Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways

Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway
Parallel exit from Alt-Nagelberg
Route number (ÖBB) :	177 01 (Gmünd – Litschau) 178 01 (Alt Nagelberg-Heidenreichstein) 179 01 (Gmünd – Groß Gerungs)
Course book route (ÖBB) :	801 (Gmünd NÖ - Groß Gerungs) 802 (Gmünd NÖ - Litschau / Heidenreichstein)
Route length:	82.0 km
Gauge :	760 mm ( Bosnian gauge )
Legend 25.261 Litschau 527  m above sea level A. 24,100 Schönau Dorfwirt 19,300 Gopprechts 15.387 fire 518  m above sea level A. 13.2 Heidenreichstein 561  m above sea level A. 12.5 Heidenreichstein Moor Museum (since 2014) 12.0 Kleinpertholz 8.2 Eel catch 537  m above sea level A. 6.5 Langegg 4.1 Fire south 1.1 Alt Nagelberg Ergo 0.4 Alt Nagelberg mansion 0.0 11.243 Old Nagelberg 495  m above sea level A. 8,455 EK B 2 8.367 New Nagelberg 485  m above sea level A. 6,300 Breitensee children's workshop 5,800 Breitensee Lainsitz 2,500 Böhmzeil (1918–1950 Bf) Realignment in 1950 State border Lainsitz (23.1 m) -0.2 Gmünd Lower Austria since 1922 500  m above sea level A. České Velenice (Gmünd train station) State border over the Lainsitz Gleisdreieck since 1922 Passing under the Franz-Josefs-Bahn 2.258 Ehrendorf 495  m above sea level A. 3.883 Dietmanns 497  m above sea level A. 6.458 Eichberg near Weitra 502  m above sea level A. 9,836 Alt Weitra 506  m above sea level A. 10.024 EK B 41 14.061 Weitra 574  m above sea level A. 17.038 Long field 615  m above sea level A. 19,400 Schöllbüchl 21.375 St. Martin near Weitra 630  m above sea level A. 24.145 Steinbach-Bad Großpertholz 626  m above sea level A. 26,338 Tee off Fassldorf 673  m above sea level A. 28.8 Small Bruderndorf Tunnel (44 m) 29,561 Bruderndorf (water point) 749  m above sea level A. 29.7 Big Bruderndorfer Tunnel (262 m) 31,920 Bruderndorf since 1986 35.208 EK B 38 36.059 Long strike 753  m above sea level A. 36.687 EK B 38 39,535 Harruck 757  m above sea level A. 41.045 EK B 38 41,600 Heinreichs 42.835 EK B 119 43,073 Great Gerungs 679  m above sea level A.

The Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways are a network of three contiguous railway lines with a gauge of 760 mm, which open up the northwestern Waldviertel from Gmünd in Lower Austria on routes to Litschau , Heidenreichstein and Groß Gerungs . All branches of the route are used exclusively for tourism and are operated by NÖVOG or WSV .

history

Planning and construction

Bilingual loan from the Waldviertelbahn from 1902

Opening train on the southern line at Gmünd station

Passenger train with locomotive 3 (series U) in Heidenreichstein in the first few years

One of the large steam railcars in Groß Gerungs

As early as the 1870s, the Lower Austrian Waldviertel received its first connection to the European railway network with the Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Bahn from Prague to Vienna . The resulting economic upturn in the places served by the railway quickly led to the desire for further railway connections in the remote regions, some of which were implemented as standard-gauge local railways .

With the enactment of the Lower Austrian State Railway Act in 1895, the state-sponsored establishment of local railways was made much easier. In response to efforts by the local glass industry, a first preliminary project for a narrow-gauge railway from Erdweis via Altnagelberg to Litschau was submitted, which was changed to Gmünd as the starting point in 1896. In 1897 the project was finally extended to include the branch to Heidenreichstein.

