Villa von der Heydt (Bad Godesberg)

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The north-facing entrance side of the villa
The terrace on the main facade offers a view to the east over the park, the adjoining Bismarck tower and the Rhine valley near Königswinter

The von der Heydt villa (also Schloss auf dem Wacholder and Stella Rheni ) in the Alt-Godesberg district of Bonn is located on Wacholderhöhe at Elisabethstraße 18. The von der Heydt family's summer residence, built at the end of the 19th century , was given to the Jesuit order in 1927 sold, who built a private school with boarding school - the Aloisiuskolleg - in the spacious park . The villa, including the historic outbuildings and park, has been a listed building since 2006 .

history

Summer retreat for the von der Heydt family

In 1890, the Berlin-based banker Karl von der Heydt acquired 14.3 hectares of land, called "Auf dem Wacholder", a hill in the west of Bad Godesberg . As a boy, Heydt often spent the summer holidays with his grandfather Carl von der Heydt in his villa, the former electoral theater and mayor's house on the Godesberg Redoute , bought in 1861 . Karl von der Heydt wanted to build a representative summer residence for himself and his family on the newly acquired property, which provided a wide view of the Rhine landscape around the Drachenfels . He commissioned the Elberfeld architects Heinrich Plange and Friedrich Hagenberg with the construction of a castle-like property. The extensive park was planned by the court garden director Hermann Walter (who worked in Kronberg im Taunus at the time) and was carried out by the garden architect Fritz Gude.

On June 17, 1891 Heydt submitted his building application to the then Godesberg mayor, Anton Dengler. Approval took place on July 21 of that year. The shell was accepted in mid-February 1892. Around the summer of 1893 the villa, which had been built on the highest point of the hill, was ready for occupancy; this year can be found in the emblem above the entrance portal. To take over the new property, Heydt is said to have gone to Godesberg with his wife Elisabeth (née Wülfing, 1864–1961) to give the surprised one the keys as a present. The street from which the driveway to the newly built villa started was named Elisabethstraße after the lady of the house , the name it still bears today. From now on the family spent the summer months from May to September almost without exception in the summer residence.

In 1893 Heydt ceded a piece of his property to the city of Godesberg, thus enabling the Muffendorfer highlands to be developed. On the occasion of the championship tournament at the Congress of the German Chess Federation in 1898, Heydt organized a garden party on his property for the participants, among whom were Adolf Albin , Wilhelm Steinitz and Michail Tschigorin . At the turn of the century , Heydt donated a small part of his property in the east as a building site for a Bismarck tower to be built , which today stands opposite the entrance gate to the villa on Elisabethstrasse .

Rilke's stay

In August and September 1906, the poet Rainer Maria Rilke and his family stayed as guests in Heydt's villa. Heydt met Rilke in Berlin in 1905 and became one of his patrons . Rilke had accepted the invitation to Bad Godesberg because he was on a trip to Meudon , where he was to take up a secretarial position for the French sculptor Auguste Rodin for the winter months. Rilke encouraged Heydt to do his own literary work. At the end of his stay in the Villa von der Heydt , Rilke left a poem in the Heydt's guest book on September 11, 1906:

“Who can build a house?
The works of men build a house
and the silent feelings of women;
but the girls bloom and look out
into the related gardens.
And from dreaming and trust,
from outside and inside only the house becomes. "

In 1907 Rilke dedicated the first volume of his two-part collection of poems, Neue Gedichte , to the von der Heydt couple.

