Free beer

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German language label from Free Beer v3.0 from Bozen
Close up of a bottle of Free Beer " St Austell " (version 3.2) with English label and ausgeschenktem beer with foam crown (2007)
Filled free beer bottles with different recipe and label variants, which have been brewed since 2005
Superflex Workshop : "Free Beer Factory" at the Taipei Biennial 2010 in Taipei , Taiwan (2010)

Free Beer , originally Vores Øl - An Open Source Beer ( Danish for our beer ) is a beer whose recipe and brand elements under a Creative Commons - License is freely available.

At the end of 2004, students from the IT University of Copenhagen worked with the Danish artist group Superflex to develop the free beer concept to show how the open source concept can be applied outside of the digital world . Conversely, however, it also shows the connection between the ancient tradition of freely exchanging cooking recipes with the culture of the FOSS movement , which tries to establish the same tradition for the “recipes” of software, the source texts . It is considered the first beer for which the recipe and brand elements were placed under an open source license . Later, many brewers (including larger commercial breweries) followed suit and made beer recipes public and under free licenses.

concept

In December 2004, the open source beer concept was presented on the Internet for the first time by students from the IT University of Copenhagen together with the Danish artist group Superflex. Before that, they had brewed, filled and labeled the first 100 liters of their dark beer in the cafeteria of their university. The beer recipe and branding elements, such as lettering and label , were published under the Creative Commons Attribution / Share Alike 2.5 license . The recipe and brand can be modified according to your own wishes and the sale of the beer is also permitted in compliance with the license provisions. The slogan of the first free beer Vores Øl (Danish: 'Our beer') was originally an advertising slogan of the Danish brewery Carlsberg from 1994, which was adopted. Because pure cooking recipes are not worthy of copyright protection, unlike software, the effectiveness of the share-alike / copyleft licensing approach must be viewed carefully and has not yet been tested in court.

The beer should have an alcohol content of around 6% after preparation . In contrast to conventional beers, there is also guarana as an additive , which should also have an encouraging effect due to the caffeine content . The introduction of guarana in beer also goes back to a previous Superflex project from 2003, "Guaraná Power", in which Superflex supported a Brazilian guarana farmers' community through fair trade .

The concept is further developed under the name Free Beer and classified as open source beer, thus using elements of two movements, the free software as well as the open source movement . The use of the name "Free Beer" may have been influenced by Richard Stallman's suggestion , who recommended producing a Free Software Movement beer instead of an open source beer . The name Free Beer is an allusion to the distinction in free software and freeware between free as in freedom (free as in freedom ) and free as in beer (free as in free beer , so here for free ). Because the recipe is under a free license , the beer is "free as in freedom", but not necessarily free, so not "free as in free beer " (according to the definition of free software).

The colorful artwork and label design (“no color twice”) developed for “Free Beer” breaks with the usual coloring schemes for products and thus alludes to the artistic liberation of the 1960s and is intended to underline the freedom aspect of the concept.

Thanks to the free viewing of the recipe and its CC-BY-SA license, which allows for the republication of recipe variations, the brewing process and the composition has been continuously improved in the years since the first publication, which is reflected in the current version number 4.1.

Versions

version Code name date Brewery / note
FREE BEER version 6.0 "The Atlantic Brew" October 30, 2017 Summerskills Brewery in Devonport (Plymouth)
FREE BEER version 4.1 August 25, 2010 Brewery in Huntington Beach , California
FREE BEER version 4.1 Artspace October 2008 Steam Brewing Company in Auckland City-Newton , Auckland , New Zealand
FREE BEER version 4.0 SKANDS September 2008 Skands microbrewery in Brøndby , Denmark
FREE BEER version 3.5 Hops & Barley March 2008 From the Hops & Barley microbrewery in Berlin-Friedrichshain , Germany .
FREE BEER versão 3.4 Germania November 2007 Arnaldo Ribero and Germania Brewery in São Paulo , Brazil
FREE BEER version 3.3 Linghzi November 2007 in collaboration with Everything Mushroom, Knoxville , Tennessee
FREE BEER version 3.2 St Austell July 2007 " St Austell Brewery" in Cornwall , England
FREE BEER version 3.0 Skands June 2006 Skands microbrewery in Brøndby , Denmark (and others)
FREE BEER version 2.1 Apollo August 2006 Apollo microbrewery in Copenhagen
FREE BEER version 2.0 Apollo 2005 Apollo microbrewery in Copenhagen
FREE BEER version 1.5 Samvirke ? for brewing at home suitable; for 25 liters
FREE BEER version 1.1 FREE BEER May 20, 2005 For the first time under the name "Free Beer" served at the Volksbühne Berlin
FREE BEER version 1.0 Vores Øl December 2004 IT University students with Superflex in Copenhagen