In July 1899 the "Niederösterreichische Waldviertelbahn AG" was founded, and the Niederösterreichische Landesbahnen were commissioned to manage the railway lines to be built . In April 1899 the construction of the northern routes to Litschau and Heidenreichstein began. The first test drives were able to take place as early as June 1900 and scheduled traffic was started on July 4, 1900, locomotives of the U series were selected as locomotives , which had already proven themselves on the Pielachtalbahn of the NÖLB. A year later, construction began on the longest and more complex stretch south of Gmünd. On August 9, 1902, the opening train ran on the first section between Gmünd and Bad Großpertholz . The continuation to Groß Gerungs, which in sections has the character of a mountain railway, went into operation in March 1903. The Uv series locomotives purchased in 1902 were used here, a more powerful further development of the U series with a compound steam engine.

The narrow-gauge network in the Waldviertel thus reached its greatest extent, in which it is still completely drivable today. A detailed connection from Litschau via Hörmanns and Griesbach to Neubistritz (Nová Bystřice) to the Neuhaus – Neubistritz narrow-gauge railway was delayed longer and longer for financial reasons and did not come about after the outbreak of the First World War . For the same reasons, plans to extend the southern route from Groß Gerungs via Ottenschlag to Krems or via Arbesbach and Königswiesen to Grein an der Donau, as well as a connection from Langschlag with the Mühlviertel to Freistadt, remained unsuccessful.

The state railway time

The Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways presented themselves as an innovative and efficiently run transport company from the start . Freight traffic has been from the opening with standard gauge - freight cars on dollies handled, which also a desire of the glass industry has been taken.

Steam railcars were used in passenger transport from 1904 . The traffic developed according to expectations and brought the region the hoped-for connection to the economic development of that time. In addition to the abundance of wood in the region, which ensured a steady volume of freight, the local textile and glass industry was also able to assert itself as competitive again thanks to the new means of transport.

During the First World War, individual vehicles were drafted for use on the narrow-gauge railways in the Balkans , but the long-term political consequences of the war created far greater problems for rail operations: after the demarcation of the boundaries laid down in the Treaty of Saint-Germain , Gmünd was divided, all railway facilities and the first kilometers the northern line was now in Czechoslovakia , the Czech part of Gmünd was renamed České Velenice . The use of the railways has been governed by a treaty until 1922 at the former station Gmünd city built a new station for standard and narrow gauge railway, boiler house and workshop still remained across the border, even the trains to Litschau and Heidenreichstein as Corridor trains on Czechoslovakian territory to the Gmünd Böhmzeil station .

Takeover in the state railway and World War II

On January 1, 1921, the Lower Austrian State Railways were dissolved, and the Austrian Federal Railways BBÖ took over their routes and the management of those routes that had been commissioned by the NÖLB . After the "Anschluss" in 1938 , the BBÖ was incorporated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn , and in 1940 the N.Ö. Waldviertelbahn AG dissolved. During the Second World War , some locomotives of German and Czech origin came to Gmünd.

Development from 1945

In July 1945 the railway facilities in České Velenice had to be cleared quickly, so the construction of a new station with a boiler room and workshop in Gmünd had top priority. In 1946 the previous stop “Gmünd Stadt” was renamed “Gmünd N.Ö.”. In the following years, Czechoslovakia endeavored to stop corridor traffic between Gmünd and Böhmzeil, and therefore financed the construction of a new route east of the Lainsitz , exclusively located in Austria , which was opened to traffic in December 1950.

While the narrow-gauge railways were not in question in their function as an indispensable means of transport in passenger and freight traffic in the immediate post-war period, a decline in passenger traffic that began with general motorization was recorded later. Investments were made only to a modest extent, following the trend towards line closures. By 1964, freight traffic was completely converted to trolleys , and passenger traffic was partly carried out with diesel locomotives of the 2091 and 2190 series . In addition, a copy of the 2095 series was stationed in Gmünd, but this could not replace the steam traction as on the other ÖBB narrow-gauge railways. The 399 series support-tender locomotives, all of which were based in the Waldviertel in the 1970s, were indispensable in heavy freight traffic until the mid-1980s. After the Bregenzerwaldbahn was closed between 1980 and 1985, some 2095 were relocated to Gmünd, but steam locomotives were still in regular use.