First World War and the interwar period

During the First World War , Heydt made parts of his property available for use as a field hospital ; Carl Brockhaus worked here as chief physician. In the later years of his life, Heydt gave up his banking activities. The Berliner Bank was transferred to the private bank Delbrück, Schickler and Co. , in which his son-in-law Imre Karl Michael Julius Freiherr von Palm (1884-1949) became a partner. The Heydts' Berlin villa on the Landwehr Canal was sold in 1919; Heydt now moved entirely to Bad Godesberg. He died on August 9, 1922 in his villa on the Wacholderhöhe. As an active participant in Godesberg's social life, his widow no longer wanted to live on the somewhat remote and too large property and moved into the family property on the Redoute, which is just under 1000 meters away, to which her daughter, Gerda de Weerth (1894–1995) later moved. should move in. The villa on the Wacholderhöhe stood empty for several years, in 1926 Elisabeth von der Heydt sold it to the Jesuit order. Presumably she was working on behalf of her son-in-law Imre von Palm, who was already shown as the owner in the city map at the time.

Aloisius College

In the park of the property acquired in 1926, the Jesuit order had a large, modern school building with boarding and commercial rooms as well as a multi-purpose gym and sports fields built from 1927 - the Aloisiuskolleg (AKO). The von der Heydt villa was henceforth known as Stella Rheni and, after being adapted, was used as a boarding school for male pupils in lower and middle grades. The character of the interior design of the stately villa was subordinated to the most efficient use possible with dormitories etc. Some of the high school boarding school students were housed in the historic hunter's house.

In 1968 the Soviet ambassador in Bonn, Semjon Zarapkin, tried to acquire the former Heydt property as an embassy building. The former Hotel Rolandseck , which had been used by the Soviet diplomats in Bonn until then , was viewed by Zarapkin as unsuitable. After the Jesuit order was rejected, the nuncio was asked by Pope Paul to the German government, Corrado Bafile , for mediation help. He couldn't do anything either.

From 1968 the new director of the boarding school, Father Ludger Stüper SJ, tried, with the support of donors and donors, on the one hand to restore the manorial character of the house in the basement, on the other hand to diversify the bedrooms and living rooms for the children and young people on the upper floors and to make it suitable for young people. He consciously used the neo-renaissance as a starting point for an aesthetic that also included the representation of the half-naked body in antiquity. While some pictures of only scantily clad boys were used to furnish the house, which Stüper had made, it became known after 2010 that for decades he had also encouraged children, with reference to this aesthetic tradition, to have them photographed naked by him. In addition, the aesthetic reference to the villa he designed served as a starting point for Stüper's abuse. The admiration for the elaborate design of the house and the flowing transitions from questionable to criminal behavior that he created through the reference to nudity in antiquity obviously protected him from exposure and open contradiction for a long time.

Since 2016, the villa has no longer been used to accommodate boarding school students, but for special celebrations and events at the school and the college; for this purpose it is also rented to outsiders (e.g. for meetings or weddings).

In 2014 the school administration of the city of Bonn offered the accommodation of war refugees in the Jägerhaus. The city refused.

The modern school complex of the Aloisius College
The hunter's house

Location and architecture

The villa is located roughly in the middle between Petersbergstrasse in the west and Elisabethstrasse in the east. The park of the complex extends to these two streets and includes tennis courts and outdoor sports facilities on the west side. The campus (school building with rotunda, chapel, building complex ProKura and AKOPRO, parking lot) of the school complex built in 1927 is located in the northern part of the park .

Outdoor area

Karl von der Heydt had the centrally located villa and the so-called “Jägerhaus” (also: Jägerhäuschen ) built in the Swiss country house style on the approximately 15 hectare park area . In addition to accommodation for the gardeners, it also included a stable and the coach house . These two buildings were designed by the architects Plange and Hagenberg. Heydt also had a greenhouse and a half-timbered barn built in the park - probably a little later. There is an elevation plan of the barn by the Jäger construction company from 1895. The barn and the greenhouse are no longer there today.

The entrance through the park to the ensemble was originally through an elaborately designed wrought-iron gate entrance in neo-baroque shapes with the initials of the client from Elisabethstrasse, which borders the property to the west. Today the main driveway to the Aloisius College is on Petersbergstrasse.

