Clan Livingstone: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} |
{{Short description|Highland Scottish clan}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} |
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{{Use British English|date=July 2015}} |
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}} |
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{{Infobox clan |
{{Infobox clan |
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|image badge |
| image badge = Clan member crest badge - Clan MacLea.svg |
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|clan name |
| clan name = Clan Livingstone |
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|chiefs crest |
| chiefs crest = A demi-man representing the figure of Saint Moluag Proper, his head ensigned of a circle of glory Or, having about his shoulders a cloak Vert, holding in his dexter hand the great Staff of Saint Moluag Proper and in his sinister hand a cross crosslet fitchée Azure.<ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest.htm|title=Clan Crest|access-date=2007-05-11|website=clanmclea.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090503/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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|chiefs motto |
| chiefs motto = ''NI MI E MA'S URRAIN DHOMH''<ref name="Matriculation">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Matriculation.htm|title=Matriculation|access-date=2008-03-04|website=clanmclea.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828061148/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Matriculation.htm|archive-date=28 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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|chiefs slogan |
| chiefs slogan = ''CNOC AINGEIL''<ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest"/> |
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|district |
| district = [[Argyll]] |
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|origins |
| origins = |
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|gaelic names |
| gaelic names = ''Mac Dhunnshleibhe'' and ''Mac an Léigh'' |
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|image arms |
| image arms = Arms of Livingstone of Bachuil.svg |
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|plant badge |
| plant badge = [[Grass of Parnassus]]<ref name="badge">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Warrant.htm|title=Clan Livingstone Warrant|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=13 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091006/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Warrant.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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|pipe music |
| pipe music = |
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|chiefs name |
| chiefs name = [[The Much Honoured|The Much Hon]]. Niall Livingstone of Bachuil<ref name="chief">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Chief.htm|title=The Chief of Clan Livingstone|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=12 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828061330/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Chief.htm|archive-date=28 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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|chiefs title |
| chiefs title = Baron of the Bachuil<ref name="chief"/> |
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|chiefs gaelic title= |
| chiefs gaelic title = |
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|seat |
| seat = Bachuil, [[Isle of Lismore]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Clan MacLea''' is a [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] [[Scottish clan]], which was traditionally located in the district of [[Dál Riata|Lorn]] in [[Argyll]], [[Scotland]],<ref name="LivingstoneMacLea">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone-MacLea.htm|title=Livingstone-MacLea|work=clanmclea.co.uk}}</ref> and is seated on the [[Isle of Lismore]]. There is a tradition of some MacLeas [[Anglicisation|Anglicising]] their names to Livingstone, thus the Clan Livingstone Society's website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk|title=Clan McLea|work=clanmclea.co.uk}}</ref> also refers to clan as ''the Highland Livingstones''.<ref name="LivingstoneMacLea"/> The current chief of Clan |
The '''Clan Livingstone''', also known as '''Clan MacLea''', is a [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] [[Scottish clan]], which was traditionally located in the district of [[Dál Riata|Lorn]] in [[Argyll]], [[Scotland]],<ref name="LivingstoneMacLea">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone-MacLea.htm|title=Livingstone-MacLea|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=11 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090516/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Livingstone-MacLea.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is seated on the [[Isle of Lismore]]. There is a tradition of some MacLeas [[Anglicisation|Anglicising]] their names to Livingstone, thus the Clan Livingstone Society's website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk|title=Clan McLea|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=19 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513000148/http://clanmclea.co.uk/|archive-date=13 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> also refers to the clan as ''the Highland Livingstones''.<ref name="LivingstoneMacLea"/> The current chief of Clan Livingstone was recognised by [[Lord Lyon]] as the "[[Coarb]] of [[Saint Moluag]]" and the "Hereditable Keeper of the Great Staff of Saint Moluag". |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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===Origin of the names MacLea and Livingstone=== |
===Origin of the names MacLea and Livingstone=== |
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There are conflicting theories of the [[etymology]] of MacLea, MacLay and similar [[surname]]s, and they could have multiple origins. The name may be an [[Anglicisation]] of |