Development from 1986

Special train of the WSV with 399.03 in Neu-Nagelberg

On June 1, 1986, passenger traffic was stopped on several branch lines in the Waldviertel, including on the northern branches of the narrow-gauge railway. Declining passenger potential due to the orientation of commuter and school traffic from Litschau and Heidenreichstein to the district capital Waidhofen ad Thaya made this decision to be expected for a long time, the freight traffic remained in full for the time being.

On the southern route, on the other hand, a fundamental modernization of operations was carried out for the first time. Two newly acquired 5090 series diesel multiple units ran the route from now on in economical one-man operation; the construction and relocation of stops was intended to encourage people in the region to increasingly consider rail as a means of transport again.

After the Steyrtalbahn was discontinued in 1982, the Waldviertler Schmalspurbahnen were the last railway operation in Austria on which steam locomotives were in daily use as scheduled (with the exception of the tourist rack railways ). Even after the modernization of the operation, two pairs of trains were hauled by steam locomotives on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. These trains were not a nostalgic or tourist offer , but regular services that could be used by everyone at the normal rail tariffs and made the rail known outside of the railroad enthusiast scene. From 1996 these trains were abandoned as scheduled services and included in the ÖBB's nostalgia program at a special rate, which made them practically unusable for regular passengers. As a result, the program was shortened to a pair of trains with a long stay for a city tour in Weitra.

From 1986, special trips by the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway association (WSV) took place on the northern branches . The trains were ordered from the ÖBB, as were the train drivers ; At the beginning of June 1992, freight traffic on the Alt-Nagelberg – Heidenreichstein route was discontinued and the route was taken over by the association, which, after the ÖBB terminated its cooperation, established a museum railway with its own vehicles.

Situation since 2000

A 5090 in winter 2001 with scheduled passenger traffic in Steinbach-Groß Pertholz

On January 10, 2001, all traffic between Litschau and Gmünd was stopped after the last freight trains had picked up timber from Litschau the day before. The cessation of the remaining passenger traffic to Groß Gerungs had already been decided at this point. The passenger traffic on the mountain route south of Steinbach-Groß Pertholz could not be brought to an economically satisfactory result despite modernization. Here, too, the traffic flows had long since been reoriented, the largest towns, Langschlag and Groß Gerungs, are almost exclusively oriented towards Zwettl . There was also no interest in maintaining passenger traffic between Gmünd and Steinbach-Groß Pertholz, rather the aim was to transfer the two railcars to the Mariazellerbahn as quickly as possible in order to remedy any locomotive bottlenecks that occurred there. Thus, with the summer timetable change in 2001, the last regular passenger train also ran between Gmünd and Groß Gerungs.

The discontinuation of scheduled passenger traffic to Weitra and Groß Gerungs with the timetable change on June 9, 2001 marked the end of regular narrow-gauge traffic. Beginning on July 7, 2001, the state of Lower Austria, represented by the regional transport organization company NÖVOG, provided money for tourist traffic on the " Narrow "available. Subsequently, the NÖVOG was able to conclude an agreement with the Federal Ministry of Transport regarding the financing of the track infrastructure of the narrow-gauge railways in Lower Austria, which was valid until 2008 .

From the 2002 summer season, the state of Lower Austria also financed individual journeys Gmünd – Litschau (with diesel locomotive Rh. 2095) until major changes occurred in 2004: (1.) Regular trains Gmünd – Litschau – Groß Gerungs (with connecting trips from the WSV from Heidenreichstein to Alt-Nagelberg and back) every Wednesday from June to the beginning of September and (2nd) extension of club trips to Alt-Nagelberg station (until mid-June 2004, WSV trips ended at the “Herrenhaus” stop approx. 400 meters from the train station . Alt-Nagelberg removed). Rising passenger numbers in the following years justified the implementation of track construction measures between the Lainsitz Viaduct and Gopprechts.

In winter, trains run to Weitra for Advent , as well as Nikolaus, Christkindl and New Year's trains (from Heidenreichstein). The locomotives used by ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG are alternating between a class 399 steam locomotive and a class 2095 diesel locomotive, while the WSV uses steam locomotives 170.1 or 100.13 and diesel locomotives 2091.07 or JW100.4. At the opening of the 2006 season, the 399.03 was transferred to Gmünd after the main inspection in Meiningen , and in 2007 it was exchanged for the 399.01 of the Pinzgauer local railway .

