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Herbert Vogel (August 16, 1922 – July 22, 2012) and Dorothy Vogel (born 1935), once described as "proletarian art collectors,"^[1] worked as civil servants in New York City for more than a half-century while amassing what has been called one of the most important post-1960s art collections in the United States,^[2] mostly of minimalist and conceptual art.^[3] Herbert Vogel died on July 22, 2012, in a Manhattan nursing home.^[4]

Early years[edit]

Herbert Vogel, known as Herb, was the son of a Russian Jewish garment worker from Harlem.^[5] He never finished high school and, after serving in the U.S. Army during World War II, worked nights as a clerk sorting mail for the United States Postal Service until his retirement in 1979. Dorothy Faye Hoffman is the daughter of an Orthodox Jewish stationery merchant from Elmira, New York.^[5] She received a bachelor's degree from Syracuse University and a master's degree from the University of Denver, both in library science, and worked until her retirement in 1990 as a librarian for the Brooklyn Public Library.^[6]

Herbert and Dorothy married in 1962, a year after they met, in Elmira.^[7] Early in their marriage, they took painting classes at New York University, but later gave up painting in favor of collecting. They had no children, lived very frugally, and shared their living space with fish, turtles, and cats named after famous painters.^[8]^[9]

Early acquisitions[edit]

One of their earliest acquisitions was a work by Giuseppe Napoli [fr] that Herb bought before marrying Dorothy. They bought a ceramic piece by Pablo Picasso to celebrate their engagement. A piece called Crushed Car Parts by American sculptor John Chamberlain was their first post-wedding acquisition.^[10]

The couple used Dorothy's income to cover their living expenses and instead of eating in restaurants or travelling, they used Herb's income, which peaked at $23,000 annually,^[11] for art. They did not buy for investment purposes, choosing only pieces they personally liked and could carry home on the subway or in a taxi.^[12] They bought directly from the artists, often paying in installments. Once, according to The Washington Post, they received a collage from environmental artist Christo in exchange for cat-sitting.^[13] In 1975, they held the first exhibition of their collection, at the Clocktower Gallery in lower Manhattan.^[9]

The collection[edit]

They amassed a collection of over 4,782 works, which they displayed, and also stored in closets and under the bed, in their rent-controlled one-bedroom apartment on Manhattan's Upper East Side.^[14]^[15] Though their focus was mainly conceptual art and minimalist art,^[16] the collection also includes noteworthy post-minimalist work.^[10] Their collection eventually came to include work from artists such as pop artist Roy Lichtenstein, photographers Cindy Sherman and Lorna Simpson, minimalist Robert Mangold, and post-minimalist Richard Tuttle.

In 1992, the Vogels decided to transfer the entire collection to the National Gallery of Art because it charges no admission, does not sell donated works, and they wanted their art to belong to the public.^[17] In late 2008, they launched The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States along with the National Gallery of Art, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services.^[18] The program donated 2,500 works to 50 institutions across 50 states and was accompanied by a book with the same name.

Documentaries[edit]

Megumi Sasaki has made two documentaries about the Vogels.

Released in 2008, Herb and Dorothy focused on the story of the Vogels, how they amassed their collection, and their donation of it to the National Gallery of Art. It won six awards at five different film festivals.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]

Released in 2013, Herb and Dorothy 50x50 continued from when the previous documentary had ended, and concentrated on the distribution of fifty works from the collection to one museum in each of the fifty states within the U.S. as well as the role that the Vogels and some of the artists had in their exhibition.^[23]

Friendships with notable artists[edit]

The Vogels bought art from and became close friends with influential New York artists of the second half of the 20th century including Sol LeWitt, Richard Tuttle, and many of the artists listed below.^[10]

List of recipient museums[edit]

The recipient museums of the Vogel Collection's Fifty Works for Fifty States program are:

Alabama – Birmingham Museum of Art
Alaska – University of Alaska Museum of the North
Arizona – Phoenix Art Museum
Arkansas – Arkansas Arts Center
California – Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
Colorado – Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center
Connecticut – Yale University Art Gallery
Delaware – Delaware Art Museum
Florida – Miami Art Museum
Georgia – High Museum of Art
Hawaii – Honolulu Museum of Art
Idaho – Boise Art Museum
Illinois – University Museum, Southern Illinois University
Indiana – Indianapolis Museum of Art
Iowa – Museum of Art Cedar Rapids
Kansas – Spencer Museum of Art
Kentucky – Speed Art Museum
Louisiana – New Orleans Museum of Art
Maine – Portland Museum of Art
Maryland – Academy Art Museum
Massachusetts – Harvard Art Museums
Michigan – University of Michigan Museum of Art
Minnesota – Weisman Art Museum
Mississippi – Mississippi Museum of Art
Missouri – Daum Museum of Contemporary Art
Montana – Yellowstone Art Museum
Nebraska – Joslyn Art Museum
Nevada – Marjorie Barrick Museum of Art
New Hampshire – Hood Museum of Art
New Jersey – Montclair Art Museum
New Mexico – New Mexico Museum of Art
New York – Albright-Knox Art Gallery
North Carolina – Weatherspoon Art Museum
North Dakota – Plains Art Museum
Ohio – Akron Art Museum
Oklahoma – Oklahoma City Museum of Art
Oregon – Portland Art Museum
Pennsylvania – Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Rhode Island – Rhode Island School of Design Museum
South Carolina – Columbia Museum of Art
South Dakota – South Dakota Art Museum
Tennessee – Memphis Brooks Museum of Art
Texas – Blanton Museum of Art
Utah – Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art
Vermont – Robert Hull Fleming Museum
Virginia – Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
Washington – Seattle Art Museum
West Virginia – Huntington Museum of Art
Wisconsin – Milwaukee Art Museum
Wyoming – University of Wyoming Art Museum