The east-facing main facade of the villa is preceded by a wide terrace. It leads via an outside staircase to a second terrace below, from which two more staircases on the sides lead to the sloping park area. The terrace extends to the south as a path around the building. In the area in front of the former billiard room located here, it was covered by a wide, no longer existing veranda. A pond with two fountains, which also no longer exists, stretched south from the terrace.

Structure

The villa designed by Plange and Hagenberg is a compact complex, which optically suggests multiple wings due to the distinctly protruding structural parts ( risalits ). It creates the impression of a spacious baroque building with echoes of the Renaissance , as can be found in French castles.

The transversely rectangular structure has predominantly symmetrical proportions. The main façade, around 30 meters long, faces east towards the sloping park with a magnificent view of the Rhine Valley. The north entrance facade and a south facade also facing the park have sides of about 24 meters. The villa has two floors above ground and a converted attic.

The surrounding walls and all inner walls were made of massive iron framework . The inner ceilings consist of T-beams with concrete ceilings between them . The mansard hipped roof , which consists of many elements, was clapboard on wooden boarding . Burrs and other decorations on the roof were made of copper or zinc . The fronts were given a stone -Verblendung.

Interior design

The ballroom with a Medusa floor mosaic

Inside the building, some rooms are remarkable: The two-storey central ballroom is crowned by a dome. From there, a view to the east of the landscape of the Siebengebirge is possible. This octagonal room is enclosed by columns with formerly gilded Corinthian capitals . The pendentive dome is cased . A round floor mosaic is an Italian work; it shows a gorgon head and relates to the mythology of Medusa . Adjacent to the domed hall is another, roughly the same size, also octagonal , albeit one-storey room. Today it is no longer preserved in its original equipment and its original purpose is therefore unclear. Presumably it was the dining room, as indicated by a dining elevator previously installed here. The third large room on the ground floor is the club or billiard room on the south side of the park. Two thirds of the walls there are covered by wood paneling with neo-Gothic elements that has been preserved. The ceiling is divided into wooden coffers. The doors to the rooms (including a library and a music room) each had a marble, red-brown frame on the corridor side with an undecorated arched field; these have largely been preserved to this day.

The bedrooms and guest rooms were on the upper floor. The stairs were made of marble and had baroque forged railings. The servants were housed in the attic, which has now been completely renovated. The style of form inside the villa is diverse. Partly baroque features show the dome and some hall ceilings. The walls are designed in a more classical style. The style of the billiard room corresponds to the taste of the historicist era .

Facades

The entrance front in the north is divided into five window axes and is emphasized by a dominant central axis. The single-axis, two-storey, projecting central risalit consists of an entrance portal with a round arch on the ground floor, a balcony above with a balustrade , a round arched window on the upper floor and a massive segmental arch above . At the level of the reserve , a tower-like tower rises above the risalits, which optically continues the central axis. The base protruding from the mansard roof is covered by a tower mansard roof with a half-story extension. Originally the tower was higher; On the present-day base there was a tall, copper-clad structure with surrounding windows and a splendidly decorated copper roof. This structure was laid down and melted down during the First World War. Later, the hull in its current form was given an appealing roof.

The east-facing main facade is also divided into five (more generous) axes and appears baroque. The risalits in the middle and on the sides, which protrude clearly here, are framed by Corinthian pilasters that extend over both floors. On the upper floor of the central projectile there is an impressive, about four meters wide, semicircular panorama window . An architrave runs below the roof . An aedicula gable rises above the central projections in front of the roof approach ; the tympanum shows a female and a male god figure. The two axes in the rear position each have a recessed balcony on the upper floor.

The south facade, which is also integrated into the park through the terrace there, is designed to be more economical. Here, too, the colossal, but not fluted pilasters are an essential design element . The west facade did not serve as a representation and is comparatively poorly shaped.

