Worcester, Massachusetts

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Worcester (pronounced /ˈwʊstɚ/) is a city in the state of Massachusetts in the United States of America. A 2004 estimate put the population at 175,966, making it the third-largest city in New England, behind Boston and Providence, Rhode Island. Worcester is the second-largest city in Massachusetts, and the county seat of Worcester County. Citizens of Worcester are called Worcesterites. In 2005, the city ranked as the United States's 126th most populous city and is the core of the 64th most populous metropolitan area in the country. It marks the western periphery of the Boston-Worcester-Manchester(NH) Combined Statistical Area (CSA), the fifth largest in the United States.

History

Worcester was first settled in 1673 and was officially incorporated in 1684. The settlement was named after the historical city of Worcester, UK. The settlement was established as a town in 1722, and chartered as a city in 1848. When the government of Worcester County was established on April 2, 1731, Worcester was chosen as its shire town (later known as a county seat). From that date until the dissolution of the county government on July 1, 1998, it was the only county seat.

John Adams taught at the village schoolhouse in Worcester before returning to Braintree to practice law.

On June 9, 1953, Worcester was hit by a tornado that killed 94 people and damaged a large part of the city. It was the deadliest tornado in New England history. The tornado struck the then-campus of Assumption College (currently Quinsigamond Community College).

The "Worcester Six"

On December 3, 1999, a five-alarm fire broke out in an abandoned cold storage warehouse 5 blocks east of the downtown business district, near the Union Station train station. Fire companies from throughout the city and neighboring towns were called in.

Due to reports that homeless persons were possibly inside, fire rescue personnel began a search of the six-story building. The firefighters' task was made extremely difficult by the large size of the building's interior, and the highly flammable composition of its interior insulation. Over nearly a century's use, the interior walls were progressively covered with various forms of insulating materials, including cork inpregnated with tar, polystyrene, and polyurethane foam, to a thickness of 18 inches of highly combustable material. Once ignited, the huge amount of fuel, fed initially by the large volume of air in the building, became virtually inextinguishable. The 6-story building's exterior walls were constructed of approximately 18 inches of brick and mortar, with no windows above the second floor level. The lack of available windows prevented firefighting personnel from making an accurate initial assessment of the fire. Initial breaching of lower-floor doors, combined with venting the building by smashing a roof skylight which resided over an elevator shaft, effectively turned the building into a huge chimney. With the fire rapidly accelerating out of control, rescue teams facing near-zero visibility became lost, with available breathing oxygen depeleted. Despite repeated radio calls for help, along with activation of audible location alarms, 6 firefighters, who have since became known as the "Worcester Six", perished in the blaze.

Source: http://www.usfa.dhr.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-134.pdf

Services for the firefighters were held in the DCU Center (then called the Worcester Centrum Centre). The funeral procession was broadcast on several national news networks and was attended by Bill Clinton, Al Gore and Edward Kennedy. City leaders plan to erect a memorial to the Six in Institute Park, behind the Grove Street fire station. A new fire station is planned for the space formerly occupied by the cold storage facility.[1]

Worcester firsts

Geography

Worcester Massachsetts And The Surrounding Area

Worcester is located at 42°16′8″N 71°48′14″W / 42.26889°N 71.80389°W / 42.26889; -71.80389Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (42.268843, -71.803774)Template:GR. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 99.9 km² (38.6 mi²). 97.3 km² (37.6 mi²) of it is land and 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it (2.59%) is water.

Worcester is bordered by the towns of Auburn, Boylston, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Paxton, Shrewsbury, and West Boylston.

The Blackstone River passes through Worcester, but is almost completely covered as it passes through. Water Street (the traditional hub of Worcester's Jewish population, famed for its bakeries), and the appearance of the river just south of the city, are the only indications of its existence. Just as in Rome, Italy, there are seven very steep hills that distinguish its topography: Airport Hill, Bancroft Hill, Belmont Hill (Bell Hill), Grafton Hill, Green Hill, Pakachoag Hill and Vernon Hill. Lake Quinsigamond, on its eastern border, is frequently the site of rowing competitions.