Derivatives

The "White House Honey Ale", a "Free Beer" because the published recipe is a work of the US administration in the public domain (2012).
Open source beer-mate mixed drink "Mier" from Metamate at the "EHSM - the frontiers of open source and DIY " meeting at DESY (2014).

The idea of ​​an "open / free" beer itself was also taken up and implemented by other breweries, some with their own labels and recipes. For example, in the summer of 2007, the student organization project 21 for sustainable development, together with Wädi-Brau-Huus in Switzerland ( Zurich ), launched a “FreeBeer” with its own recipe and design.

The Flying Dog Brewery ( USA / Frederick ) created an open source beer called "Collaborator Doppelbock - Open source beer" in July 2007 , but without specifying a specific license.

In March 2009, a free red beer called "HannoverWikiRed" was brewed by the HBX city brewery for a Wikipedia meeting at CeBIT in Hanover .

The New Zealand brewery Yeastie Boys produced a Digital IPA at the end of 2011 and won a Gold Award from the Brewers Guild of New Zealand in 2012 . The recipe was published under a CC-SA-BY 3.0.

Since 2012 also exists open source - Mate -Beer called "Mier" under CC-BY-NC-SA , which, for example, in 2014 on the - "SFISM the frontiers of open source and DIY " -Meeting at DESY was served. At the moment it is no longer commercially available on the German market; the Mier recipe, on the other hand, was successfully implemented commercially on the Czech market.

In August 2012, a petition on the “We the people” platform was successful and the Barack Obama administration published the recipe for a Honey Ales brewed in the White House in the public domain .

During the Hackathon Litoral 2015 in Argentina / Paraná (Entre Ríos) , a group brewed a modification of the Yeastie Boys Digital IPA recipe with Argentine malt and hops and placed the label and recipe under CC.

In February 2016, the BrewDog brewery “ open-sourced ” all of its beer recipes to the public.

reception

The "Free Beer" concept has been widely received by the press and in specialist books since it was first published, the concept has also been widely adopted by breweries and individuals and implemented into bottled beer (see gallery).

The political message was also well received in the open source and free software community, for example by Richard Stallman and Lawrence Lessig . It was presented on (Open) technology conference calls and meetings, discussed, brewed and served , such as the 2008 or the iSummit RMLL 2011, 2012 and 2014 meetings in France . As a result of the FSCONS 2008, a CC-BY-SA e-book with the artwork and the title "Free Beer" was created. Free beer has also been presented in the context of many art exhibitions and museums , e.g. B. at Art Basel Miami Beach 2006, the Van Abbemuseum 2007 or the Taipei Biennial 2010 (sponsored by TTL ). Free beer was also used in the context of political anti-copyright campaigns as an example of the positive influence of open knowledge on society.

gallery

  • Label from Free Beer 1.0, "Vores Øl" (2004)

  • Free beer variant "Dana & Fred's Open source brew" (2005)

  • Art Basel Miami Beach in Miami , Florida on May 8, 2006

  • Anti-copyright performance with mascot "Free Beer version 3.2 St.Austell": "Copyright is preventing access to knowledge" (2007)

  • 5 liter barrel of the Germania brewery Sao Paulo (2007)

  • Free Beer in the Van Abbemuseum , Netherlands (2007)

  • “Le Baiser de la princesse” (French for “The Princess's Kiss”), a free beer from Lausanne (2008)

  • Free red beer "HannoverWikiRed" at a Wikipedia meeting on the occasion of Cebit 2009

  • Superflex, Free Beer Factory in Taipei , Taiwan (2010)

  • Free Beer under the “Pirate Beer” label for the Pirate Party (2011)