There are conflicting theories of the [[etymology]] of MacLea, MacLay and similar [[surname]]s, and they could have multiple origins. The name may be an [[Anglicisation]] of {{lang|gd|Mac an Léigh}} ([[Scottish Gaelic]]), meaning ''son of the physician''.<ref name="ancestry">{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/default.aspx?ln=|title=Last Name Meanings and Origins - Search Surnames at Ancestry.com|work=ancestry.com}}</ref> In addition to MacLea, the Gaelic language surname {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac an Léigh}} is also anglicized to [[McKinley (surname)]] and MacNulty. The leading theory today, however,{{From whom?|date=October 2023}} is that the name MacLea was adopted from the patronymic {{lang|gd|[[Mac Duinnshleibhe]]}}, meaning ''son of {{lang|gd|Donn Sléibhe}}'' (''son of'' + ''the brown haired'', or ''chieftain'' + ''of the mountain'').<ref name="ancestry"/><ref>''Donn'' as a colour does not have an English translation but used in a name for a royal person is equivalent to ''prince'', thus "Son of the Mountain Prince" should accurately translate MacDonlevy.</ref> In 1910 [[Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll]] maintained that the surname MacLea evolved from the name Maconlea, which was originally {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac Dhunnshleibhe}}. By the eighteenth century the standard form of the name had become MacLea or other forms with similar spellings (MacLeay, [[McClay]], etc.). This is largely a distinction without significance, though, as {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac an Léigh}} is a nickname surname which was given to the {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac Dhunnshleibhe}} by the indigenous populations in both Ulster and the Scottish Highlands and which was, eventually, adopted as a substitute surname by the {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac Dhunnshleibhe}} themselves.<ref>Rev. Patrick Woulfe, Priest of the Diocese of Limerick, Member of the Council, National Academy of Ireland, ''Irish Names and Surnames'', 1967, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, in Irish and English, pp. 355-356</ref> The {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac Dhunnshleibhe}} royals were also one of Ireland's ancient hereditary medical families.<ref>A. Nic Donnchadha, "Medical Writing in Irish", in ''2000 Years of Irish Medicine'', J. B. Lyons, ed., Dublin: Eirinn Health Care Publications, 2000, p. 217 (Nic Donchadha contribution reprinted from ''Irish Journal of Medicine'', Vol. 169, No. 3, pp 217-220, again, at 217). See, also, generally, Susan Wilkinson, "Early Medical Education in Ireland", ''Irish Migration Studies in Latin America'', Vol. 6, No. 3 (November 2008).</ref> |
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The surname Livingstone/Livingston is derived from the placename, modern [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]], which is in [[West Lothian]], [[Scotland]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone">Way, George and Squire, Romily. ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia''. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]]). |
The surname Livingstone/Livingston is derived from the placename, modern [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]], which is in [[West Lothian]], [[Scotland]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone">Way, George and Squire, Romily. ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia''. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]]). 1994. pp. 414–415.</ref> Livingston was in turn named after an individual named Leving who appears in the early twelfth century in the charters of [[David I of Scotland]].<ref name="ancestry"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livingstonalive.co.uk/history.shtml|title=History of Livingston, West Lothian |work=livingstonalive.co.uk}}</ref> This Leving was the progenitor of the powerful aristocratic Livingston family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/ll/livingston01.htm|title=Stirnet|work=stirnet.com}}</ref> There are multiple theories of the origin of Leving ([[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]], [[Flemish people|Fleming]], [[Franks|Frank]], [[Normans|Norman]], and even [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]]). |
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In the mid seventeenth century James Livingston of [[Skirling (parish)|Skirling]], who was of a branch of these Lowland Livingstons, was granted a nineteen-year lease of the Bishoprics of Argyll and the Isles.<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> Sometime before 1648, James Livingston seems to have stayed at [[Achanduin Castle]] on Lismore, and it is thought that around this time that the surname Livingstone would have been adopted by MacLeas on the island.<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> |
In the mid seventeenth century James Livingston of [[Skirling (parish)|Skirling]], who was of a branch of these Lowland Livingstons, was granted a nineteen-year lease of the Bishoprics of Argyll and the Isles.<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> Sometime before 1648, James Livingston seems to have stayed at [[Achanduin Castle]] on Lismore, and it is thought that around this time that the surname Livingstone would have been adopted by MacLeas on the island.<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> |
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===Descent from Dunshleibe=== |
===Descent from {{lang|gd|italic=no|Dunshleibe}}=== |
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The Duke of Argyll wrote that it was possible that the eponymic progenitor of all the Mac(Duns)leves, (MacLeas, ''highland'' Livingstones, etc.), of Lismore may be Dunshleibe son of [[Aedh Alain O'Neill]].<ref name="TheHighlandClans">''The Highland Clans'', p.117-119.</ref> Aed Alain was the son of the [[Ireland|Irish]] prince [[Anrothan O'Neill]], who traditionally is said to have married a Princess of [[Dál Riata]], inheriting her lands of [[Cowal]] and [[Knapdale]]. Anrothan in turn was a son of [[Aodh O'Neill]], [[King of Ailech]] (r.1030-1033).<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> From him the family would ultimately descend from [[Niall of the Nine Hostages]], [[High King of Ireland]], who reigned in the fifth century, although the [[O'Neill dynasty]] actually take their name from his descendant [[Niall Glúndub]], a High King of Ireland living five centuries later. Dunshleibe is also thought to have been the common ancestor of clans in western Argyll including the [[Clan Lamont|Lamonts]], the [[Clan Ewen of Otter|MacEwens of Otter]], the [[Clan Maclachlan|Maclachlans]], the [[Clan MacNeil of Barra|MacNeils of Barra]], and the [[Clan Sweeney|MacSweens]].<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> |