List of artists[edit]

The artists included in the Vogels' gifts are:

References[edit]

National Gallery of Art, The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States, Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 2008, ISBN 0-615-23271-X
Paoletti. John T., From Minimal to Conceptual Art: Works from the Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection, Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 1994, ISBN 0-89468-206-7

Footnotes[edit]

^ Tully, Judd (7 August 2012). "Remembering Herbert Vogel, The Postman Who Amassed One of America's Greatest Art Collections". ARTINFO. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ "Collector Herbert Vogel has died aged 89". Art Media Agency. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ Pes, Javier (24 July 2012). "US collector extraordinaire dies aged 89". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ "Herbert Vogel obituary". The Washington Post. 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
^ ^a ^b Tablet Magazine accessed Jan. 3, 2011
^ "Herbert Vogel". Herb & Dorothy 50X50. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ "Vogel 50x50". vogel5050.org. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
^ Miller, Stephen (23 July 2012). "REMEMBRANCES: HERBERT VOGEL 1922-2012 Longtime Collector of Works From Before Artists Emerged". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b D'Arcy, David (16 January 1992). "The Unlikely Medici : A Pair of Art Fans Assemble What May Be the 'Premier Collection' of Its Type". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Vogel 50x50: The Collection Goes Public". Retrieved 2009-12-22.
^ Martin, Douglas (23 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ Akst, Daniel (23 July 2012). "In the art world, Herbert Vogel was a mailman who delivered". Newsday. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ Schudel, Matt (2 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, unlikely art collector and benefactor of National Gallery, dies at 89". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ Esman, Abigail (22 July 2012). "Great American Art Collector Herbert Vogel Dies". Forbes. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ Hoffman, Allison (31 December 2009). "The masterpiece under the bed: Film celebrates couple's eclectic collection of contemporary art". Tabletmag.com. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ Beckman, Rachel (2008-06-19). "'Herb and Dorothy': You Can't Spell Heart Without Art". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ Gilbert, Sophie (23 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, Art Collector, Dies". Washingtonian. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
^ "The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
^ "Hamptons International Film Festival » Awards". East Hampton, NY: Hamptons International Film Festival. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
^ Comita, Jenny (November 2008). "Perfect Vision". W Magazine. New York, NY, USA: Condé Nast. Culture > Art & Design. ISSN 0162-9115. OCLC 1781845. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
^ "Herb & Dorothy". arthousefilmsonline.com. New York, NY: Arthouse Films / New Video. July 2009. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
^ "HBO Audience Awards". ptownfilmfest.org. 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
^ O’Sullivan, Michael (2013-10-03). "'Herb and Dorothy 50x50' movie review". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

External links[edit]

Vogel 50/50
The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel papers, 1960-1990, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89; New York Times

[1] Tully, Judd (7 August 2012). "Remembering Herbert Vogel, The Postman Who Amassed One of America's Greatest Art Collections". ARTINFO. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[2] "Collector Herbert Vogel has died aged 89". Art Media Agency. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[3] Pes, Javier (24 July 2012). "US collector extraordinaire dies aged 89". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[4] "Herbert Vogel obituary". The Washington Post. 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.

[tabletmag.com-5] Tablet Magazine accessed Jan. 3, 2011

[6] "Herbert Vogel". Herb & Dorothy 50X50. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[7] "Vogel 50x50". vogel5050.org. Retrieved June 4, 2011.

[8] Miller, Stephen (23 July 2012). "REMEMBRANCES: HERBERT VOGEL 1922-2012 Longtime Collector of Works From Before Artists Emerged". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[D'Arcy-9] D'Arcy, David (16 January 1992). "The Unlikely Medici : A Pair of Art Fans Assemble What May Be the 'Premier Collection' of Its Type". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[NGAbio-10] "Vogel 50x50: The Collection Goes Public". Retrieved 2009-12-22.