Works of art

Karl von der Heydt was an important collector and art patron. He spent his modern art works in the Bad Godesberg summer residence. Historical interior photos of the villa show Heydt's taste in terms of architecture and interior decoration with works of art. In building his collection, he was advised by Wilhelm von Bode , the then director of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin. Under the guidance of him, in addition to modern painting, he also acquired African sculptures, which were also exhibited in the Godesberg villa.

Works of art in the villa

In the ballroom there were marble sculptures by Gustav Eberlein and Wilhelm Neumann-Torborg in two niches (the goddesses Flora and Psyche were depicted ). Both artists were friends with the landlord.

In the (presumed) dining room there was a sculpture by Auguste Rodin (Frère et Sœur). Heydt had acquired it through Rilke's agency. Fritz Roeber had created a large wall painting in the form of a panorama picture (all around, above the paneling) in the billiard room . She referred to the Icelandic Edda saga.

Heydt had a special relationship with the artist Ludwig von Hofmann . He was one of the painter's first customers and bought Idyll. It was hung in the stairwell of the Godesberg villa. When the painter visited Rome in 1896, Heydt commissioned further work to decorate his villa. Heydt later wrote: “Soon afterwards I gave Hofmann an even more important assignment. Above the four doors that led from the rooms surrounding the Godesberg Hall into it, the arched marble frames had left space for four overraports , which I now asked him to fill in decoratively. ”The four overraports to be made ( Drei Mädchen am Bach, Frau am See, Young Couple and Golden Age ) completed Hofmann by 1899. In the paintings Hofmann evoked the paradisiacal harmony of man and nature after the art historian Annette Wagner-Wilke. When the villa was sold to the Jesuits, von der Heydt's widow kept the overhangs. In the 1970s, they were sold to the Cologne Wilko von Abercron. One of the paintings is now in Darmstadt, the whereabouts of the other are unknown.

In other rooms of the villa there were works of art u. a. by Bernhard Hoetger , Renée Sintenis , Max Liebermann , Lovis Corinth and Claude Monet , Walter Leistikow or Giovanni Segantini .

Artwork in the park

Fountain ensemble Faun and Nymph

Heydt also set up various works of art in his park. In a roundabout stood a limestone column dedicated to the Roman emperor Probus (inscription: “Divo Probo” - the divine Probus ). The column contained a relief by Wilhelm Neumann-Torborg, on which young people dancing pay homage to Bacchus, the god of wine . A marble bust of Probus on the column was stolen after the First World War. In 1973 the column was moved from the park of the Aloisiuskolleg to the Bad Godesberger Theaterplatz, where a pedestrian zone was created. During the implementation, the base with the inscription was renewed, but not the inscription.

Gerda de Weerth had taken a vestal statue by the sculptor and artist friend Heydts, Gustav Eberlein , with her when the villa was sold. She gave them to the Bad Godesberg district in 1970. The statue stood in front of the redoubt and grew in over time. In 2000 the Rhenish Office for Monument Preservation had the stone sculpture picked up for restoration. Since the city administration was not informed of this, there was a public investigation into the work of art that was suspected to be stolen.

In 1912 Heydt commissioned Neumann-Torborg to design a park fountain. In 1892 the artist created a “Faun and Nymph” ensemble. On a roughly one meter high stone fountain in the form of a rock stands another one meter high bronze group: the seated faunus with goat feet and a panpipe and the standing, naked nymph . Like the sculpture of the Vestal Virgin, Heydt's daughter Weerth had the fountain set up in front of her house on the Redoute . She also donated it to the municipality in 1970. On the initiative of the Bad Godesberg Association for Homeland Care and Local History, the fountain was moved to a more representative location between the Redoute and the house on the Redoute in 2013 . Since many of Neumann-Torburg's works of art were destroyed during the Second World War, the Godesberg sculpture is considered to be his most important surviving work.

Trivia

An article in the magazine Focus on the life of Stefan Raab was followed by a counter- statement by the moderator, picked up by the media , in which he rejected, among other things, the claim that he lived as a student at the Aloisius College in the Stella Rheni .