The Duke of Argyll wrote that it was possible that the eponymic progenitor of all the Mac(Duns)leves, (MacLeas, ''highland'' Livingstones, etc.), of Lismore may be {{lang|gd|italic=no|Dunshleibe}} son of [[Aedh Alain O'Neill]].<ref name="TheHighlandClans">''The Highland Clans'', p.117-119.</ref> Aed Alain was the son of the [[Ireland|Irish]] prince [[Anrothan O'Neill]], who traditionally is said to have married a Princess of [[Dál Riata]], inheriting her lands of [[Cowal]] and [[Knapdale]]. Anrothan in turn was a son of [[Aodh O'Neill]], [[King of Ailech]] (r.1030-1033).<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> From him the family would ultimately descend from [[Niall of the Nine Hostages]], [[High King of Ireland]], who reigned in the fifth century, although the [[O'Neill dynasty]] actually take their name from his descendant {{lang|ga|italic=no|[[Niall Glúndub]]}}, a High King of Ireland living five centuries later. Dunshleibe is also thought to have been the common ancestor of clans in western Argyll including the [[Clan Lamont|Lamonts]], the [[Clan Ewen of Otter|MacEwens of Otter]], the [[Clan Maclachlan|Maclachlans]], the [[Clan MacNeil of Barra|MacNeils of Barra]], and the [[Clan Sweeney|MacSweens]].<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> |
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====Dunshleibe Ua Eochadha==== |
====Dunshleibe Ua Eochadha==== |
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An alternative and the modernly accepted theory, however, is that the MacLea are descended of Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe, the 54th Christian and last king of Ulidia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Highland Papers|volume=II|url=https://archive.org/stream/highlandpapers02macp#page/255/mode/2up|publisher=Scottish Historical Society|location=Edinburgh|year=1916|page=255}} Note on list of Stuart loyalists massacred at the 1647 Battle of Dunaverty in Kintyre, Scotland, "Of the surnames appearing in the second column the M'onleas were originally M'Dunleas |
An alternative and the modernly accepted theory, however, is that the MacLea are descended of {{lang|gd|italic=no|Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe}}, the 54th Christian and last king of Ulidia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Highland Papers|volume=II|url=https://archive.org/stream/highlandpapers02macp#page/255/mode/2up|publisher=Scottish Historical Society|location=Edinburgh|year=1916|page=255}} Note on list of Stuart loyalists massacred at the 1647 Battle of Dunaverty in Kintyre, Scotland, "Of the surnames appearing in the second column the M'onleas were originally M'Dunleas; the D disappears through euphonistic elision in Gaelic. Although Niall 10th Duke of Argyll, thought it quite possible that their eponymic ancestor was Dunsleve, the son of Aedh Alain, the O'Neill Prince evidence now leads to the conclusion that they are descendants of the Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe, the last king of Ulidia."</ref> |
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The Coarbs of Saint Moluag are proposed to be closely related to the rigdamnai or [[Kings of Ulster|Royal Family of Ulster]] and their use of the name Mac Duinnshleibhe to be a proud reminder and declaration of that fact.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dunsleve.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Mac Dunsleve| |
The Coarbs of Saint Moluag are proposed to be closely related to the {{lang|ga|rigdamnai}} or [[Kings of Ulster|Royal Family of Ulster]] and their use of the name {{lang|gd|italic=no|Mac Duinnshleibhe}} to be a proud reminder and declaration of that fact.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dunsleve.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Mac Dunsleve|publisher=Clan McLea|access-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090542/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dunsleve.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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According to [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne]] the [[Ulaid]] rigdamnai alone used the name Mac Duinnshleibhe |
According to [[Francis John Byrne|Byrne]] the [[Ulaid]] rigdamnai alone used the name Mac Duinnshleibhe |
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{{quote|So for instance when after 1137 the [[Dál Fiatach]] kingship was confined to the descendants of Donn Sleibe Mac Eochada (slain in 1091), the rigdamnai set themselves apart from the rest of the family by using the name Mac Duinnshleibhe (Donleavy).|Francis John Byrne|''Irish Kings and High-Kings'', page 128}} |
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It seems as though Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe was the last king of Ulidia dying at the end of the twelfth century |
It seems as though Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe was the last king of Ulidia, dying at the end of the twelfth century. Rory, son of Dunsleve, is number 54 on O'Hart's roll of the kings of Ulidia and described as "the last king of Ulidia, and its fifty-fourth king since the advent of St. Patrick to Ireland". |
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In Irish Pedigrees |
In ''Irish Pedigrees: The Stem of the Dunlevy Family'', Princes of Ulidia, O'Hart says: |
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{{quote| |
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Tuirmach Teamrach, the 81st Monarch of Ireland, had a son named {{lang|ga|italic=no|Fiach Fearmara}}, who was ancestor of the Kings of Argyle and Dalriada, in Scotland: this {{lang|ga|italic=no|Fiach}} was also the ancestor of {{lang|gd|italic=no|MacDunshleibe}} and {{lang|gd|italic=no|O'Dunsleibhe}}, anglicised Dunlevy, Dunlief, Dunlop, Levingstone and Livingstone. ... |
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According to Dr O'Donovan descendants of this family ({{lang|gd|italic=no|Cu-Uladh}} the son the last {{lang|gd|italic=no|MacDunshleibe}} King of Ulidia), soon after the English invasion of Ireland, passed into Scotland, where they changed their name.}} |
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===Livingston and MacLea DNA project=== |
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In 2003 a [[DNA]] project was established to compare the [[Y-DNA]] of males bearing the different variations of the surnames Livingstone and MacLea. The project aims to find a blood link between the so-called ''Highland Livingstones'' and the ''Lowland Livingstons'', and to investigate the various origins of these surnames.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/livingston_maclea_dna/|title=Family Tree DNA - Livingston/MacLea - Background - Family Tree DNA|work=familytreedna.com}}</ref> Many male lines have been identified, including those of [[Dr Livingstone]], a clan member, and the chiefly line of Barons of [[Bachuil]]. Considering the above-mentioned theories about the possible origin of the clan in Ireland, it is relevant to report that the clan seems to have no male line with the [[Niall Noigiallach#Descendants|DNA signature]] associated with [[Uí Néill]] families in Ireland. Apparently many Irish families with "Mac Dunshleibhe" surnames such as Dunleavy do have such a DNA signature<ref>http://www.gen.tcd.ie/molpopgen/link%20files/McEvoy%20et%20al%202006%20Hum%20Gen%20Sup_Info.xls</ref> |