[11] Martin, Douglas (23 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[12] Akst, Daniel (23 July 2012). "In the art world, Herbert Vogel was a mailman who delivered". Newsday. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[13] Schudel, Matt (2 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, unlikely art collector and benefactor of National Gallery, dies at 89". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[14] Esman, Abigail (22 July 2012). "Great American Art Collector Herbert Vogel Dies". Forbes. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[15] Hoffman, Allison (31 December 2009). "The masterpiece under the bed: Film celebrates couple's eclectic collection of contemporary art". Tabletmag.com. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[WashPost-16] Beckman, Rachel (2008-06-19). "'Herb and Dorothy': You Can't Spell Heart Without Art". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-06-17.

[17] Gilbert, Sophie (23 July 2012). "Herbert Vogel, Art Collector, Dies". Washingtonian. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

[NGApr-18] "The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-06-19.

[Hamptons_Film_Fest-19] "Hamptons International Film Festival » Awards". East Hampton, NY: Hamptons International Film Festival. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

[Comita-20] Comita, Jenny (November 2008). "Perfect Vision". W Magazine. New York, NY, USA: Condé Nast. Culture > Art & Design. ISSN 0162-9115. OCLC 1781845. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

[Arthouse_Films-21] "Herb & Dorothy". arthousefilmsonline.com. New York, NY: Arthouse Films / New Video. July 2009. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

[Provincetown_International-22] "HBO Audience Awards". ptownfilmfest.org. 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

[O’Sullivan-23] O’Sullivan, Michael (2013-10-03). "'Herb and Dorothy 50x50' movie review". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

