Wilhelm Erbstollen
| Wilhelm Erbstollen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | u. a. Gebr. Puricelli'sche Betriebsgesellschaft | ||
| Start of operation | 1837 | ||
| End of operation | 1972 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | slate | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 5 '6 " N , 7 ° 46' 0.8" E | ||
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| Location | Chew | ||
| local community | Chew | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rhein-Lahn district | ||
| country | State of Rhineland-Palatinate | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Wilhelm Erbstollen mine was an amalgamation of slate mines in Kaub in the Rhein-Lahn district . Today it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley . Their daily facilities represent one of the most important cultural monuments of the slate mining . The deposits of the Kauber Zug , which runs in a north-easterly direction through the Hunsrück and Taunus and is part of the Rhenish Slate Mountains , were dismantled .
history
Kauber slate is said to have been used by the Romans for the construction of the Limes , the first documentary mention of mining dates back to 1353. Count Palatine Ruprecht I confirmed to his burgrave Kuno von Reifenberg that a third of the slate tithing was pledged for 400 Heller .
The mining that started in the Herrenberg area was initially carried out in open-cast mining , from the second half of the 17th century mainly underground mining was carried out.
For the year 1837, 131 slate quarries are documented in the Kaub area, mostly 2–4-man operations, which annually extracted around 24,000 rice (around 72,000 m) of slate. In order to maintain a more efficient mine, the Nassau Bergmeisterei tried to merge the small businesses into a union under mining law . Working capital of 28,000 guilders was paid in on the issue of 128 kuxes . Under the name of the Wilhelm-Erbstollen union , 14 small pits and pit fields (Wilhelm-Erbstollenzeche, Rabenkopf, Rochusberg, Einigkeit, Christhof, Ursprung, Herzberg, Franz Josef, Hoher Weg, Neu-Glück, Bellings, Glücksanfang, Mayenberg, Philippine) became one large complex associated with uniform dewatering , ventilation and extraction . The right to inheritance was granted on August 30, 1837.
The construction of the tunnel system as well as the tunnel and colliery house at the mouth of the Wilhelm Erbstollen had begun by 1844 ; mining itself had not been carried out until then. On the ground floor of the colliery house were the washrooms , a smithy and a workshop, and the administrative rooms on the upper floor. Immediately behind the building was the mouth of the tunnel, which was led in the form of a vaulted passage through the mine house and ended in a portico in front of the facade . On this you can still read the inscription Wilhelm Erbstollen and the year 1837, in the middle of which the mining symbol was placed with a mallet and iron .
In 1866 the Duchy of Nassau came to the Kingdom of Prussia , the mine thus passed into Prussian ownership. The entire system was auctioned on March 12, 1870 to the company Gebr. Puricelli'sche Betriebsgesellschaft from Rheinböllen . From then on the pit began to rise steadily.
Its special chemical composition gave the Kauber slate, which was mainly used as roofing slate, of the highest quality: it won a gold medal at the World Exhibition of 1889 in Paris.
In 1899 the mine was acquired Ernestine, who until 1905 wells drilled Ernestine- Schacht served the ventilation of the entire mining plant and the mountains - and debris promotion. In the years 1919 to 1928 the fields Jakobsberg, Kiliansweiden, Salomonszeche, Adelheid, Eudora, Philippslust as well as the pit Rennseiterstollen with its pits Jungewald, Trust and Antoinette were added.
In connection with the Zechenplatz, a split house in solid reinforced concrete was built in 1921 . An elongated half-timbered building was erected above this as a residential building. The slate processed in the split house was driven over a bridge into the medieval Dicken Turm by trolley and from there it was brought to the level of the banks of the Rhine by means of an elevator. The material was transported through a tunnel under the embankment to a storage area on the Rhine, where it was further processed and then loaded onto ships or rafts.
To process the slate waste into grit and slate flour , a grinding plant was built in 1925 , which was directly connected to the split house on the Rhine.
In order to reduce the high loss in the extraction of the slate - approx. 30-50% of the recovered material fell in the form of mountains, another loss occurred during sawing and splitting, so that ultimately only 20% remained as a salable product - this was done in 1942 monumental new grinder built in the southern continuation of the colliery, which became the landmark of the pit. The quality of the Kauber slate flour was not matched by any other slate flour: the degree of fineness was up to 29,000 meshes / cm².
Up the slope above the new grinding works there was another colliery yard with a crusher .
Until the end of the Second World War, the mine was operated by the Puricelli brothers , after which the company was leased out several times. In 1946 there was another considerable upswing for West German slate, but due to a poor order situation, the mine came to a standstill in 1972 under its last operator, the United Schieferwerke Schilling & Co. from Goslar.
Mining operations
The excavation in the Wilhelm Erbstollen was carried out using the chamber construction method , more rarely using bench construction . Since 1913, the slate has mostly been loosened by scraping , later by pressure shots with black powder.