ZIP codes in Worcester are 01601-01610 and 01653-01655.

Climate

Worcester experiences a continental climate that is very common in New England. The weather, like much of New England, changes rapidly. Summers are typically warm and humid, while winters are cold, windy and snowy. It has been known to snow in October. The USDA rates the city at Zone 5 for growing plants.

Summer in Worcester can be hot, with temperatures in the 90s, though it is just as possible for a day in late May to remain in the 40s. The hottest month is July, with an average high of 79 °F (26 °C) and a low of 61 °F (16 °C). The coldest month is January, with an average high of 31 °F (-1 °C) and a low of 16 °F (-9 °C). Periods exceeding 90 °F in summer and below 10 °F in winter are not uncommon, but rarely prolonged. The record high temperature is 102 °F (39 °C), recorded in the summer of 1943. The record low temperature is -24 °F (-31 °C), recorded the winter of 1911.

The city averages 49 in (1,246 mm) of precipitation a year, including averaging 68 in (172 cm) of snowfall a season, receiving more snow than coastal locations less than 40 miles away. Massachusetts' geographic location's jutting out into the North Atlantic also make the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can dump more than 20 in (50 cm) of snow on the region in one storm event.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Avg high °F
(°C) 		31
(-1) 		34
(1) 		43
(6) 		54
(12) 		66
(19) 		74
(23) 		79
(26) 		77
(25) 		69
(21) 		58
(14) 		47
(8) 		36
(2) 		55.7
(13.0)
Avg low °F
(°C) 		16
(-9) 		18
(-8) 		26
(-3) 		36
(2) 		46
(8) 		55
(13) 		61
(16) 		59
(15) 		51
(11) 		41
(5) 		32
(0) 		22
(-6) 		38.6
(3.7)
Rainfall in inches
(millimeters) 		4.07
(103.4) 		3.10
(78.7) 		4.23
(107.4) 		3.92
(99.6) 		4.35
(110.5) 		4.02
(102.1) 		4.19
(106.4) 		4.09
(103.9) 		4.27
(108.5) 		4.67
(118.6) 		4.34
(110.2) 		3.80
(96.5) 		49.05
(1245.80)

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 172,648 people, 67,028 households, and 39,211 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,774.8/km² (4,596.5/mi²). There were 70,723 housing units at an average density of 727.0/km² (1,882.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.11% White, 6.89% African American, 0.45% Native American, 4.87% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 7.24% from other races, and 3.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.15% of the population.

There were 67,028 households out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.11.

The population is spread out with 23.6% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median household income is $35,623, and the median family income is $42,988. Males had a median income of $36,190 versus $28,522 for females. The per capita income is $18,614. About 14.1% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over.

Of the city's population over 25, 76.7% are high school graduates and 23.3% have a bachelor's degree.

Worcester
Population (1880-2004)[1]
1840 7,497
1850 17,049
1860 24,960
1870 41,105
1880 58,291
1890 84,655
1900 118,421
1910 145,986
1920 179,754
1930 195,311
1940 193,694
1950 203,486
1960 186,587
1970 176,572
1980 161,799
1990 169,759
2000 172,648
2004 175,966 (est.)[citation needed]

Government

Worcester is governed by a Council-Manager type of government with a popularly elected mayor. A city council acts as the legislative body, and the council-appointed manager handles the traditional day to day chief executive functions.

City councilors can run as either a representative of a city district or as an at-large candidate. The winning at-large candidate who receives the greatest number of votes for mayor becomes the mayor (at large councilor candidates must ask to be removed from the ballot for mayor if they do not want to be listed on the mayoral ballot). As a result, voters must vote for their mayoral candidate twice, once as an at large councilor, and once as the mayor. The mayor has no more authority than other city councilors, but is the ceremonial head of the city and chair of the city council. Currently, there are 11 councilors: 6 at-large and 5 district.