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==Coarb of Saint Moluag== |
==Coarb of Saint Moluag== |
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{{see also|Saint Moluag}} |
{{see also|Saint Moluag}} |
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Saint Moluag was a Scottish missionary, and a contemporary of [[Saint Columba]], who evangelized the [[Picts]] of Scotland in the sixth century. According to the [[Irish Annals]], in 562 Saint Moluag beat Saint Columba in a race to the large [[Isle of Lismore]]. The nineteenth |
Saint Moluag was a Scottish missionary, and a contemporary of [[Saint Columba]], who evangelized the [[Picts]] of Scotland in the sixth century. According to the [[Irish Annals]], in 562 Saint Moluag beat Saint Columba in a race to the large [[Isle of Lismore]]. The nineteenth-century historian [[William Forbes Skene|William F. Skene]] claimed the Isle of Lismore was the sacred island of the Western [[Picts]] and the burial place of their kings whose capital was at [[Beregonium]], across the water at [[Benderloch]]. |
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The Coarb, or successor, of the saint was the hereditary keeper of his pastoral staff. The Great Staff of Saint Moluag, or |
The Coarb, or successor, of the saint was the hereditary keeper of his pastoral staff. The Great Staff of Saint Moluag, or {{lang|gd|Bachuil Mor}}, is thought to be the sixth-century saint's [[crozier]] or staff.<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> The {{lang|gd|Bachuil Mor}} is a plain wooden staff that is about 38 inches long. There is evidence that the {{lang|gd|Bachuil Mor}} was at one time covered with plates of [[Gilding|gilt]] copper of which some remain.<ref name="CelticMagazine287">''The Celtic Magazine'', p.287.</ref> On 21 December 1950 on the petition of Livingstone of Bachuil, the [[Lord Lyon King of Arms]] ruled that Livingstone was the Coarb of Saint Moluag. Livingstone's ancestor Iain McMolmore Vic Kevir appears in a charter of 1544 as "with keeping of the great staff of the blessed Moloc, as freely as the father, grandfather and great-grandfather and other predecessors of the said Iain".<ref name="TheHighlandClans"/> |
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Since St. Moluag was the founder and head of three schools ([[Lismore, Scotland|Lismore]], [[Rosemarkie]] and [[Mortlach, Scotland|Mortlach]]) and several subordinate monasteries, he is viewed as a "sovereign lord" by the Lord Lyon. As his successor, the Coarb is viewed as a sovereign baron and is granted a unique [[Chapeau|Cap of Maintenance]] of Gules doubled Vair to place in his coat of arms. |
Since St. Moluag was the founder and head of three schools ([[Lismore, Scotland|Lismore]], [[Rosemarkie]] and [[Mortlach, Scotland|Mortlach]]) and several subordinate monasteries, he is viewed as a "sovereign lord" by the Lord Lyon. As his successor, the Coarb is viewed as a sovereign baron and is granted a unique [[Chapeau|Cap of Maintenance]] of Gules doubled Vair to place in his coat of arms. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Despite claiming ancient heritage the clan was not formally recognised by the Lord Lyon until 2003. The first [[Scottish clan chief|clan chief]] of Clan MacLea to be recognised was William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil, in 2003. The late chief represented the clan as a member of the [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]].<ref name="standingcouncil">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanchiefs.org/?init=clanfinder&id=MacLea%7ctitle=clanchiefs.org%7cwork=clanchiefs.org|title |
Despite claiming ancient heritage the clan was not formally recognised by the Lord Lyon until 2003. The first [[Scottish clan chief|clan chief]] of Clan MacLea to be recognised was William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil, in 2003. The late chief represented the clan as a member of the [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]].<ref name="standingcouncil">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanchiefs.org/?init=clanfinder&id=MacLea%7ctitle=clanchiefs.org%7cwork=clanchiefs.org|title=clanchiefs.org}}</ref> William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil died in February 2008 and was succeeded by his son [[The Much Honoured|The Much Hon.]] Niall Livingstone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsheraldry.com/?p=109|title=William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil|access-date=2008-03-04|website=scotsheraldry.com}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="oldchief">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/LateChief.htm|title=The Late Chief of Clan Livingstone|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=12 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605013805/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/LateChief.htm|archive-date=5 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===Civil War and Jacobite risings=== |
===Civil War and Jacobite risings=== |
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During the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Scottish Civil War]] of the 17th century the Livingstones remained loyal to the Crown and as a result their estates suffered, firstly at the hands of the Scottish [[Covenanter]]s and later at the hands of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s Parliamentarians.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone"/> |
During the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Scottish Civil War]] of the 17th century the Livingstones remained loyal to the Crown and as a result their estates suffered, firstly at the hands of the Scottish [[Covenanter]]s and later at the hands of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s Parliamentarians.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone"/> |
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During the 18th century the Clan Livingstone supported the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]] and as a result their titles were forfeited.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone"/> The MacLeas (later referred to as Livingstones) fought in the Appin Regiment at the [[Battle of Culloden]] in 1746. Donald Livingstone, Bun-a-mhuilinn, Morvern, was of the Livingstones of Achnacree, Benderloch and was 18 when he fought at Culloden saving the Appin Standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Donald_Livingstone.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Donald Livingstone| |