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+{{Short description|American art collectors}}
-'''Herbert Vogel''' (August 16, 1922 – July 22, 2012) and '''Dorothy Vogel''' (born 1935), once described as "proletarian art collectors,"<ref>{{cite news|last=Tully|first=Judd|title=Remembering Herbert Vogel, The Postman Who Amassed One of America's Greatest Art Collections|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/815597/remembering-herbert-vogel-the-postman-who-amassed-one-of-americas-greatest-art-collections/page/0/1|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=ARTINFO|date=7 August 2012}}</ref> worked as civil servants in [[New York City]] for more than a half-century while amassing what has been called one of the most important post-1960s art collections in the [[United States]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Collector Herbert Vogel has died aged 89|url=http://www.artmediaagency.com/en/48737/collector-herbert-vogel-has-died-aged-89/|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=Art Media Agency|date=24 July 2012}}</ref> mostly of [[Minimalism|minimalist]] and [[Conceptual Art|conceptual]] art.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pes|first=Javier|title=US collector extraordinaire dies aged 89|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/US+collector+extraordinaire+dies+aged+89/26935|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=The Art Newspaper|date=24 July 2012}}</ref> Herbert Vogel died on July 22, 2012, in a [[Manhattan]] [[nursing home]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Herbert Vogel obituary|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/herbert-vogel-unlikely-art-collector-and-benefactor-of-national-gallery-dies-at-89/2012/07/22/gJQANqOf2W_story.html|accessdate=22 July 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=22 July 2012}}</ref>
+[[File:Herbert and dorothy vogel.jpg|thumb|Herbert and Dorothy Vogel]]
+'''Herbert Vogel''' (August 16, 1922 – July 22, 2012) and '''Dorothy Vogel''' (born 1935), once described as "proletarian art collectors,"<ref>{{cite news|last=Tully|first=Judd|title=Remembering Herbert Vogel, The Postman Who Amassed One of America's Greatest Art Collections|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/815597/remembering-herbert-vogel-the-postman-who-amassed-one-of-americas-greatest-art-collections/page/0/1|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=ARTINFO|date=7 August 2012}}</ref> worked as civil servants in [[New York City]] for more than a half-century while amassing what has been called one of the most important post-1960s art collections in the [[United States]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Collector Herbert Vogel has died aged 89|url=http://www.artmediaagency.com/en/48737/collector-herbert-vogel-has-died-aged-89/|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=Art Media Agency|date=24 July 2012|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174230/http://www.artmediaagency.com/en/48737/collector-herbert-vogel-has-died-aged-89/|url-status=dead}}</ref> mostly of [[Minimalism|minimalist]] and [[Conceptual Art|conceptual]] art.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pes|first=Javier|title=US collector extraordinaire dies aged 89|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/US+collector+extraordinaire+dies+aged+89/26935|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=The Art Newspaper|date=24 July 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104185943/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/US+collector+extraordinaire+dies+aged+89/26935|archivedate=4 January 2015}}</ref> Herbert Vogel died on July 22, 2012, in a [[Manhattan]] [[nursing home]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Herbert Vogel obituary|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/herbert-vogel-unlikely-art-collector-and-benefactor-of-national-gallery-dies-at-89/2012/07/22/gJQANqOf2W_story.html|accessdate=22 July 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=22 July 2012}}</ref>
 ==Early years==
-Herbert Vogel, known as Herb, was the son of a Russian Jewish [[tailor|garment worker]] from [[Harlem]].<ref name="tabletmag.com">[http://www.tabletmag.com/arts-and-culture/22348/on-the-cheap/ ''Tablet Magazine'' accessed Jan. 3, 2011]</ref> He never finished high school and, after serving in the [[U.S. Army]] during [[World War II]], worked nights as a clerk sorting mail for the [[United States Postal Service]] until his retirement in 1979. Dorothy Faye Hoffman was the daughter of an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[stationery]] [[merchant]] from [[Elmira, New York]].<ref name="tabletmag.com"/> She received a [[bachelor's degree]] from [[Syracuse University]] and a [[master's degree]] from the [[University of Denver]], both in [[library science]], and worked until her retirement in 1990 as a [[librarian]] for the [[Brooklyn Public Library]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Herbert Vogel|url=http://herbanddorothy.com/bio|publisher=Herb & Dorothy 50X50|accessdate=8 August 2012}}</ref>