Worcester's first charter, which went into effect in 1848, established a Mayor/Bicameral form of government. Together, the two chambers -- the 11-member Board of Aldermen and the 30-member Common Council -- were vested with complete legislative powers. The mayor handled all administrative departments, though appointments to those departments had to be approved by the two-chamber City Council.

Seeking to replace the old outdated charter, Worcester voters in November 1947 approved of a change to Plan E municipal government. In effect from January 1949 until November 1985, this charter (as outlined in chapter 43 of the Massachusetts General Laws) established City Council/City Manager government. This type of governance, with modifications, has survived to the present day.

Initially, Plan E government in Worcester was organized as a 9-member council (all at-large), a ceremonial mayor elected from the council by the councilors, and a council-appointed city manager. The manager oversees the daily administration of the city, makes all appointments to city offices, and can be removed at any time by a majority vote of the Council. The mayor chairs the city council and the school committee, and does not have the power to veto any vote.

In 1983, Worcester voters again decided to change the city charter. This "Home Rule" charter (named for the method of adoption of the charter) is similar to Plan E, the major changes being to the structure of the council and the election of the mayor. The 9-member Council became 11, 6 At-Large and 1 from each city district. The mayor is chosen by popular election, but must run as an At-Large Councilor.

Template:Infobox Mass Town Govt

Worcester has the following sister city:

Economy

Postcard view of Lincoln Square in the city (undated)

Historically, Worcester's economic roots were tied to the Blackstone River. Textiles, shoes, and finished clothing were some of the first successful industries in the city. A second wave of manufacturing facilities soon came on the scene to further develop Worcester into a manufacturing center. Wire and machinery were the strengths of this economic cycle.

Today, Worcester's economy is diversified. Morgan Construction, a world leader in the design and manufacture of steel rolling mills, has their world headquarters based in Worcester. Saint-Gobain has a substantial presence in the city. The corporation purchased the Norton Company in 1990, a national leader in the manufacture of abrasives.

Worcester has also reinvented itself into a biotechnology, research,education and financial focus. Worcester has developed a biotechnology industrial park on the east side of the city. Many smaller firms have facilities there. Abbott Laboratories operates a research center there and is one of Worcester's larger employers. Located closeby is the University of Massachusetts Medical School, which is one of the best teaching hospitals in the country. The medical school also has extensive medical research facilities, as well as serving as a facility for medical care for area residents. In the financial sector, Hanover Insurance maintains their national headquarters in the City. The insurer specializes in property and casualty products. UnumProvident also has a substantial presence. This international disability insurer operates its Paul Revere Insurance Division here.

Due to Worcester's location outside Greater Boston, the city also functions as a commuter community to some. Increasing numbers of residents are driving or using public transportation to arrive at their places of work in the Boston metropolitan area less than 40 miles away[citation needed].

Education

At present, Worcester has 9 colleges and universities located throughout the City. The oldest, founded in 1843 is the College of the Holy Cross, the oldest Roman Catholic college in New England and one of the oldest in the United States. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1865 has strengths in engineering and biotechnology. Clark University, founded in 1887,is located in the Main South area. It has historic strengths in psychology and geography. The University of Massachusetts Medical School (1970) and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences-Worcester Campus (2000) are relative newcomers to Worcester. The UMass Medical School is ranked 4th in primary care education among the nation’s 125 medical schools in the 2006 U.S.News & World Report annual guide, “America’s Best Graduate Schools”. Other colleges and universities located here include Worcester State College, Assumption College, Becker College, and Quinsigamond Community College. All offer degrees in many disciplines.

Oread Institute ( closed 1881), Worcester Junior College (merged with Nichols College-1989), Central New England College (closed 1989), are no longer here.

Many of these institutions participate in the Colleges of Worcester Consortium. This independent non-profit collegiate association operates and facilitates cooperation among the colleges and universities, for example, through its inter-college shuttle bus and student cross registration. The consortium includes all academic institutions in Worcester County, whether within or outside the city boundaries.

