Tschernitz (district)
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Tschernitz
community Tschernitz
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| Height : | 135 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 7.58 km² |
| Residents : | 887 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 117 inhabitants / km² |
| Postal code : | 03130 |
| Area code : | 035600 |
Tschernitz ( Lower Sorbian Cersk ) is a district of the municipality of the same name in Tschernitz in the Spree-Neisse district in Brandenburg .
location
Tschernitz is located in Niederlausitz, immediately north of the border with Saxony . The city of Spremberg is about ten kilometers and the border with Poland about five kilometers away. Surrounding villages are the town of Döbern in the north, the district of Jerischke belonging to the municipality of Neiße-Malxetal in the northeast, the Jämlitz-Klein Düben districts of Zschorno and Jämlitz in the east and Klein Düben in the south, and Groß Düben in the Saxon district of Görlitz in the southwest, Wolfshain and Hinterberge in the west and the district of Friedrichshain in the northwest, which belongs to the municipality of Felixsee .
By Tschernitz which runs Federal Highway 156 , the federal highway 115 runs northeast of the town.
history
Tschernitz was laid out as a Wendish settlement and was first mentioned as Tzermenitz on October 20, 1283 in a letter from Meissen Landgrave Heinrich the Illustrious . Other well-known spellings were Cerniske , Tschirnik , Zernitz , Zernischke or Zerniczk , until 1937 the place was officially called Tzschernitz , when the National Socialists changed the spelling to today's Tschernitz. The place name, which comes from Sorbian , is derived from the word cermnica and means settlement on red soil .
In the 14th century Tschernitz was enfeoffed by the Lords of Hackenborn from Priebus . In 1429 Duke Johann von Sagan got the rule of Priebus as a fief for his services in the fight against the Hussites , whereby this came to Silesia . Tschernitz then formed a Silesian enclave within the Kingdom of Saxony . Around 1500 Valentin von Berge was enfeoffed with Tschernitz by the dukes Johann and Georg von Sagan. Between 1670 and 1792 the lords of Dyherrn owned the manor.
Before the Thirty Years' War there were ten farmers , four gardeners and four Büdner living in Tschernitz . As a result of the war and the plague , the population fell sharply over the next few years, and eight farms were destroyed in 1653. A glassworks was built in 1829, and two watermills were listed in 1840 . In 1820 Tschernitz, which does not have its own village church, was parish off to Dubraucke . In 1939 Tschernitz had 1,499 inhabitants, during the Second World War this number fell to 1,289 inhabitants in 1946.
Until the first half of the 19th century Tschernitz was a village with predominantly Sorbian-speaking inhabitants. Arnošt Muka had a total of 632 inhabitants in the village in the 1880s, 35 of whom were Sorbs (6%). In 1954 Ernst Tschernik had 1,486 inhabitants and only four Sorbian-speaking inhabitants and three inhabitants with a knowledge of Sorbian, including two children, which corresponds to a share of only 0.6%.
After the Congress of Vienna , Niederlausitz passed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 . 1,816 new groups were formed, Tschernitz was with parts of the former district of Guben and the registrar gentlemen Sorau , Triebel , forestry and Pförten the district Sorau merged. After the Second World War, Tschernitz was assigned to the Spremberg district , which was in the Cottbus district from July 1952 . In the course of the Brandenburg district reform of December 6, 1993, Tschernitz came to the Spree-Neisse district . On October 26, 2003, the merger with Wolfshain took place to form the new municipality of Tschernitz . Tschernitz has been part of the Döbern-Land office since July 14, 1992 .
Population development
| Population development in Tschernitz from 1875 to 2002 | |||||
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| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
| 1875 | 661 | 1939 | 1,500 | 1981 | 1,156 |
| 1890 | 709 | 1946 | 1,289 | 1985 | 1,374 |
| 1910 | 1,391 | 1950 | 1,487 | 1989 | 1,466 |
| 1925 | 1,429 | 1964 | 1,268 | 1995 | 1,518 |
| 1933 | 1,417 | 1971 | 1.313 | 2002 | 1,305 |
coat of arms
In 2006 Tschernitz tried to get a district coat of arms and an official flag approved. The Ministry of the Interior of the State of Brandenburg refused to approve the coat of arms, however, because the coat of arms of an individual district is not provided for in the ordinance on municipal emblems. Thus, the coat of arms is not an official emblem, the Tschernitz district only uses it for representative purposes.
Blazon :
- Split by a main shield post quartered with gold and blue ; in front a half-right black eagle floating freely in gold, on the chest covered with a lying silver crescent moon; at the back a silver glass bottle in red over three golden flames growing from the base of the shield.
The main shield post is reminiscent of a "T", the first letter of the place name. The half eagle refers to the historical affiliation of the community to the Principality of Sagan . The tribal coat of arms of the Sagan family shows the Silesian eagle with a crescent moon, which also appears in the coat of arms of the district. The flames and the representation of a typical technical glass from older Tschernitz production symbolize the commercial tradition of the former glassworks in the village.
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar .
economy
In 1984 a color television piston factory started production in Tschernitz. In 1994 the trust company was taken over by Samsung , but in 2007 Samsung withdrew. GMB Glasmanufaktur Brandenburg has been based in Tschernitz since 2008.
Personalities
- Fedor von Goldammer (1809–1862), mayor of Grevenbroich , later of Odenkirchen
- Erich Melcher (1892–1944), politician and trade unionist, ( KPD , SAPD )
- Winfried Florian (1926–2012), administrative lawyer, State Secretary in the Federal Postal Ministry
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Facts and Figures. In: amt-doebern-land.de. Office Döbern-Land, accessed on March 25, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c The story of Tschernitz. In: gemeinde-tschernitz.de. Tschernitz community, accessed on January 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning . be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, p. 171 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995.
- ↑ Tschernitz in the historical directory. Retrieved January 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. (PDF; 331 kB) District Spree-Neisse. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics State of Brandenburg, December 2006, accessed on January 14, 2018 .
- ↑ German municipal coat of arms show: Tschernitz, Municipality of Tschernitz , accessed on January 14, 2018.
annotation
- ↑ There is currently (January 2018) no official blazon.