+Herbert Vogel, known as Herb, was the son of a Russian Jewish [[tailor|garment worker]] from [[Harlem]].<ref name="tabletmag.com">[http://www.tabletmag.com/arts-and-culture/22348/on-the-cheap/ ''Tablet Magazine'' accessed Jan. 3, 2011]</ref> He never finished high school and, after serving in the [[U.S. Army]] during [[World War II]], worked nights as a clerk sorting mail for the [[United States Postal Service]] until his retirement in 1979. Dorothy Faye Hoffman is the daughter of an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[stationery]] [[merchant]] from [[Elmira, New York]].<ref name="tabletmag.com"/> She received a [[bachelor's degree]] from [[Syracuse University]] and a [[master's degree]] from the [[University of Denver]], both in [[library science]], and worked until her retirement in 1990 as a [[librarian]] for the [[Brooklyn Public Library]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Herbert Vogel|url=http://herbanddorothy.com/bio|publisher=Herb & Dorothy 50X50|accessdate=8 August 2012|archive-date=25 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125010932/http://herbanddorothy.com/bio|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-Herbert and Dorothy married in 1962, a year after they met, in Elmira.<ref>http://vogel5050.org/#about, Accessed June 4, 2011</ref> Early in their marriage, they took painting classes at [[New York University]], but later gave up painting in favor of collecting. They had no children, lived very frugally, and shared their living space with fish, turtles, and cats named after famous painters.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Stephen|title=REMEMBRANCES: HERBERT VOGEL 1922-2012 Longtime Collector of Works From Before Artists Emerged|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443437504577545440448209790.html|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=23 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="D'Arcy">{{cite news|last=D'Arcy|first=David|title=The Unlikely Medici : A Pair of Art Fans Assemble What May Be the 'Premier Collection' of Its Type|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-01-16/entertainment/ca-257_1_art-collection|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=16 January 1992}}</ref>
+Herbert and Dorothy married in 1962, a year after they met, in Elmira.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vogel5050.org/#about |title=Vogel 50x50 |website=vogel5050.org |access-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref> Early in their marriage, they took painting classes at [[New York University]], but later gave up painting in favor of collecting. They had no children, lived very frugally, and shared their living space with fish, turtles, and cats named after famous painters.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Stephen|title=REMEMBRANCES: HERBERT VOGEL 1922-2012 Longtime Collector of Works From Before Artists Emerged|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443437504577545440448209790|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=23 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="D'Arcy">{{cite news|last=D'Arcy|first=David|title=The Unlikely Medici : A Pair of Art Fans Assemble What May Be the 'Premier Collection' of Its Type|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-01-16/entertainment/ca-257_1_art-collection|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=16 January 1992}}</ref>
 ==Early acquisitions==
-One of their earliest acquisitions was a work by [[Giuseppe Napoli]] that Herb bought before marrying Dorothy. They bought a ceramic piece by [[Pablo Picasso]] to celebrate their engagement. A piece called ''Crushed Car Parts'' by American [[sculptor]] [[John Chamberlain (sculptor)|John Chamberlain]] was their first post-wedding acquisition.<ref name="NGAbio">{{cite web|url=http://vogel5050.org/#about&page=7&image=6|title=Vogel 50x50: The Collection Goes Public|accessdate=2009-12-22}}</ref>
+One of their earliest acquisitions was a work by {{ill|Giuseppe Napoli|fr}} that Herb bought before marrying Dorothy. They bought a ceramic piece by [[Pablo Picasso]] to celebrate their engagement. A piece called ''Crushed Car Parts'' by American [[sculptor]] [[John Chamberlain (sculptor)|John Chamberlain]] was their first post-wedding acquisition.<ref name="NGAbio">{{cite web|url=http://vogel5050.org/#about&page=7&image=6|title=Vogel 50x50: The Collection Goes Public|accessdate=2009-12-22}}</ref>
-The couple used Dorothy's income to cover their living expenses and instead of eating in restaurants or travelling, they used Herb's income, which peaked at $23,000 annually,<ref>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|title=Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/arts/design/herbert-vogel-postal-clerk-and-modern-art-collector-dies-at-89.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>  for art. They didn't buy for investment purposes, choosing only pieces they personally liked and could carry home on the subway or in a taxi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Akst|first=Daniel|title=In the art world, Herbert Vogel was a mailman who delivered|url=http://www.newsday.com/opinion/viewsday-1.3683911/in-the-art-world-herbert-vogel-was-a-mailman-who-delivered-1.3856039|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Newsday|date=23 July 2012}}</ref> They bought directly from the artists, often paying in installments. Once, according to the [[Washington Post]], they received a [[collage]] from environmental artist [[Christo]] in exchange for cat-sitting.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schudel|first=Matt|title=Herbert Vogel, unlikely art collector and benefactor of National Gallery, dies at 89|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/herbert-vogel-unlikely-art-collector-and-benefactor-of-national-gallery-dies-at-89/2012/07/22/gJQANqOf2W_story_1.html|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=Washington Post|date=2 July 2012}}</ref> In 1975, they held the first exhibition of their collection, at the [[Clocktower Gallery]] in [[lower Manhattan]].<ref name="D'Arcy"/>