Worcester's Public School System consists of more than 25,000 students in Kindergarten through 12th grade. The system consists of 35 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, 5 high schools, and 13 other learning centers such as magnet schools, alternative schools, and special education schools. The city's public school system also administers an adult education component called ""Night Life"", and operates a cable accessable television station, Channel 11. 21 Private and parochial schools are also found throughout the city.

Culture

Landmarks

File:DodgeParkGazeboAndTerraceWorcesterMA-June18,2004.jpg
The Dodge Park Gazebo
The Turtle-Boy Love Statue

Worcester counts within its borders over 1200 acres (5 km²) of publicly owned property. Elm Park, purchased in 1854 and laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, was not only the first public park in the city (after the 8 acre (32,000 m²) Common, 1669) but also one of the first of its kind in the nation. Both the City Common and Elm Park are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 1903 the Green family donated the 549 acres (2.2 km²) of Green Hill area land to the city, making Green Hill Park the largest in the city. In June 2002, city and state leaders dedicated the state's Vietnam Veterans Memorial on the Green Hill Park grounds.

Worcester is home to the American Antiquarian Society, Higgins Armory Museum (the largest collection of arms and armor in the western hemisphere), the Worcester Art Museum, Mechanics Hall, the EcoTarium, and the DCU Center (formerly the Worcester Centrum).

Worcester's Union Station, has been recently renovated in the French Renaissance style. The station, once serving 10,000 passengers daily, is now home to an intermodal terminal, a restaurant, and The FDR American Heritage Center Museum and Special Collection showcase.

Worcester also has its share of quirky landmarks. For example, the American Sanitary Plumbing Museum on Piedmont Street is home to a collection of toilets and sinks from various periods of history. The Burnside Fountain, located on the south side of the Worcester Common, is known to locals as "The Turtle-Boy Love Statue". The fountain features a boy and a turtle engaged in what many observers believe to be an obscene act.

Media

See also: Media of Worcester, Massachusetts

The Worcester Telegram & Gazette (owned by the New York Times Company)is Worcester's daily newspaper. The city is also served by a number of smaller publications such as Worcester Magazine, Worcester Buisiness Journal, and InCity Times.

Radio Stations primarily serving the Worcester market include Adult contemporary music stations WSRS FM 96.1 and WXLO FM 104.5, news and information WTAG AM 580, talk radio WCRN AM 830, hispanic station WORC AM 1310, sports radio WVEI AM 1440 (primarily a simulcast feeder staion to WEEI in Boston), community station WCUW FM 91.3, WICN FM 90.5, Worcester's NPR affiliate, and college station WCHC FM 88.1.

Worcester is primarily served by the Boston television market. The Boston television DMA is the fifth largest in the United States.[2] The city is served by stations representing every major American network including WBZ 4 (CBS), WCVB 5 (ABC), WHDH 7 (NBC), WFXT 25 (Fox), WSBK 38 (Independent), and WLVI 56 (CW). Worcester is also serviced by PBS station WGBH 2, which also operates WGBX 44. WGBH is a major producer of PBS programs. Worcester also is home to a hispanic station, WUNI-TV, which has an affiliation with Univision and serves the Worcester and Boston television markets. In addition, Charter Communications operates WCTR TV3. The station broadcasts local news for Worcester area residents. It has an affiliation with NECN. The cable company also offers community programming on WCCA-TV (Channel 13).

Sports

Currently, Worcester is home to 2 professional sports franchises. The Worcester Sharks play in the American Hockey League, a developmental team for the National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks. 2006-2007 is the teams inaugural season. The team replaced the Worcester IceCats minor league ice hockey team, when the franchise moved to Peoria, Illinois in 2005.