During the 18th century the Clan Livingstone supported the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]] and as a result their titles were forfeited.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Livingstone"/> The MacLeas (later referred to as Livingstones) fought in the Appin Regiment at the [[Battle of Culloden]] in 1746. Donald Livingstone, {{lang|gd|Bun-a-mhuilinn}}, Morvern, was of the Livingstones of Achnacree, Benderloch and was 18 when he fought at Culloden saving the Appin Standard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Donald_Livingstone.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Donald Livingstone|publisher=Clan McLea|access-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716140636/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Donald_Livingstone.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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===Clan battles=== |
===Clan battles=== |
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;[[Battle of Bealach na Broige|Battle of {{lang|gd|italic=no|Bealach na Broige}}]]:This battle was fought between various north-western highland clans from the lands of [[Ross, Scotland|Ross]], against the [[Earl of Ross]] and his followers. Though the date of the battle is obscure, what is known is that the rising consisted of the "''Clan-juer''" (Clan Iver), "''Clantalvigh''" ({{Proper name|Clan-t-aluigh}}, i.e. [[Clan MacAulay|Clan Aulay]]), and "''Clan-leajwe''" (Clan-leaive, i.e. Clan Leay).<ref name="TOTMOL381RGordon">''Traditions of the MacAulays of Lewis'', p. 381. [[Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Gordon]]'s ''Genealogie of the Earles of Southerland''."</ref> The [[Clan Munro|Munroes]] and Dingwalls pursued and overtook the rising clans at Bealach na Broige, where a bitter battle ensued, fed by old feuds and animosities. In the end, the MacIvers, MacAulays and MacLeays were almost utterly extinguished and the Munroes and Dingwalls won a hollow victory, having lost many men including their chiefs.<ref name="TOTMOL381RGordon"/> |
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;Achnacree. 1557: The McLeays of Achnacree were almost wiped out, losing 80 men supporting the MacDougalls of Lorn against the [[Clan Campbell]] of Inverawe in a clan battle. McLea Manuscript, Highland Papers, Vol. IV, 1296 to 1752, third Series, Scottish History Society, pp 94 to 103.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/MacLea_Cadets.htm|title=Clan Livingstone Cadets|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701005440/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/MacLea_Cadets.htm|archive-date=1 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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;Dunaverty. 1647: Many of the clan MacLea seem to have been killed when they took the side of the [[Clan MacDougall]] against the Campbells of Inverawe, a conflict exemplified by the [[Dunaverty Massacre]]. Placed prominently at the top of the second column of a list of those massacred at Dunaverty, 1647, supporting the MacDougalls were these McLeas: Iain Mc Iain Vc ein dui alias {{Proper name|Mc onlea}}, {{Proper name|Dunsla M'ein Vc onlea}} and Iain M'onlea, his brother, (''Highland Papers'', II, p. 257). |
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==Clan profile== |
==Clan profile== |
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===Crest badge, clan badge and clan chief=== |
===Crest badge, clan badge and clan chief=== |
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*[[Crest badge]]: |
*[[Crest badge]]: (Note: the crest badge is made up of the chief's [[heraldic crest]] and [[Heraldry#Mottoes|motto]].) |
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**Chief's crest: A demi-man representing the figure of Saint Moluag Proper, his head ensigned of a circle of glory Or, having about his shoulders a cloak Vert, holding in his dexter hand the great Staff of Saint Moluag Proper and in his sinister hand a cross crosslet fitchée Azure, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto |
**Chief's crest: A demi-man representing the figure of Saint Moluag Proper, his head ensigned of a circle of glory Or, having about his shoulders a cloak Vert, holding in his dexter hand the great Staff of Saint Moluag Proper and in his sinister hand a cross crosslet fitchée Azure, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto {{lang|gd|CNOC AINGEIL}}.<ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest"/> |
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**Chief's motto ([[slogan]]): |
**Chief's motto ([[slogan]]): {{lang|gd|italic=no|CNOC AINGEIL}} (translation from Scottish Gaelic: "Hill of fire").<ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--Livingstone_of_Bachuil_Clan_Crest"/> <small>Note: this motto or [[slogan]] is derived from a Pictish burial mound behind the chief's house at Bachuil.</small><ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--ClanLivingstone"/> |
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**Chief's motto ( |
**Chief's motto (alternative, not used in crest badge): {{lang|gd|NI MI E MA'S URRAIN DHOMH}}<ref name="Matriculation"/> (translation from Scottish Gaelic: "I shall do it if I can").<ref name="clanmclea.co.uk--ClanLivingstone">{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/ClanLivingstone.htm|title=The Clan MacLea - the Highland Livingstones|access-date=2008-03-04|publisher=Clan McLea|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514024345/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/ClanLivingstone.htm|archive-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> This motto is said to be a play on words of the unrelated Livingston's heraldic motto: {{lang|fr|Si Je Puis}} ([[French language|French]]: "If I can"). |
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*[[Clan badge]]: The Flower of the [[Grass of Parnassus]].<ref name="badge"/> |
*[[Clan badge]]: The Flower of the [[Grass of Parnassus]].<ref name="badge"/> |
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*[[Scottish clan chief|Clan chief]]: Niall Livingstone of Bachuil, Baron of the Bachuil, Coarb of St Moluag, Abbot of Lismore<ref name="chief"/> |
*[[Scottish clan chief|Clan chief]]: Niall Livingstone of Bachuil, Baron of the Bachuil, Coarb of St Moluag, Abbot of Lismore<ref name="chief"/> |
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!style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=90% |Notes |
!style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=90% |Notes |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Livingstone tartan (D.C. Stewart).png|180px]] || Modern Livingstone [[tartan]]. ''Livingstone Sett'', or ''Livingstone''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Modern.htm|title=Clan Livingstone Tartan Modern Colours|work=clanmclea.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="tartans.scotland.net--7">{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=7.htm|title=Livingstone Clan Tartan WR1003| |
