Cinnamon rose

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cinnamon rose
Cinnamon rose (Rosa majalis), illustration

Cinnamon rose ( Rosa majalis ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Type : Cinnamon rose
Scientific name
Rosa majalis
Mr. m.

The cinnamon rose ( Rosa majalis ), also called May rose , is a species of plant from the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the rose family (Rosaceae). Its common name cinnamon rose is probably due to the cinnamon-colored connection of the trunks and branches and less to the smell of the flowers. The early flowering period is reflected in the common name may flower and the specific epithet majalis . In Central Europe, the cinnamon rose is both a wild rose and an old ornamental plant .

description

general characteristics

Rosa majalis grows as a low, deciduous shrub that reaches heights of about 1 meter to 1.5 meters. The species forms dense, colony-like populations by means of underground runners . Rosa majalis has thin, rod-shaped, shiny red-brown barked branches. The bark of the trunks is also shiny red-brown.

Vegetative characteristics

Blossom with leaf view

The spines of the cinnamon rose are straight to hooked. The trunks also have needle and spiked bristles in the lower part. The spines on the flower-bearing branches are hooked to sickle-shaped, but they can also be absent. It is typical that the spines on the leaf base are often in pairs.

The alternately arranged leaves are pinnate unpaired and stand on a downy, hairy petiole . The leaf blade consists of five to seven leaflets . The leaf margin is always simply serrated and has no glands. The leaflets have an elongated-elliptical to egg-shaped shape . Their length of usually 2 to 3 centimeters corresponds to about twice the width. The upper side of the leaflet is fresh green to bluish green. It can be hairless or more or less densely covered with short hair. The pale gray-green underside of the leaves shows more or less dense hairs. The narrow stipules of the non-flowering shoots are often rolled up at the edges.

Generative characteristics

Hanging fruit with persistent, erect sepals

The radial symmetry and hermaphrodite flowers are usually singly or two to five united in corymbs . The flower diameter is about 5 centimeters. The glandless flower stalks are about 1 centimeter long and are surrounded by relatively large bracts . The five sepals are usually entire and usually undivided. Individual small pinnacles are rarely formed on the outer sepals. After flowering, they remain on the rose hip until the fruit is ripe . It is typical that they stand up steeply when the fruit is reddened.

The five petals are bright pink to carmine-red in color. Their length measures 2.5 to 3 centimeters. The short styles are not fused into a column. The stylus protrude outward over the relatively wide stylus channel in the center of the discus, with a diameter of 2-3 millimeters, whereby the scars lie on the disc in such a way that they form a large woolly scar head.

The flowering period begins relatively early in relation to other wild roses in the temperate climate - usually in May. It extends from May to July.

A rose hip is formed as the fruit , which botanically is a nut fruit . With a diameter of about 1 to 1.5 centimeters, it has a spherical to flat-spherical or pear-like shape. When ripe it is dark red, but not very fleshy. Hairiness is not formed. Mostly their position is hanging. They have a vitamin C content comparable to Rosa canina .

Breeding majalis varieties may have characteristics that differ from the wild form, such as B. have double flowers.

The cinnamon rose usually has a diploid set of chromosomes with the number of chromosomes 2n = 14. Finds with triploid chromosome set 3n = 21 were also noted.

Occurrence

Rosa majalis , habitus

Rosa majalis is native to mountain regions in Central and Eastern Europe , Scandinavia and Siberia . In Central Europe , the cinnamon rose occurs only sporadically in the lowlands and in the low mountain ranges north of the Swabian - Franconian Jura . It is widespread (occurrence in 40 to 90% of the mapped areas) in southern and central Bavaria. Rare occurrences can be found in southeast Baden-Württemberg, there in the Argen and Illertal and on Lake Constance . The cinnamon rose is also found in rare stocks in northern Thuringia, especially in Kyffhäuser . As a neophyte and planted outdoors, the cinnamon rose is rarely found in all federal states of Germany. In Switzerland , stocks are recorded in the Central Plateau and Valais , with isolated occurrences in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden . The habitats there are limited to the colline, montane to subalpine altitude. It is rare in Austria . In the Allgäu Alps it only rises above Pfronten up to an altitude of 1180 meters.