Professional baseball in Worcester is represented by the Worcester Tornadoes baseball team, playing it's first season in 2005. The organization is a private enterprise, headed by business leaders in central Massachusetts. The team currently plays its games at Hanover Insurance Park on the campus of the College of the Holy Cross. The team will play against area rivals in the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball League. It is not affiliated with any Major League Baseball team. They finished their inaugural season by winning the Can-Am championship, sweeping the Quebec Capitales in three games in the final series. The name was chosen from among 1000 entries in a two-month-long naming contest. The "Tornadoes" refers to the deadly tornado that struck Worcester and central Massachusetts in 1953.

Lake Quinsigamond is home to the Eastern Sprints, one of the east coast of the United States premier rowing events.

Professional teams that have moved on from the city include the New England Blazers are a Major League Lacrosse team that played at the Worcester Centrum during the 1980s, the Massachusetts Maurauders, an Arena Football League team that played at the Worcester Centrum during the 1994 season, and the Bay State Bombardiers of the Continental Basketball League,who played in the Worcester Auditorium from 1984 to 1986.

In 2002, Worcester's Jesse Burkett Little League baseball team competed in the Little League World Series's U.S. Final. Though the Burkett team lost to the Little League All-Stars from Louisville, Kentucky, their second-place finish was the best in the history of Massachusetts Little League baseball.[2]

Worcester has a long storied past with sports teams and sporting events. The Worcesters, a defunct Major League Baseball team, was one of the first teams to play in the nascent National League. This team, which operated from 1880 to 1882, is believed to be the only major league team in history to not have an attached nickname. The team's home field, the Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds, off of Sever Street in Worcester (near the present site of Becker College's Worcester campus), was the site of the first recorded perfect game in professional baseball. Pitcher John Lee Richmond achieved this feat on June 12, 1880, against the Cleveland Blues.

Golf's Ryder Cup's first official tournament was played at the Worcester Country Club in 1927. The course also hosted the U.S. Open in 1925, and the U.S. Women's Open in 1960. The Centrum (now DCU Center) was home to the Virginia Slims of New England women's tennis tournament for a few years in the late 1980's. Martina Navratilova, Chris Evert, and Steffi Graf were some of the outstanding players who participated in the tournaments. Various boxing title bouts have been fought in Worcester. The NCAA National Division I hockey and Division I basketball early rounds have been contested here. Charlie's Surplus Road Race fielded many outstanding world class runners before ending in the early 1990's. Candlepin bowling was invented in Worcester in 1880 by Justin White, an area bowling alley owner.

Popular Culture

The smiley face, a yellow button with a smile and two dots representing eyes and a half circle representing a mouth, was invented by Harvey Ball in 1963 for Worcester based insurance firm State Mutual Life Assurance. Today, the image as gained worldwide acceptance.

Wormtown is a regional nickname associated with Worcester, Massachusetts, originally used to refer to the ethos of its underground musical subculture, but later applying to the city itself.

In September, 1982, the rock band the Rolling Stones played an unscheduled performance at local nightclub Sir Morgan's Cove (now The Lucky Dog) before embarking on their national tour that year.

"Worcester" is correctly pronounced with two syllables, not three (IPA: [ˈwʊstər]listen). However, some residents pronounce "Worcester" to rhyme with "mister". (The speakers in that group have the non-rhotic accent common in New England, and so would say /ˈwɨstɐ/, or "Woos-tuh".) Frequently, the city is mispelled as "Worchester", but that iteration has not proper for the city's name.

Infrastructure

Health and Medicine

Worcester is home to the University of Massachusetts Medical School,ranked fourth in primary care education among the nation’s 125 medical schools in the 2006 U.S.News & World Report annual guide, “America’s Best Graduate Schools.” The School also operates UMass Memorial Health Care, the clinical arm of the teaching hospital. St. Vincent Hospital in the downtown area rounds out Worcester's primary care facilities. Fallon Community Health Plan is also based in Worcester, one of the largest Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in the State.