|[[File:Livingstone tartan (D.C. Stewart).png|180px]] || Modern Livingstone [[tartan]]. ''Livingstone Sett'', or ''Livingstone''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Modern.htm|title=Clan Livingstone Tartan Modern Colours|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=5 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807181906/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Modern.htm|archive-date=7 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="tartans.scotland.net--7">{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=7.htm|title=Livingstone Clan Tartan WR1003|access-date=2008-03-04|website=tartans.scotland.net}}</ref> Although the Livingstones or MacLeas are associated with the [[Clan Buchanan|Buchanans]], [[Clan MacDougall|MacDougalls]] and the [[Clan Stewart of Appin|Stewarts of Appin]], the tartan sett does not resemble that of any of these clans. The tartan most closely resembles the [[Clan MacDonald of Keppoch|MacDonell of Keppoch]] tartan.<ref name="Setts">''The Setts of the Scottish Tartans'', p.73.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Livingston Dress tartan.gif|180px]] || Livingston Dress tartan. 'Livingstone Dress'', also known as ''Livingston Dress''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dress.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Dress Tartan|work=clanmclea.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=2079.htm|title=Livingston Dress Tartan WR650| |
|[[File:Livingston Dress tartan.gif|180px]] || Livingston Dress tartan. ''Livingstone Dress'', also known as ''Livingston Dress''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dress.htm|title=Clan Livingstone - Dress Tartan|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090528/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Dress.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=2079.htm|title=Livingston Dress Tartan WR650|access-date=2008-03-04|website=tartans.scotland.net}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[File:Livingstone or MacLay tartan.jpg|180px]] || Livingstone or MacLay tartan. ''Livingstone / MacLay''. This tartan is based upon the [[Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie|MacLaine of Lochbuie]] tartan which dates before 1810.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Maclay.htm|title=Clan Livingstone / MacLay tartan|work=clanmclea.co.uk}}</ref> The Maclaine of Lochbuie tartan dates before 1810 and was first published in 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=516.htm|title=MacLaine of Lochbuie Clan Tartan WR1462| |
|[[File:Livingstone or MacLay tartan.jpg|180px]] || Livingstone or MacLay tartan. ''Livingstone / MacLay''. This tartan is based upon the [[Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie|MacLaine of Lochbuie]] tartan which dates before 1810.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Maclay.htm|title=Clan Livingstone / MacLay tartan|work=clanmclea.co.uk|access-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928090450/http://www.clanmclea.co.uk/Maclay.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Maclaine of Lochbuie tartan dates before 1810 and was first published in 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tartans.scotland.net/tartan_info.cfm@tartan_id=516.htm|title=MacLaine of Lochbuie Clan Tartan WR1462|access-date=2008-03-04|website=tartans.scotland.net}}</ref> |
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|} |
|} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Maclay (disambiguation) |
* [[Maclay (disambiguation)]] |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*Mackenzie, Alexander (editor). ''The Celtic Magazine'', (vol.6). [[Inverness]]: A. & W. MacKenzie, 1881. |
*Mackenzie, Alexander (editor). ''The Celtic Magazine'', (vol.6). [[Inverness]]: A. & W. MacKenzie, 1881. |
||
*[[Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk|Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Ian]]. ''The Highland Clans''. [[New York]]: Clarkson N. Potter |
*[[Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk|Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Ian]]. ''The Highland Clans''. [[New York City]]: Clarkson N. Potter, 1982. {{ISBN|0-517-54659-0}}. |
||
*Stewart, Donald C. ''The Setts of the Scottish Tartans, with descriptive and historical notes''. [[London]]: Shepheard-Walwyn, 1974. ISBN |
*Stewart, Donald C. ''The Setts of the Scottish Tartans, with descriptive and historical notes''. [[London]]: Shepheard-Walwyn, 1974. {{ISBN|0-85683-011-9}}. |
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*Thomas, Capt. F W L. "Traditions of the MacAulays of Lewis". ''Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland'', 14 (1880). |
*Thomas, Capt. F. W. L. "Traditions of the MacAulays of Lewis". ''Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland'', 14 (1880). |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130513000148/http://clanmclea.co.uk/ Clan McLea website] (archive) |
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*[http://www.macleay.cncfamily.com/account_of_mclea.htm An Account of the Name of McLea] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051018045217/http://www.macleay.cncfamily.com/account_of_mclea.htm An Account of the Name of McLea] (archive) |
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*[http://www.familytreedna.com/public/livingston_maclea_dna/ Livingston/MacLea/Boggs Surname DNA Project] |
*[http://www.familytreedna.com/public/livingston_maclea_dna/ Livingston/MacLea/Boggs Surname DNA Project] |
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*[http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/Discussion%20Maclea.htm The Livingston/Maclea/Boggs DNA Surname Project] |
*[http://users.skynet.be/lancaster/Discussion%20Maclea.htm The Livingston/Maclea/Boggs DNA Surname Project] |
Revision as of 18:08, 21 April 2024
Clan Livingstone | |
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Mac Dhunnshleibhe and Mac an Léigh | |
Motto | NI MI E MA'S URRAIN DHOMH[2] |
Slogan | CNOC AINGEIL[1] |
Profile | |
District | Argyll |
Plant badge | Grass of Parnassus[3] |
Chief | |
The Much Hon. Niall Livingstone of Bachuil[4] | |
Baron of the Bachuil[4] | |
Seat | Bachuil, Isle of Lismore |
The Clan Livingstone, also known as Clan MacLea, is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland,[5] and is seated on the Isle of Lismore. There is a tradition of some MacLeas Anglicising their names to Livingstone, thus the Clan Livingstone Society's website[6] also refers to the clan as the Highland Livingstones.[5] The current chief of Clan Livingstone was recognised by Lord Lyon as the "Coarb of Saint Moluag" and the "Hereditable Keeper of the Great Staff of Saint Moluag".