It grows on rocky slopes, on gravel banks on the banks of rivers and alluvial forests, less often in dry bushes. It thrives best on warm, fresh, damp, stony and gravelly loam and clay soils in summer . It is an embankment fastener in the sea buckthorn-lavender willow bushes of the Alpine rivers. It is a characteristic of the Berberidion association , but also occurs in societies of the Prunion fruticosae association .

Taxonomy

The first description of Rosa majalis was made by Johann Herrmann in the dissertation De Rosa in 1762. A synonym of Rosa majalis Herrm. is Rosa cinnamomea L. Rosa majalis belongs within the rose family of the genus Rosa and is there in the subgenus Rosa in the section Cinnamomeae (DC.) Ser. guided. The section Cinnamomeae is the most species-rich section of the genus Rosa with around 80 species . It contains u. a. also the potato rose , which is naturalized in Europe .

ecology

Rosa majali s is pollinated by insects . It does not offer nectar , but has an abundant supply of pollen for the pollinators. Therefore it is called a pollen flower according to Müller's flower classes . The main pollinators are short- nosed bees , syrphids , beetles and flies . The cinnamon rose is self-incompatible according to the GSI type (gametophytic self-incompatibility). This means that the pollen can usually germinate on the scar , but the pollen tube in the style stops growing if the S allele of the haploid pollen matches one of the S alleles of the diploid style. Even when self-pollination takes place, self-fertilization , i.e. successful fruit set, is usually prevented by the GSI mechanism.

The spread of the diaspores is ensured by digestive spread . When the ripe rose hips are eaten, animals (e.g. birds) also take them in, and after passing through the intestine, excreted them intact. Vegetative reproduction takes place via the runners.

With a light number of 7, the cinnamon rose is a semi-light plant . It prefers a location with mostly lime-free soil that is rich in basic cations (base hold).

use

The cinnamon rose has been cultivated in European gardens since around 1600, but is not widely used as an ornamental plant . The double flowering form Rosa majalis 'Plena' and hybrids are more often cultivated in gardens than the wild form. This wild rose is well hardy . It is suitable to be planted in damp locations, forest edges or hedges in order to grow wild.

literature

  • Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson: Roses: The Great Encyclopedia / The Royal Horticultural Society; Translation by Susanne Bonn; Editor: Agnes Pahler; S. 218, Dorling Kindersley, Starnberg 2004, ISBN 3-8310-0590-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d cinnamon rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Gustav Hegi 1919: Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Vol. IV / 1. Here p. 1046 ff.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Eckehart J. Jäger: Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 21st edition, Springer, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-49707-4 , pp. 444f.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora from Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 . P. 427ff.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Paul Heinz List, Ludwig Hörhammer: Chemicals and Drugs: Part B: R, S , Springer Verlag 2013, p. 169. ISBN 978-3-642-66378-9
  6. ^ A b Gerhard Stinglwagner , Ilse Haseder , Reinhold Erlbeck: Das Kosmos Wald- und Forstlexikon Kosmos-Verlag, 2016; Page 728. ISBN 978-3-440-15524-0
  7. ↑ a b c Entry Rosa majalis Herrm. at Biolflor, database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany, accessed on August 21, 2019
  8. ↑ Entry Rosa majalis Herrm., Chromosome counts ; at Tropicos, accessed on August 21, 2019
  9. ↑ a b c d Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  10. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .
  11. ^ Entry Rosa majalis at The national data and information center for the Swiss flora, Flora helvetica online
  12. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 51.
  13. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 570.
  14. ^ Herrmann, Johannes: Dissertatio Inauguralis Botanico-Medica De Rosa , 1762, digitized
  15. ↑ Entry: Rosa majalis Herrm . at IPNI
  16. ^ V. Wissemann, CM Ritz: The genus Rosa (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) revisited: molecular analysis of nrITS-1 and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) versus conventional taxonomy . in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, Volume 147/3, Pages 275-290. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2005.00368.x
  17. ^ Entry self-incompatibility in Lexicon of Biology, Spektrum.de

Web links

Commons : Rosa majalis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files