  • White House Honey Ale and Porter, White House Public Domain beer recipes (2012)

literature

Web links

Commons : Free beer  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Program ( Memento from July 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Workshop: "FREE BEER factory" , Superflex Sep. 7, Tue.1500-1700, Venue: GOOGLE OFFICE, TFAM, Superflex inaugurates their work for TB10 with a free workshop. Learn to brew your own beer. Limited space available, RSVP. (English, 2010)
  2. ↑ a b FAQ ( Memento of the original from August 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. How can a beer be “free”? The recipe and the FREE BEER brand is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license on freebeer.org (English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  3. ^ Adrian Harewood: Danish offer a recipe for open source beer . CBC Radio One . July 21, 2005. Archived from the original on July 27, 2005.
  4. ↑ Danish students launch open source and shareware beer ( Memento from January 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Pamela Licalzi O'Connell: Pass Over a Frosty Mug of Home Brew Version 1.0. In: New York Times, June 13, 2005 (English).
  6. ↑ Presentation of the concept on voresoel.dk ( Memento of December 23, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Henrik Moltke's flicker stream "Students at IT University, Copenhagen, Superflex and the Yoda of home brewing, Kjeld Erlandsen, making the first batch of Vores Øl (our beer), the predecessor of FREE BEER" (December 13, 2004)
  8. ↑ Vinderlisten - Arnold 1994 ( Memento from August 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) IdéPrisen Arnold, product / title: Vores Øl "Kollektivet", Annoncør: Carlsberg Bryggerierne (Danish)
  9. ↑ Terry Hancock: What if copyright didn't apply to binary executables? . Free Software Magazine . August 29, 2008. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 25, 2016: "" In fact, it's very likely that a recipe, which is usually quite minimal in expression, will not be subject to copyright protection at all, simply because there is so little "expressive" content. Instead, the major content of a recipe is said to be "functional": conveying only that information which is strictly necessary to communicate the composition of the stew. "" @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.freesoftwaremagazine.com
  10. ^ "Guaraná Power" on superflex.net "In 2003, SUPERFLEX initiated a collaboration with a guaraná farmers' cooperative from Maués in the Brazilian Amazon in order to produce the Guaraná Power soft drink. The farmers have organized themselves. " (English)
  11. ^ A b Richard Stallman on free beer " HM: - so if you could pretend that you were reviewing the idea of ​​a free beer? RMS: I love the idea as long as I don't have to drink it "(2005, English)
  12. ↑ FAQ at freebeer.org , question "Why beer?"
  13. ↑ Rasmus Koch: Free Beer ( English ) Rasmus Koch Studio. January 1, 2007. Retrieved on August 24, 2015: “ FREE BEER refers to information freedom, not economic freedom. [...] Designing a visual program for an idea which reflects upon open source and information freedom can not be a solution with rigid design guidelines. Other models of interpretation had to be exercised. The resulting solution builds on a vivid and colorful reference to 60's liberation. Practically speaking this means "free the colors". No one color has the ability to rule or over set another. Only one spectral rule governs: NEVER USE ONE COLOR TWICE. "
  14. ↑ FREE BEER 6.0 - The Atlantic Brew on freebeer.org (October 2017)
  15. ↑ "Free as in free speech" - LA release for SUPERFLEX's FREE BEER ( memento of the original from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Monday August 16, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  16. ↑ If Value, Then Copy at artspace.org.nz
  17. ↑ FREE BEER prepares for nicole's re: publica (9 March 2008)
  18. ↑ Bryggeriet Skands. Retrieved June 22, 2015 .
  19. ↑ 2006 Status version 3.0 ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  20. ↑ Free Beer version 2.1 on the Apollo brewery in Copenhagen ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  21. ↑ Superflex on arthurmag.com (English)
  22. ↑ Who wants an undignified old woman? By Jens Balzer in the Berliner Zeitung (from May 24, 2005)
  23. ↑ a b Lissa Harris: Free Beer - What's not to love? . In: BeerAdvocate magazine # 9 . beeradvocate.com. September 1, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  24. ↑ project 21: Recipe ( memento from December 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on project21.ch
  25. ↑ wadi-brau-huus-freebeer on ratebeer.com (English)
  26. ↑ History ( Memento of the original from June 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on freebeer.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.ch