Was digested first to the m at intervals of 25 located soles upper sole , Erbstollensohle and 3. sole , which Ernestine the slot with a depth m of 108 and a plurality of inclined shafts were connected to each other. In 1961 the Rhine bed was added as the fourth bed, which was connected to the bottom of the Erbstollen via a blind shaft with a depth of 56 m. During the operating time, dismantling took place from mainly six different storage sites (camps I to VI), only brief dismantling took place in the camps Landschaden and Pulverberg .
The dewatering took place via the bottom of the Erbstollen. The incoming water flowed over a seige , which was in the middle of the sole, with a natural gradient. Only the water from the Rhine bottom had to be pumped to the level of the Erbstollen bottom . The municipal water supply was fed with mountain water from the Ernestine and Rennseiter pits after the water pipeline was relocated in 1904–1905. After the mine was closed, the Wilhelm Erbstollen was dammed up, the pit under the floor of the Erbstollen drowned and has served the city of Kaub with water ever since.
At the time of its closure, the mine had an area of almost 30 km.
Other well-known tunnels and pits in the Kaub district were: Rennseiter-Stollen, Viktoria-Stollen , Ernestine-Stollen, Barbara-Stollen, In der Pfarrwiese, Jakobsberg, Grube Ludwig, Im Landschaden, Auf der Platte and Im Ried.
See also: List of mines in the Taunus
Chemical composition
The slate from the Wilhelm-Erbstollen mine has the following chemical composition:
| Surname | % |
|---|---|
| Silica | 57.72 |
| Clay | 20.47 |
| Iron (III) oxide | 2.11 |
| Iron (II) oxide | 4.98 |
| Calcium carbonate | 0.79 |
| Magnesium carbonate | 0.46 |
| Potassium oxide | 6.02 |
| Sodium oxide | 1.06 |
| phosphoric acid | 0.11 |
| Pebbles | 0.20 |
| Water and org. Components | 4.59 |
Further determinations up to 100% are not available.
Appreciation
From the 18th to the 20th century, slate mining was an essential industry in Kaub. The city's centuries-old association with mining has also been reflected in the city's coat of arms since 1956: In addition to the blue and white diamond pattern as a symbol for the Electoral Palatinate , symbols for shipping, viticulture and mining are depicted there. Even two windows of the Evangelical Church of St. Trinity show the symbols of mallets and irons. The current condition of the mine, however, does not reflect this bond: in the 1980s, the system was still in excellent shape with original equipment and, as a whole, was considered one of the most expressive monument ensembles of slate mining in the Federal Republic. In particular, the connection between the mouth hole and the colliery house is rarely found in this form. Since then, however, the old grinder, an extension to the split house, the crusher and the interior fittings have completely disappeared, the colliery and split house have been left to decay. Only the new grinder has been restored in an exemplary manner in recent years and is now used as apartments.
literature
- Karl Heinz Hinterwälder: The importance of slate mining in Kaub (1974). In: Heimat- und Kulturverein Kaub eV (Hrsg.): 1000 years of Kaub am Rhein, the small town with a great history. 2nd Edition. Eith-Verlag, St. Goarshausen 1990, OCLC 180592497 .
- Rainer Slotta : The Wilhelm Erbstollen in Kaub. In: Association of Friends of Art and Culture in Mining eV (Hrsg.): The cut. 4/1982, OCLC 174203834 .
- Festschrift 100 years of Wilhelm Erbstollen. Roofing slate mining. Kaub a.Rh. Compiled and written by J. Schwab, Schellenberg, Wiesbaden 1937
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Monument Preservation Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.) The Rhine Valley from Bingen and Rüdesheim to Koblenz. A European cultural landscape. Volume 1, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2001, ISBN 3-8053-2753-6 .
- ^ Frank and Ralf Staudt Slate mining around Kaub in: Bergbau im Rhein-Lahn-Kreis , publisher: Rhein-Lahn district administration, 1994.
- ^ A b c Chronicle of the city of Kaub Heimat- und Kulturverein Kaub eV
- ↑ Kurt Dehe anniversary publication for the 1000th anniversary of the city of Kaub , Ed .: Stadtverwaltung Kaub, Mönch-Verlag Koblenz / Bonn, May 1983.
- ^ Wilhelm-Erbstollen Institute for Historical Regional Studies at the University of Mainz eV
- ↑ History of the city of Kaub from 1850 ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Fritz Isert Descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority Districts, Volume 2: Description of the Mining Authority District of Diez , Verlag Glückauf, Essen 1968, p. 191 f.
Web links
- Historical photos ( Memento from August 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Rudi Spreitzer archive, Sauerthal
- Roofing slate mining in the West Taunus ( Memento from August 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Uwe Nohl
- The Puricelli's in Rheinböllen / Rheinböllerhütte Official website of the city of Rheinböllen