+The couple used Dorothy's income to cover their living expenses and instead of eating in restaurants or travelling, they used Herb's income, which peaked at $23,000 annually,<ref>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|title=Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/arts/design/herbert-vogel-postal-clerk-and-modern-art-collector-dies-at-89.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 July 2012}}</ref>  for art. They did not buy for investment purposes, choosing only pieces they personally liked and could carry home on the subway or in a taxi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Akst|first=Daniel|title=In the art world, Herbert Vogel was a mailman who delivered|url=http://www.newsday.com/opinion/viewsday-1.3683911/in-the-art-world-herbert-vogel-was-a-mailman-who-delivered-1.3856039|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Newsday|date=23 July 2012}}</ref> They bought directly from the artists, often paying in installments. Once, according to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', they received a [[collage]] from environmental artist [[Christo]] in exchange for cat-sitting.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schudel|first=Matt|title=Herbert Vogel, unlikely art collector and benefactor of National Gallery, dies at 89|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/herbert-vogel-unlikely-art-collector-and-benefactor-of-national-gallery-dies-at-89/2012/07/22/gJQANqOf2W_story_1.html|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2 July 2012}}</ref> In 1975, they held the first exhibition of their collection, at the [[108 Leonard|Clocktower Gallery]] in [[lower Manhattan]].<ref name="D'Arcy"/>
 ==The collection==
-They amassed a collection of over 4,782 works, which they displayed, and also stored in closets and under the bed, in their [[Rent control|rent-controlled]] one-bedroom apartment on [[Manhattan]]'s [[Upper East Side]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Esman|first=Abigail|title=Great American Art Collector Herbert Vogel Dies|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/abigailesman/2012/07/22/great-american-art-collector-herbert-vogel-dies/|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Forbes|date=22 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Allison|title=The masterpiece under the bed: Film celebrates couple’s eclectic collection of contemporary art|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/40904/the-masterpiece-under-the-bed-film-celebrates-couples-eclectic-collection-o/|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=Tabletmag.com|date=31 December 2009}}</ref>  Though their focus was mainly [[conceptual art]] and [[minimalist art]],<ref name="WashPost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/18/AR2008061802720.html|title='Herb and Dorothy': You Can't Spell Heart Without Art|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=2009-06-17 | first=Rachel | last=Beckman | date=2008-06-19}}</ref> the collection also includes noteworthy [[post-minimalist]] work.<ref name="NGAbio"/> Their collection eventually came to include work from artists such as [[Pop Art|pop artist]] [[Roy Lichtenstein]], photographers [[Cindy Sherman]] and [[Lorna Simpson]], minimalist [[Robert Mangold]] and post-minimalist [[Richard Tuttle]].
+They amassed a collection of over 4,782 works, which they displayed, and also stored in closets and under the bed, in their [[Rent control|rent-controlled]] one-bedroom apartment on [[Manhattan]]'s [[Upper East Side]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Esman|first=Abigail|title=Great American Art Collector Herbert Vogel Dies|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/abigailesman/2012/07/22/great-american-art-collector-herbert-vogel-dies/|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Forbes|date=22 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Allison|title=The masterpiece under the bed: Film celebrates couple's eclectic collection of contemporary art|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/40904/the-masterpiece-under-the-bed-film-celebrates-couples-eclectic-collection-o/|accessdate=8 August 2012|newspaper=Tabletmag.com|date=31 December 2009}}</ref>  Though their focus was mainly [[conceptual art]] and [[minimalist art]],<ref name="WashPost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/18/AR2008061802720.html|title='Herb and Dorothy': You Can't Spell Heart Without Art|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=2009-06-17 | first=Rachel | last=Beckman | date=2008-06-19}}</ref> the collection also includes noteworthy [[post-minimalist]] work.<ref name="NGAbio"/> Their collection eventually came to include work from artists such as [[Pop Art|pop artist]] [[Roy Lichtenstein]], photographers [[Cindy Sherman]] and [[Lorna Simpson]], minimalist [[Robert Mangold]], and post-minimalist [[Richard Tuttle]].
-In 1992, the Vogels decided to transfer the entire collection to the [[National Gallery of Art]] because it charges no admission, doesn't sell donated works, and they wanted their art to belong to the public.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilbert|first=Sophie|title=Herbert Vogel, Art Collector, Dies|url=http://www.washingtonian.com/blogs/afterhours/print/2012/07/23/herbert-vogel-art-collector-dies.php|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Washingtonian|date=23 July 2012}}</ref> In late 2008, they launched ''The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States'' along with the [[National Gallery of Art]], the [[National Endowment for the Arts]], and the [[Institute of Museum and Library Services]].<ref name="NGApr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.gov/press/2008/vogel50x50_a.shtm|title=The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States|accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref> The program donated 2,500 works to 50 institutions across 50 states and was accompanied by a book with the same name.
+In 1992, the Vogels decided to transfer the entire collection to the [[National Gallery of Art]] because it charges no admission, does not sell donated works, and they wanted their art to belong to the public.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilbert|first=Sophie|title=Herbert Vogel, Art Collector, Dies|url=http://www.washingtonian.com/blogs/afterhours/print/2012/07/23/herbert-vogel-art-collector-dies.php|accessdate=7 August 2012|newspaper=Washingtonian|date=23 July 2012}}</ref> In late 2008, they launched ''The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States'' along with the [[National Gallery of Art]], the [[National Endowment for the Arts]], and the [[Institute of Museum and Library Services]].<ref name="NGApr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.gov/press/2008/vogel50x50_a.shtm |title=The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States |accessdate=2009-06-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719090831/http://www.nga.gov/press/2008/vogel50x50_a.shtm |archivedate=2011-07-19 }}</ref> The program donated 2,500 works to 50 institutions across 50 states and was accompanied by a book with the same name.
