 2010, pp. 117-123, ( digitized version ).
- ^ A b Trollius in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Li Liangqian, Michio Tamura: Trollius. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 , pp. 137 (English, online - PDF file ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ a b Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 8. Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 , p. 39.
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
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