The WSV board of directors concluded a cooperation agreement with the Jindřichohradecké místní dráhy (JHMD) in 2001 , with which a cross-border connection between the Austrian and Czech narrow-gauge lines ( Nová Bystřice – Jindřichův Hradec – Obrataň ) via the border crossing between Grametten and Nová Bystřice was agreed. A vintage bus ( Škoda 706 RTO , built in 1960) was used on Saturdays in July and August. The upward trend in the number of people carried was interrupted by the reduction in travel options for cost reasons. As a result, there have been no more cross-border connecting trips since the 2006 season.

Tourist trip for railway enthusiasts (October 2011)

In 2008 the company agreement between ÖBB and the state of Lower Austria was extended to a further five years.

In 2010, an agreement in principle between the state and the federal government was passed in which it was determined that, among other things, the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways would also be taken over by the state of Lower Austria in December 2010. After the project was implemented, NÖVOG initially continued to operate the railway with leased ÖBB employees and used it exclusively for tourism.

Since January 1, 2012, the "Waldviertelbahn", as the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways are now called by NÖVOG, has been operated exclusively by its own staff. In May the 5090.013 diesel multiple unit was presented to the public in Litschau in the new golden color design. At the end of July 2012, the golden 5090.008 was also transferred to Gmünd. This means that diesel locomotives 2095.05 and 2095.12 are now back in service for the now daily trips in summer in addition to diesel locomotives. The 399.01 in need of repair was transferred to Meiningen for revision at the beginning of August 2012 and has been in regular use on the Waldviertelbahn again since May 2013.

The new construction of the separate narrow-gauge train station was opened in May 2014. The 120 meter long train station includes a coach house as well as a customer center and a workshop. The cost should be around 8½ million euros.

The Waldviertlerbahn cycle path runs along the route .

Route description

Gmünd - Litschau (north branch)

Parallel exit from Alt-Nagelberg with diesel traction

Special train of the narrow-gauge railway association near Gopprechts

Both branches of the route leave the Gmünd train station, initially running parallel to the west and face the Lainsitz on a steep gradient. The northern route bends in a right curve to the north and initially follows the waterway on the route built in 1950 and meets the original route again directly at the Gmünd-Böhmzeil border crossing. After the construction of the railway, the Gmünd-Böhmzeil station was the closest railway station to the city center. First through open farmland, then after crossing the Lainsitz on a bridge built in Monier construction to the former Breitensee stop and through a wooded area you will reach Neu-Nagelberg station . This is again right on the border in the immediate vicinity of the border crossing of the federal road of the same name. Continuing behind the village and following the Gamsbach, which is dammed up here to form a chain of ponds , the Alt-Nagelberg train station is reached after another three kilometers . The line to Heidenreichstein branches off at this largest station on the northern branches, and there was also a siding to a glassworks here until the 1980s , which was the largest customer for narrow-gauge rail freight transport.

For about two kilometers, both branches of the route now run parallel west of the village. This special feature was used by the locomotive crews of trains departing at the same time with pleasure and to the delight of the passengers for a race at the times of scheduled operation. This “parallel exit from Alt-Nagelberg” became a kind of “trademark” of the northern routes and, after the planned traffic was discontinued, it was staged again and again for special trips; the current timetables of the tourist trains are also coordinated accordingly. After the branches of the route, the Litschauer line comes into open terrain that was created by a forest fire in the 17th century. Leaving behind the Brand stop of the town that was founded afterwards, the train crosses a flat ridge, dives into a forest and first follows the Eichbach and from the Gopprechts stop the Reissbach . For the next few kilometers, always leading between stream and street through largely uninhabited area, the railway line changes to the right side of the street at the former Schönau stop near Litschau and after another kilometer turns in a sharp right curve towards Litschau train station . This means that after 25.3 km you have reached the northernmost city in Austria and the end of this route.

The planned extension to the Czech town of Neubistritz was already taken into account when the station was built on the southern edge of the town. The station building is now used as a cultural center ( Litschau culture station ), vehicles from the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway association are stored in the locomotive shed.