 ==Documentaries==
 [[Megumi Sasaki]] has made two documentaries about the Vogels.
-Released in 2008, ''[[Herb and Dorothy]]'' focused on the story of the Vogels, how they amassed their collection, and their donation of it to the National Gallery of Art. It won six awards at five different film festivals.<ref name="Hamptons Film Fest">{{cite web |url=http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/about-us/awards/ |title=Hamptons International Film Festival » Awards |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022092641/http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/about-us/awards/ |location=East Hampton, NY |publisher=[[Hamptons International Film Festival]] |archivedate=2008-10-22 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=2013-10-03}}</ref><ref name="Comita">{{cite journal |last=Comita |first=Jenny |date=November 2008 |title=Perfect Vision |journal=[[W Magazine]] |at=Culture > Art & Design |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications|Condé Nast]] |accessdate=2013-10-03 |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2008/11/vogels/ |issn = 0162-9115 |oclc = 1781845}}</ref><ref name="Arthouse Films">{{cite web |title=Herb & Dorothy |url=http://www.arthousefilmsonline.com/2009/07/herb-dorothy.html |work=arthousefilmsonline.com |publisher=Arthouse Films / New Video |location=New York, NY |accessdate=2013-10-03 |date=July 2009}}</ref><ref name="Provincetown International">{{cite web |url=http://www.ptownfilmfest.org/info/awards.php?categoryName=HBO%20Audience%20Awards |title=HBO Audience Awards |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002161329/http://www.ptownfilmfest.org/info/awards.php?categoryName=HBO%20Audience%20Awards |archivedate=2013-10-02 |deadurl=no |accessdate=2013-10-03 |work=ptownfilmfest.org |at=2009}}</ref>
+Released in 2008, ''[[Herb and Dorothy]]'' focused on the story of the Vogels, how they amassed their collection, and their donation of it to the National Gallery of Art. It won six awards at five different film festivals.<ref name="Hamptons Film Fest">{{cite web |url=http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/about-us/awards/ |title=Hamptons International Film Festival » Awards |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022092641/http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/about-us/awards/ |location=East Hampton, NY |publisher=[[Hamptons International Film Festival]] |archivedate=2008-10-22 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2013-10-03}}</ref><ref name="Comita">{{cite journal |last=Comita |first=Jenny |date=November 2008 |title=Perfect Vision |journal=[[W Magazine]] |at=Culture > Art & Design |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications|Condé Nast]] |accessdate=2013-10-03 |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2008/11/vogels/ |issn = 0162-9115 |oclc = 1781845}}</ref><ref name="Arthouse Films">{{cite web |title=Herb & Dorothy |url=http://www.arthousefilmsonline.com/2009/07/herb-dorothy.html |work=arthousefilmsonline.com |publisher=Arthouse Films / New Video |location=New York, NY |accessdate=2013-10-03 |date=July 2009}}</ref><ref name="Provincetown International">{{cite web|url=http://www.ptownfilmfest.org/info/awards.php?categoryName=HBO%20Audience%20Awards |title=HBO Audience Awards |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002161329/http://www.ptownfilmfest.org/info/awards.php?categoryName=HBO%20Audience%20Awards |archivedate=2013-10-02 |url-status=live |accessdate=2013-10-03 |work=ptownfilmfest.org |at=2009 }}</ref>
-Released in 2013, ''Herb and Dorothy 50x50'' continued from when the previous documentary had ended, and concentrated on the distribution of fifty works from the collection to one museum in each of the fifty states within the U.S. as well as the role that the Vogels and some of the artists had in their exhibition.<ref name="O’Sullivan">{{cite journal |last=O’Sullivan |first=Michael |date=2013-10-03 |title=‘Herb and Dorothy 50x50’ movie review |journal=[[The Washington Post]] |location=Washington, DC |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=2269358 |accessdate=2013-10-03 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/herb-and-dorothy-50x50-movie-review/2013/10/02/99accbd2-26ec-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html}}</ref>
+Released in 2013, ''Herb and Dorothy 50x50'' continued from when the previous documentary had ended, and concentrated on the distribution of fifty works from the collection to one museum in each of the fifty states within the U.S. as well as the role that the Vogels and some of the artists had in their exhibition.<ref name="O’Sullivan">{{cite news |last=O’Sullivan |first=Michael |date=2013-10-03 |title='Herb and Dorothy 50x50' movie review |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=Washington, DC |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=2269358 |accessdate=2013-10-03 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/herb-and-dorothy-50x50-movie-review/2013/10/02/99accbd2-26ec-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html}}</ref>
 ==Friendships with notable artists==
@@ Line 32: / Line 34: @@
 ==List of recipient museums==
 The recipient museums of the Vogel Collection's Fifty Works for Fifty States program are:
-{{col-begin}}
+{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
-{{col-5}}
 * Alabama – [[Birmingham Museum of Art]]
 * Alaska – [[University of Alaska Museum of the North]]
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
 * Florida – [[Miami Art Museum]]
 * Georgia – [[High Museum of Art]]
-{{col-5}}
 * Hawaii – [[Honolulu Museum of Art]]