See also

Web links

Commons : Villa von der Heydt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c The von der Heydt villa. In: Yearbook Prussian Cultural Heritage. Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Grote, 1980, p. 366 f.
  2. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), number A 3830
  3. ↑ Walter Voigt: Discover Bad Godesberg on foot: Tour part 4: from the Rheinaue via Friesdorf, Schweinheim, Marienforst, Heiderhof. At: godesberger-markt.de.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Axel Kirchhoff: The architect Heinrich Plange (1857–1942): A builder of entrepreneurship in the Bergisch region. Inaugural dissertation at the Bergische Universität / GHS Wuppertal, Wuppertal 2004, pp. 144–168
  5. ↑ a b c Annette Wagner-Wilke: Ludwig von Hofmann and the mural. Inaugural dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2011, p. 49, see also footnote 173.
  6. ^ Obituary for Fritz Gude, in: Die Gartenwelt, Illustrated weekly paper for the entire horticultural sector. Volume 4, No. 28 (April 14, 1900), p. 335.
  7. ↑ According to another source, the landscape garden was designed by garden director Walter Wolters from Remscheid and executed by Godesberg garden architect Eduard Toepler. According to: Horst Heidermann : The Wuppertal Villas and Apartments - Searching for Traces on the Rhine , 2011, online PDF , p. 19, Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Wuppertal Department.
  8. ^ Claudia Keller: Abuse at the Bonn Aloisius College: System of Mitwissens . In: Der Tagesspiegel , August 8, 2013.
  9. ^ Elisabethstrasse in the Bonn street cadastre
  10. ↑ Pia Heckes: The “discovery” of Muffendorf in 19th century painting . Website: muffendorf.net , January 7, 2016.
  11. ^ Outline of the club's history. In: Chronicle. Website of the Cologne chess club Dr. Lasker 1861 e. V.
  12. ↑ Barbara Glauert-Hesse (ed.): "Paris does not", Rainer Maria Rilke and Mathilde Vollmoeller: Correspondence. Wallstein, 2001, p. 143 f.
  13. ^ Family von der Heydt. In: Portal Rheinische Geschichte, Landschaftsverband Rheinland, March 8, 2013.
  14. ^ Axel Kirchhoff: The architect Heinrich Plange (1857–1942): A builder of entrepreneurship in the Bergisch region. Inaugural dissertation at the Bergische Universität / GHS Wuppertal, Wuppertal 2004, p. 147.
  15. ^ Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Volumes 5-7, 1960, p. 83.
  16. ↑ a b c Annette Wagner-Wilke: Ludwig von Hofmann and the mural. Inaugural dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2011, p. 56, footnote 194.
  17. ↑ a b c Faun and Nymphe Brunnen ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bad-godesberg.info archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the bad-godesberg.info website .
  18. ^ Home book of the district of Bonn. Volume 2, Der Landkreis (publishing house), Bonn 1959, p. 35.
  19. ↑ A University of Trust and Loyalty Bonner General-Anzeiger, July 1, 2001
  20. ↑ Soviet message: Only with God Der Spiegel issue 32/1968, August 5, 1968
  21. ↑ Ludger Stüper: Jesuit education as a task and an opportunity. Experiences at the Aloisiuskolleg Bad Godesberg. In: Ignatian. Edited by Michael Sievernich and Günter Switek, Herder Verlag, 1990, pp. 543–556, here 550.
  22. ↑ Ex-pupil reports in EXPRESS Die Knabengalerie des Ako-Father Kölner Express November 9, 2010
  23. ↑ Julia Zinsmeister, Petra Ladenburger and Inge Mitlacher: Serious border violations to the detriment of children and young people in the Aloisius College Bonn - Bad Godesberg: Final report on the investigation on behalf of the German Province of the Jesuits. Research group Aloisiuskolleg, final report 2/2011. P. 56 f.