Origins
Origin of the names MacLea and Livingstone
There are conflicting theories of the etymology of MacLea, MacLay and similar surnames, and they could have multiple origins. The name may be an Anglicisation of Mac an Léigh (Scottish Gaelic), meaning son of the physician.[7] In addition to MacLea, the Gaelic language surname Mac an Léigh is also anglicized to McKinley (surname) and MacNulty. The leading theory today, however,[from whom?] is that the name MacLea was adopted from the patronymic Mac Duinnshleibhe, meaning son of Donn Sléibhe (son of + the brown haired, or chieftain + of the mountain).[7][8] In 1910 Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll maintained that the surname MacLea evolved from the name Maconlea, which was originally Mac Dhunnshleibhe. By the eighteenth century the standard form of the name had become MacLea or other forms with similar spellings (MacLeay, McClay, etc.). This is largely a distinction without significance, though, as Mac an Léigh is a nickname surname which was given to the Mac Dhunnshleibhe by the indigenous populations in both Ulster and the Scottish Highlands and which was, eventually, adopted as a substitute surname by the Mac Dhunnshleibhe themselves.[9] The Mac Dhunnshleibhe royals were also one of Ireland's ancient hereditary medical families.[10]
The surname Livingstone/Livingston is derived from the placename, modern Livingston, which is in West Lothian, Scotland.[11] Livingston was in turn named after an individual named Leving who appears in the early twelfth century in the charters of David I of Scotland.[7][12] This Leving was the progenitor of the powerful aristocratic Livingston family.[13] There are multiple theories of the origin of Leving (Anglo-Saxon, Fleming, Frank, Norman, and even Hungarian).
In the mid seventeenth century James Livingston of Skirling, who was of a branch of these Lowland Livingstons, was granted a nineteen-year lease of the Bishoprics of Argyll and the Isles.[14] Sometime before 1648, James Livingston seems to have stayed at Achanduin Castle on Lismore, and it is thought that around this time that the surname Livingstone would have been adopted by MacLeas on the island.[14]
Descent from Dunshleibe
The Duke of Argyll wrote that it was possible that the eponymic progenitor of all the Mac(Duns)leves, (MacLeas, highland Livingstones, etc.), of Lismore may be Dunshleibe son of Aedh Alain O'Neill.[14] Aed Alain was the son of the Irish prince Anrothan O'Neill, who traditionally is said to have married a Princess of Dál Riata, inheriting her lands of Cowal and Knapdale. Anrothan in turn was a son of Aodh O'Neill, King of Ailech (r.1030-1033).[14] From him the family would ultimately descend from Niall of the Nine Hostages, High King of Ireland, who reigned in the fifth century, although the O'Neill dynasty actually take their name from his descendant Niall Glúndub, a High King of Ireland living five centuries later. Dunshleibe is also thought to have been the common ancestor of clans in western Argyll including the Lamonts, the MacEwens of Otter, the Maclachlans, the MacNeils of Barra, and the MacSweens.[14]
Dunshleibe Ua Eochadha
An alternative and the modernly accepted theory, however, is that the MacLea are descended of Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe, the 54th Christian and last king of Ulidia.[15]
The Coarbs of Saint Moluag are proposed to be closely related to the rigdamnai or Royal Family of Ulster and their use of the name Mac Duinnshleibhe to be a proud reminder and declaration of that fact.[16]
According to Byrne the Ulaid rigdamnai alone used the name Mac Duinnshleibhe
So for instance when after 1137 the Dál Fiatach kingship was confined to the descendants of Donn Sleibe Mac Eochada (slain in 1091), the rigdamnai set themselves apart from the rest of the family by using the name Mac Duinnshleibhe (Donleavy).
— Francis John Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, page 128
It seems as though Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe was the last king of Ulidia, dying at the end of the twelfth century. Rory, son of Dunsleve, is number 54 on O'Hart's roll of the kings of Ulidia and described as "the last king of Ulidia, and its fifty-fourth king since the advent of St. Patrick to Ireland".
In Irish Pedigrees: The Stem of the Dunlevy Family, Princes of Ulidia, O'Hart says:
Tuirmach Teamrach, the 81st Monarch of Ireland, had a son named Fiach Fearmara, who was ancestor of the Kings of Argyle and Dalriada, in Scotland: this Fiach was also the ancestor of MacDunshleibe and O'Dunsleibhe, anglicised Dunlevy, Dunlief, Dunlop, Levingstone and Livingstone. ...
According to Dr O'Donovan descendants of this family (Cu-Uladh the son the last MacDunshleibe King of Ulidia), soon after the English invasion of Ireland, passed into Scotland, where they changed their name.
Coarb of Saint Moluag
Saint Moluag was a Scottish missionary, and a contemporary of Saint Columba, who evangelized the Picts of Scotland in the sixth century. According to the Irish Annals, in 562 Saint Moluag beat Saint Columba in a race to the large Isle of Lismore. The nineteenth-century historian William F. Skene claimed the Isle of Lismore was the sacred island of the Western Picts and the burial place of their kings whose capital was at Beregonium, across the water at Benderloch.
The Coarb, or successor, of the saint was the hereditary keeper of his pastoral staff. The Great Staff of Saint Moluag, or Bachuil Mor, is thought to be the sixth-century saint's crozier or staff.[14] The Bachuil Mor is a plain wooden staff that is about 38 inches long. There is evidence that the Bachuil Mor was at one time covered with plates of gilt copper of which some remain.[17] On 21 December 1950 on the petition of Livingstone of Bachuil, the Lord Lyon King of Arms ruled that Livingstone was the Coarb of Saint Moluag. Livingstone's ancestor Iain McMolmore Vic Kevir appears in a charter of 1544 as "with keeping of the great staff of the blessed Moloc, as freely as the father, grandfather and great-grandfather and other predecessors of the said Iain".[14]
Since St. Moluag was the founder and head of three schools (Lismore, Rosemarkie and Mortlach) and several subordinate monasteries, he is viewed as a "sovereign lord" by the Lord Lyon. As his successor, the Coarb is viewed as a sovereign baron and is granted a unique Cap of Maintenance of Gules doubled Vair to place in his coat of arms.