 * Idaho – [[Boise Art Museum]]
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 * Maine – [[Portland Museum of Art]]
 * Maryland – [[Academy Art Museum]]
-{{col-5}}
 * Massachusetts – [[Harvard Art Museums]]
 * Michigan – [[University of Michigan Museum of Art]]
@@ Line 63: / Line 62: @@
 * Montana – [[Yellowstone Art Museum]]
 * Nebraska – [[Joslyn Art Museum]]
-* Nevada – [[Donna Beam Fine Art Gallery]]
+* Nevada – [[Marjorie Barrick Museum of Art]]
 * New Hampshire – [[Hood Museum of Art]]
 * New Jersey – [[Montclair Art Museum]]
-{{col-5}}
 * New Mexico – [[New Mexico Museum of Art]]
 * New York – [[Albright-Knox Art Gallery]]
@@ Line 77: / Line 75: @@
 * Rhode Island – [[Rhode Island School of Design Museum]]
 * South Carolina – [[Columbia Museum of Art]]
-{{col-5}}
 * South Dakota – [[South Dakota Art Museum]]
 * Tennessee – [[Memphis Brooks Museum of Art]]
@@ Line 88: / Line 85: @@
 * Wisconsin – [[Milwaukee Art Museum]]
 * Wyoming – [[University of Wyoming]] Art Museum
-{{col-end}}
+{{div col end}}
 ==List of artists==
 The artists included in the Vogels' gifts are:
-{{col-begin}}
+{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
-{{col-4}}
 * [[Gregory Amenoff]]
 * [[Eric Amouyal]]
@@ Line 114: / Line 110: @@
 * [[Ronald Bladen]]
 * [[Dike Blair]]
-* [[William (Bill) Bollinger]]
+* [[Bill Bollinger|William (Bill) Bollinger]]
 * [[Gary Bower]]
 * [[Lisa Bradley]]
 * [[Richmond Burton]]
-* [[André Cadéré]]
+* [[André Cadere]]
-* [[Loren Calaway]]
+* {{ill|Loren D. Calaway|de}}
 * [[Peter Campus]]
 * [[McWillie Chambers]]
 * [[Ann Chernow]]
 * [[Chryssa]]
-* [[Michael Clark (Clark Fox)]]
+* [[Clark V. Fox|Michael Clark (Clark Fox)]]
 * [[John Clem Clarke]]
-* [[Charles Clough]]
+* [[Charles Clough (artist)|Charles Clough]]
 * [[Kathleen Cooke]]
 * [[Peggy Cyphers]]
 * [[Gene Davis (painter)|Gene Davis]]
-* [[Claudia de Monte]]
+* [[Claudia DeMonte]]
 * [[Stuart Diamond]]
 * [[Lois Dodd]]
@@ Line 138: / Line 134: @@
 * [[Benni Efrat]]
 * [[William Fares]]
-{{col-4}}
 * [[R.M. Fischer]]
 * [[Joel Fisher (artist)|Joel Fisher]]
@@ Line 149: / Line 144: @@
 * [[David Gilhooly]]
 * [[Michael Goldberg (painter)|Michael Goldberg]]
-* [[Ronald Gorchov]]
+* [[Ron Gorchov]]
 * [[Sidney Gordin]]
 * [[Dan Graham]]
@@ Line 157: / Line 152: @@
 * [[William L. Haney]]
 * [[Don Hazlitt]]
-* [[Jene Highstein]]
+* {{ill|Jene Highstein|sv}}
 * [[Stewart Hitch]]
 * [[Jim Hodges (artist)|Jim Hodges]]
@@ Line 183: / Line 178: @@
 * [[Ronnie Landfield]]
 * [[Michael Lash]]
-{{col-4}}
 * [[John Latham (artist)|John Latham]]
 * [[Michael Lathrop]]
@@ Line 192: / Line 186: @@
 * [[Roy Lichtenstein]]
 * [[Robert Lawrance Lobe]]
-* Michael Lucero
+* [[Michael Lucero (sculptor)|Michael Lucero]]
 * [[Robert Mangold]]
 * [[Sylvia Plimack Mangold]]
-* [[Andy Mann]]
+* {{ill|Andy Mann|de}}
 * [[Antoni Miralda]]
-* [[William Morehouse]]
+* [[William Paul Morehouse]]
 * [[Kyle Morris]]
 * [[Vik Muniz]]
 * [[Takashi Murakami]]
-* [[Catherine E. Murphy]]
+* [[Catherine Murphy (artist)|Catherine E. Murphy]]
 * [[Elizabeth Murray (artist)|Elizabeth Murray]]
 * [[Forrest Myers]]
-* [[Giuseppe Napoli]]
+* {{ill|Giuseppe Napoli|fr}}
 * [[Joseph Nechvatal]]
 * [[Richard Nonas]]
@@ Line 216: / Line 210: @@
 * [[Lil Picard]]
 * [[Larry Poons]]
-* [[Katherine Porter (artist)|Katherine Porter]]
+* [[Katherine Porter]]
 * [[Lucio Pozzi]]
 * [[David Rabinowitch]]
 * [[David Reed (artist)|David Reed]]
 * [[Edda Renouf]]
-* [[Edward Renouf]]
+* [[Edward Renouf (artist)|Edward Renouf]]
 * [[Judy Rifka]]
 * [[Rodney Ripps]]
@@ Line 228: / Line 222: @@
 * [[Christy Rupp]]
 * [[David Salle]]
-{{col-4}}
 * [[John Salt]]
 * [[Alan Saret]]
@@ Line 274: / Line 267: @@
 * [[Joe Zucker]]
 * [[Michael Zwack]]
-{{col-end}}
+{{div col end}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 280: / Line 273: @@
 ==References==
-* National Gallery of Art, ''The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States'', Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 2008, ISBN 0-615-23271-X
+* National Gallery of Art, ''The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection: Fifty Works for Fifty States'', Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 2008, {{ISBN|0-615-23271-X}}
-* Paoletti. John T., ''From Minimal to Conceptual Art: Works from the Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection'', Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 1994, ISBN 0-89468-206-7
+* Paoletti. John T., ''From Minimal to Conceptual Art: Works from the Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Collection'', Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, 1994, {{ISBN|0-89468-206-7}}
 == Footnotes ==
@@ Line 289: / Line 282: @@
 * [http://vogel5050.org/ Vogel 50/50]
 * [http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/collection/vogedoro.htm The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel papers, 1960-1990], Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
-* [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/arts/design/herbert-vogel-postal-clerk-and-modern-art-collector-dies-at-89.html?pagewanted=all  Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89; New York Times]
+* [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/arts/design/herbert-vogel-postal-clerk-and-modern-art-collector-dies-at-89.html?pagewanted=all  Herbert Vogel, Fabled Art Collector, Dies at 89; New York Times]
-{{Persondata
-| NAME              = Vogel, Herbert And Dorothy
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American art collectors
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1935
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     =
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Vogel, Herbert And Dorothy}}
 [[Category:American art collectors]]
 [[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
-[[Category:Jewish American art collectors]]
+[[Category:Jewish art collectors]]
+[[Category:American women art collectors]]
+[[Category:Married couples]]
+[[Category:Jews from New York (state)]]