  24. ↑ Jesuit College in Bonn Refugees should not be in the Ako Bonner General-Anzeiger, August 22, 2014
  25. ^ Gymnasium and boarding school for girls and boys. Prospectus of the Aloisiuskolleg (ed.), Undated.
  26. ↑ Horst Heidermann : Godesberg's grid - a declaration of love . In: Godesberger Heimatblätter: Annual issue of the Association for Home Care and Home History Bad Godesberg eV , ISSN  0436-1024 , Issue 46 (2008), Association for Home Care and Home History Bad Godesberg , Bad Godesberg 2009, pp. 5–33 (here: p. 11 ).
  27. ↑ Sabine Fehlemann and Rainer Stamm: The von der Heydts: Bankers, Christians and Patrons. ISBN 978-3-92876-6-494 , Müller and Busmann, 2001, p. 120.
  28. ↑ Annette Wagner-Wilke: Ludwig von Hofmann and the mural. Inaugural dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau 2011, p. 50, footnote 175.
  29. ↑ Ingeborg Schnack and Renate Scharffenberg (eds.): Rainer Maria Rilke, Karl von der Heydt, Elisabeth von der Heydt: The letters to Karl and Elisabeth von der Heydt, 1905–1922, Insel Verlag. 1986
  30. ↑ a b c d e Annette Wagner-Wilke: Ludwig von Hofmann and the mural. Inaugural dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau 2011, p. 51, footnote 179.
  31. ↑ According to another statement, the sculptures were made of white limestone .
  32. ^ Kuno Graf Hardenberg : The museum hall in Weimar: On the III. German arts and crafts exhibition Dresden 1906. In: Alex Koch (Hrsg.): German art and decoration. Volume 18 (April-September 1906), p. 675
  33. ↑ Herta Hesse-Frielinghaus (ed.): Gerhart Hauptmann, Ludwig v. Hofmann: Correspondence, 1894–1944. ISBN 978-3-41601-7-145 , Bouvier, 1983.
  34. ↑ a b Mathias Nofze: New Chairman and new Heimatblätter ( Memento of 9 May 2016 Web archive archive.today ), Association for home care and local history Bad Godesberg .
  35. ↑ Annette Wagner-Wilke: "Soon afterwards I gave Hofmann an even more important commission": Ludwig von Hofmann's overhead portals as a contribution to decorating the "Villa Wacholderhöhe" Karl von der Heydts in Godesberg . In: Godesberger Heimatblätter: Annual issue of the Association for Heimatpflege und Heimatgeschichte Bad Godesberg eV , ISSN  0436-1024 , Issue 46 (2008), Association for Heimatpflege und Heimatgeschichte Bad Godesberg , Bad Godesberg 2009, p. 49-79 (here: p. 78 / 79).
  36. ↑ Horst Heidermann : The Wuppertal villas and apartments - search for traces on the Rhine. P. 19 f. ( Memento of the original of July 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Bergischer Geschichtsverein, Wuppertal Department. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bgv-wuppertal.de
  37. ↑ Michael Wenze: Redoute in Bad Godesberg: Fountain “Faun and Nymph” ekes out a shadowy existence. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger , January 3, 2013.
  38. ^ Alfred Schmelzeisen: A Piece of Godesberg History: The History of the Probus Column ( Memento from May 8, 2016 in the web archive archive.today ), Association for Homeland Care and Local History Bad Godesberg, December 20, 2014.
  39. ↑ Missing Vestal Virgin is back. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger , December 15, 2000.
  40. ↑ The last final work on the fountain was not made until 1900, according to Inscription on the bronze base.
  41. ↑ Antje Hildebrandt: How TV celebrities like Stefan Raab try to control the reporting about themselves: Counter-representation with cucumber. November 20, 2010, Berliner Zeitung .
  42. ↑ Kendra Stenzel: Stefan Raab and the "Focus" - the bizarre counter-statement Who owns the Mettbrötchen? May 18, 2015, Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger .


Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 30.9 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 54.8 ″  E