Alt-Nagelberg - Heidenreichstein

Entry of a 2091 into the Heidenreichstein station

From the Alt-Nagelberg train station, a junction leads to Heidenreichstein (right parallel track to the north). About 400 m after the train station is the Herrenhaus stop , where the trains of the museum railway could move by means of a short siding without having to enter the Alt-Nagelberg station. At the junction, the route bends in a right curve to the east and drives through dense forest for the next four kilometers, then it leads through open, hilly terrain. At the time the Federal Railroad was in operation, the Langegg and Aalfang stops were the only stations on this branch. After a drive of almost 13 kilometers, the end of the line at Heidenreichstein train station is reached. This station, a little above the town center, is now the operational center of the museum railway, from where trains of the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway association (WSV) run. The train traffic to Aalfang station, which was restricted in 2011 and 2012 due to the construction site, was extended to Alt Nagelberg again from the 2013 season, where, among other things, regular double trips take place with the NÖVOG trains. As a special feature, the historic diesel locomotives 2091.09 (in the optical condition of the 1970s) and 2041.02 / s (true to the original in the delivery condition) are used regularly on this branch line.

Gmünd - Groß Gerungs (south branch)

399.02 accelerates a train into the steep ramp at Steinbach-Groß Pertholz station

At the water station near Bruderndorf

Special train with two 399 in front of Groß Gerungs

Leaving the northern line, which initially runs parallel, behind you in a left curve, the southern line crosses under the immediate vicinity of a pedestrian and bicycle border crossing, which today leads over the Lainsitzbrücke of the former railway line, the embankment of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn, to the right of the line are the Remnants of the old route are still preserved as a triangular track for sporadic turning of narrow-gauge vehicles.

For the first few kilometers, the route leads through open arable land in a south-westerly direction into the Lainsitz valley, with the Ehrendorf stop still opening up part of Gmünd II and with Dietmanns and Eichberg cadastral communities of Großdietmanns . After a sharp curve to the south, Alt Weitra station follows the community of Unserfrau-Altweitra, a local pilgrimage site , the following ascent of approx. 50 meters up to Weitra station is overcome by means of a loop. To Weitra the route leads over the Veitsgraben viaduct, the largest bridge structure of the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways, and shortly afterwards over a second, shorter viaduct, the route remains on the slope above the Lainsitztal valley. This is followed by the Langfeld and Schöllbüchl stops , the latter only opened in 1986, and the St. Martin train station . The railway now runs on the valley floor, right next to the stream, which in this section caused the railway line to be flooded several times. After 24 kilometers, the Steinbach-Groß Pertholz train station is reached.

Steam locomotives replenish their water supplies here, the exit from the station is already on the steep ramp of the mountain route, which is also known as "Waldviertler Semmering" or "Kleiner Semmering" due to its mountain railway character and gradients of up to 26 ‰. After two kilometers you will find the Abschlag stop , where the tourist trains make an “adventure stop ” to visit the Fassldorf, a local tourist attraction. The route then continues through densely wooded area in winding lines up to the apex of the railway, which is 806 m above sea level at the old Bruderndorf stop . The stop, located between the two Bruderndorf tunnels (the only tunnel in the Waldviertel) far away from the village of the same name, was built at this point mainly because of a spring that is used to replenish the water supply for the steam locomotives. Since filming (“ Gripsholm Castle ”) in 2000, the bus shelter has been called “ Mariefred ”, which arouses a certain amount of enthusiasm, especially among Swedish passengers. After driving through the summit tunnel and further kilometers through the forest, the train gradually comes into more open terrain, where the Bruderndorf station, which was newly built in 1986 and is closer to town, was also located. At distance kilometers 33.7, the railway crosses the European main watershed and turns towards the valley of the Zwettl , shortly afterwards Langschlag station is reached.

Today the steam locomotive 298.206 is erected as a memorial on the loading track of the station, after it had previously been erected next to the church in the village for many years. A small museum has been set up in a freight wagon. The route leads from here next to the Zwettl through the district on the creek and then runs approximately parallel to the main road, but more curvy than this, to the east. The Harruck stop is in this section . The Heinreichs stop was built in 1986 just under a kilometer before Groß Gerungs, but due to lack of use it was abandoned after just a few years, when it was still in operation. After 43 kilometers, the end of this branch is reached with the health resort Groß Gerungs. As in Litschau, any extension of the route was taken into account when the station was built.