Transportation

Highways

Two interstate highways run through Worcester. Interstate 290 is a spur route off the Mass Pike (I-90). As one of the main toll-free alternatives to the Mass Pike, I-290 currently carries approximately 125,000 vehicles per day in the city [3], more than the road's design limit of 70,000. Interstate 190 is a spur from I-290 to Route 2, in the north. I-190 joins I-290 at an interchange in north-central Worcester. I-190 links Worcester to the twin cities of Fitchburg and Leominster of northern Worcester County. Worcester serves as a hub for several smaller Massachusetts state highways.

Route 9 links the city to its eastern and western suburbs, Shrewsbury, and Leicester. Route 9 runs the entire length of the state, connecting Massachusetts with New York State. Route 12 was the primary route north to Fitchburg until the completion of I-190. Route 12 also connected Worcester to Webster before I-395 was completed. It also still serves as an alternate route. Route 146, the Worcester-Providence Highway connnects the eponymous cities. Plans are underway to complete the final sections in Worcester to make the road a divided highway along its entire length. Route 20 touches the southernmost tip of Worcester. It is a coast-to-coast route connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and is the longest road in the United States[4].

Public Transportation

File:WorcesterStationMBTA.agr.jpg
Union Station, Worcester

The Worcester Regional Transit Authority, or RTA, manages the municipal bus system. Buses operate intracity as well as connect Worcester to surrounding central Massachusetts communities. The RTA also operates a shuttle bus between member institutions of the Colleges of Worcester Consortium. Many people also rely on the two taxi companies (known as Red Cab and Yellow Cab) operating in Worcester.

Worcester is the last stop on the Worcester/Framingham commuter rail line run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Union Station, an early-20th century structure restored to full operation in 2000, serves as the hub for commuter railway traffic. It is also an Amtrak station, serving the Lake Shore Limited from Boston to Chicago, Illinois.

In addition, the Worcester Bus Station was recently relocated to Worcester Intermodal Center at Union Station. From here, Peter Pan Bus Lines services other points in the Northeast.

Airport

File:Worcester Airport.jpg
Worcester Regional Airport

The Worcester Regional Airport lies at the top of the city's highest hill. Currently, Massport manages the airport for the City. After a number of successful years of commercial air travel, the airport was devoid of airline carriers after US Airways, the last holdout, withdrew in February 2003. Attempts to draw commercial service back to the airport had been unsuccessful until late September 2005, when Allegiant Air, a small Las Vegas-based airline, announced plans to create leisure-based routes to Florida. The airline began testing the market by starting a non-stop run from Worcester to Orlando-Sanford Airport on December 22, 2005. Allegiant Air suspended service September 2006. Worcester remains hopeful to attract another commercial carrier in the future. The airport also remains open for use by private and business flights. Boston-based CBS affiliate WBZ-TV installed a Doppler radar weather station at the station for use in their televised weather reports.

Many Worcester residents utilize Logan International Airport in Boston or T.F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island for their commercial flights.

Utilities

Worcester has a municipally owned water supply. Sewage disposal services are provided by the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District, which services Worcester as well as some surrounding communities. National Grid is the exclusive distributor of electric power to the city, though due to deregulation, customers now have a choice of electric generation companies. Natural gas is distributed by NSTAR Gas; only commercial and industrial customers may choose an alternate natural gas supplier. Verizon, successor to New England Telephone, NYNEX, and Bell Atlantic, is the primary wired telephone service provider for the area. Phone service is also available from various national wireless companies. Cable television is available from Charter Communications, with Broadband Internet access also provided. A variety of DSL providers and resellers are able to provide broadband Internet over Verizon-owned phone lines.


See also

References

  • City Parks. Retrieved June 23, 2004.
  • Considering Worcester's Charter (1999). Retrieved June 17, 2004. (PDF-document)
  • Flynn, Sean (2002). 3000 Degrees: The True Story of a Deadly Fire and the Men who Fought It. New York: Warner Books.
  • ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, United States Census Bureau, accessed May 14, 2006
  • ^ Nielsen Media - DMA Listing (September 24 2005).

    • External links

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