  27. ↑ FreeBeer.ch ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.freebeer.ch
  28. ↑ A copyright trick makes it possible: Free beer for everyone  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the Tages-Anzeiger on March 3, 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.project21.ch  
  29. ↑ open-source-beer-recipe-finalized ( Memento from April 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on opensourcebeerproject.com
  30. ↑ wild-dog-collaborator-doppelbock-label ( memento from August 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) on opensourcebeerproject.com
  31. ↑ CC-BY-SA recipe for HannoverWikiRed ( Memento from April 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ↑ HannoverWikiRed: Open source beer tapped on Heise.de (March 9, 2009)
  33. ↑ Yeastie Boys win gold for open source beer . scoop.co.nz. August 21, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2015: " Yeastie Boys win gold for open source beer "
  34. ^ A b Casey Brown: Beer brings people together: Obama, homebrewers, and online communities . opensource.com . August 31, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2015: “ The Yeastie Boys Digital IPA has also been frequently tossed around in conversations in the open source community over the past few days. To describe the beer, the Yeastie Boys' website states, "Just as the term digital is all about zeroes and ones, the concept of IPA is all about malts and hops." This beer stands out from other homebrews because the Yeastie Boys cleverly put QR codes on the bottles that link to the recipe, so you can try the brew yourself. They also link to different forms of social media so fans can easily share their tweaked recipes. "
  35. ↑ digital-ipa-recipe on yeastieboys.tumblr.com (English)
  36. ^ Mate beer from Berlin: The game with cult , Berliner Zeitung of March 13, 2012
  37. ↑ Mier's CC License ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on mier.metamate.cc (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mier.metamate.cc
  38. ↑ metamate.cc: MIER; Not just MATE, not just BEER! on mier.metamate.cc
  39. ↑ Mier - failure attempt to CC license as mass market consume good at cccamp15 by Fabricio do Canto (15 Aug 2015)
  40. ↑ pivo-yerba-mates  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at cizice.ubizona.eu@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / cizice.ubizona.eu  
  41. ↑ Ale to the Chief: White House Beer Recipe on whitehouse.gov (September 1, 2012, English)
  42. ↑ Cerveceros Artesanales de Entre Rios: Digital IPA Litoral . September 16, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  43. ↑ BrewDog "open-sources" its beer recipes on the Scottish Business News Network (February 25, 2016)
  44. ↑ BrewDog's open-source revolution is at the vanguard of postcapitalism by Paul Mason in The Guardian (February 29, 2016)
  45. ^ Fiona Macmillan: New Directions in Copyright Law, Volume 6 ( English ) Edward Elgar Publishing . Pp. 69-70. 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  46. ↑ Lawrence Lessig : Free, as in beer , Wired . September 2006. Retrieved March 18, 2009. “ In June, a Copenhagen artists' collective called Superflex released version 3.0 of a new beer called - you guessed it - Free Beer. “Free beer?” You ask. "Think free," Superflex members helpfully explained at the launch, "as in free software." " 
  47. ↑ Lawrence Lessig : How much RMS has won . lessig.org. August 4, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2015: “ Just returning from the iCommons Summit in Sapporo, Japan. The Free Beer project made a showing, with a locally brewed version. But this ad caught my eye: "Free Beer" for "500 yen." We're now at the stage where (at least some) the RMS conception of “free” is clear enough so that even “free beer” is “free as in free speech” such that a price running with the free beer seems (again , to a select set no doubt) perfectly natural. "
  48. ↑ biere-libre on 2012.rmll.info
  49. ↑ Biere-du-Libre on 2014.rmll.info
  50. ↑ Free Beer 1.0 on lulu.com (2009)
  51. ↑ FREE BEER book out now. ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Thursday, November 26, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  52. ↑ Free Beer on fscons.org (2009)
  53. ↑ 2010 Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corp. 5000 Bottles of “Free Beer Taiwan” in Taipei Biennial 2010
  54. ↑ "Free as in free speech" FREE BEER at the Art Basel, Miami ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / freebeer.org
  55. ↑ Free beer et le baiser de la princesse les bieres open source (in French, 2008)
  56. ↑ baiserdelaprincesse.com ( Memento of May 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (in French, 2008)