Traction vehicles

Factory photo of the locomotive 21, later Uv.2

light steam railcar

Narrow gauge locomotives at the Gmünd boiler house

Steam locomotives

• NOeLB U (ÖBB 298)
• NOeLB Uv (ÖBB 298.2) Status 2013: 298.206 Langschlag monument locomotive
• NOeLB Mh or Mv (ÖBB 399/299) Status 2013: Mh.1, 399.02 (parked) and 399.04 (parked), Gmünd, NÖVOG
• BBÖ P (ÖBB 199)
• ÖBB 699

Diesel locomotives

• 2091 Status 2014: 2091.07, blood orange, Heidenreichstein, WSV, unsuitable; 2091.09, blood orange, modified stem, Heidenreichstein, WSV; 2041.02 / s, fir green, delivery condition, Heidenreichstein, WSV
• 2092
• 2190 Status 2013: 2190.02, red / ivory, without drive, Litschau, WSV in preparation
• 2095 Status 2013: 2095.05, red / ivory, vane wheel, Gmünd, NÖVOG; 2095.12, blood orange, impeller, Gmünd, NÖVOG

Railcar

• Komarek steam railcars NÖLB 1–3 and NÖLB 40–44
• 5090 as of 2014: 5090.08, gold, Gmünd, NÖVOG; 5090.13, gold, Gmünd, NÖVOG; 5090.11, red / gray, Gmünd, NÖVOG

literature

• Wolfdieter Hufnagl: The Lower Austrian State Railways . Transpress Verlag, ISBN 3-613-71214-8 .
• S. Langenecker: 75 years of the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways. Gmünd - Litschau. Gmünd - Heidenreichstein. Festschrift on the occasion of the jubilee June 22nd, 1975, Festkomitee, Gmünd 1975.
• Werner Schiendl: The Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway . Edition Bahn im Film, 2010, ISBN 978-3-9502250-9-9 .
• Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Narrow gauge through Austria. 4th edition, Slezak Verlag, 1991, ISBN 3-85416-095-X .
• J (osef) A (nton) Spitzer:  Use of concrete iron construction in the construction of railway bridges. In:  Der Bautechniker , year 1901, no. 3/1901, January 18, 1901 (XXI. Year), pp. 43 and 45. (Online at ANNO ). .
• Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Renaissance of the narrow-gauge railway in Austria . Slezak Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-85416-097-6 .
• Markus Strässle: Narrow-gauge railway activities in Austria . Slezak publishing house, 1997, ISBN 3-85416-184-0 .

Web links

Commons : Waldviertler Schmalspurbahnen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Waldviertel Railway
• Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways
• Homepage of the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway association
• Private photo documentation of the two branches of the route
• Homepage about the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway
• Special trip on the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways
• Current timetable of the ÖBB (south branch)
• Current timetable of the ÖBB (north branch)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Gerhard Urban: The northern routes of the Waldviertel narrow-gauge railways ( Memento from October 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). on: erlebnisbahn.at , January 13, 2008.
2. ↑ Werner Schiendl : The Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway. 2010, pp. 121–129.
3. ↑ Werner Schiendl: The Waldviertel narrow-gauge railway. 2010, p. 38.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Archive WSV 1989 to 2003 - WSV secretary Gerhard Urban
5. ↑ State wants to buy four branch lines from ÖBB. In: NÖN .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) accessed on August 18, 2008.
6. ↑ Bures, Pröll and Klugar present a complete package for local transport and branch lines in Lower Austria. In: APA OTS , January 14, 2010, accessed June 28, 2010.
7. ↑ Thayatalbahn is discontinued. on: derstandard.at , June 10, 2010, accessed on June 28, 2010.
8. ^ Historical development of the NÖVOG. Retrieved June 14, 2018 . 
9. ^ Gmünd: topping-out at the operations center. on: ORF , October 25, 2013, accessed on October 25, 2013.

Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 55 ″  N , 14 ° 59 ′ 8 ″  E

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on June 6, 2006 in this version .