History
Despite claiming ancient heritage the clan was not formally recognised by the Lord Lyon until 2003. The first clan chief of Clan MacLea to be recognised was William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil, in 2003. The late chief represented the clan as a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs.[18] William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil died in February 2008 and was succeeded by his son The Much Hon. Niall Livingstone.[19][20]
Civil War and Jacobite risings
During the Scottish Civil War of the 17th century the Livingstones remained loyal to the Crown and as a result their estates suffered, firstly at the hands of the Scottish Covenanters and later at the hands of Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarians.[11]
During the 18th century the Clan Livingstone supported the Jacobite rising of 1715 and as a result their titles were forfeited.[11] The MacLeas (later referred to as Livingstones) fought in the Appin Regiment at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Donald Livingstone, Bun-a-mhuilinn, Morvern, was of the Livingstones of Achnacree, Benderloch and was 18 when he fought at Culloden saving the Appin Standard.[21]
Clan battles
- [[Battle of Bealach na Broige|Battle of Bealach na Broige]]
- This battle was fought between various north-western highland clans from the lands of Ross, against the Earl of Ross and his followers. Though the date of the battle is obscure, what is known is that the rising consisted of the "Clan-juer" (Clan Iver), "Clantalvigh" (Clan-t-aluigh, i.e. Clan Aulay), and "Clan-leajwe" (Clan-leaive, i.e. Clan Leay).[22] The Munroes and Dingwalls pursued and overtook the rising clans at Bealach na Broige, where a bitter battle ensued, fed by old feuds and animosities. In the end, the MacIvers, MacAulays and MacLeays were almost utterly extinguished and the Munroes and Dingwalls won a hollow victory, having lost many men including their chiefs.[22]
- Achnacree. 1557
- The McLeays of Achnacree were almost wiped out, losing 80 men supporting the MacDougalls of Lorn against the Clan Campbell of Inverawe in a clan battle. McLea Manuscript, Highland Papers, Vol. IV, 1296 to 1752, third Series, Scottish History Society, pp 94 to 103.[23]
- Dunaverty. 1647
- Many of the clan MacLea seem to have been killed when they took the side of the Clan MacDougall against the Campbells of Inverawe, a conflict exemplified by the Dunaverty Massacre. Placed prominently at the top of the second column of a list of those massacred at Dunaverty, 1647, supporting the MacDougalls were these McLeas: Iain Mc Iain Vc ein dui alias Mc onlea, Dunsla M'ein Vc onlea and Iain M'onlea, his brother, (Highland Papers, II, p. 257).
Clan profile
Crest badge, clan badge and clan chief
- Crest badge: (Note: the crest badge is made up of the chief's heraldic crest and motto.)
- Chief's crest: A demi-man representing the figure of Saint Moluag Proper, his head ensigned of a circle of glory Or, having about his shoulders a cloak Vert, holding in his dexter hand the great Staff of Saint Moluag Proper and in his sinister hand a cross crosslet fitchée Azure, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto CNOC AINGEIL.[1]
- Chief's motto (slogan): CNOC AINGEIL (translation from Scottish Gaelic: "Hill of fire").[1] Note: this motto or slogan is derived from a Pictish burial mound behind the chief's house at Bachuil.[24]
- Chief's motto (alternative, not used in crest badge): NI MI E MA'S URRAIN DHOMH[2] (translation from Scottish Gaelic: "I shall do it if I can").[24] This motto is said to be a play on words of the unrelated Livingston's heraldic motto: Si Je Puis (French: "If I can").
- Clan badge: The Flower of the Grass of Parnassus.[3]
- Clan chief: Niall Livingstone of Bachuil, Baron of the Bachuil, Coarb of St Moluag, Abbot of Lismore[4]
Tartans
Tartan image | Notes |
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Modern Livingstone tartan. Livingstone Sett, or Livingstone.[25][26] Although the Livingstones or MacLeas are associated with the Buchanans, MacDougalls and the Stewarts of Appin, the tartan sett does not resemble that of any of these clans. The tartan most closely resembles the MacDonell of Keppoch tartan.[27] | |
Livingston Dress tartan. Livingstone Dress, also known as Livingston Dress.[28][29] | |
Livingstone or MacLay tartan. Livingstone / MacLay. This tartan is based upon the MacLaine of Lochbuie tartan which dates before 1810.[30] The Maclaine of Lochbuie tartan dates before 1810 and was first published in 1886.[31] |
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d "Clan Crest". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
- ^ a b "Matriculation". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
- ^ a b "Clan Livingstone Warrant". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
- ^ a b c "The Chief of Clan Livingstone". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
- ^ a b "Livingstone-MacLea". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
- ^ "Clan McLea". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2005.
- ^ a b c "Last Name Meanings and Origins - Search Surnames at Ancestry.com". ancestry.com.
- ^ Donn as a colour does not have an English translation but used in a name for a royal person is equivalent to prince, thus "Son of the Mountain Prince" should accurately translate MacDonlevy.
- ^ Rev. Patrick Woulfe, Priest of the Diocese of Limerick, Member of the Council, National Academy of Ireland, Irish Names and Surnames, 1967, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, in Irish and English, pp. 355-356
- ^ A. Nic Donnchadha, "Medical Writing in Irish", in 2000 Years of Irish Medicine, J. B. Lyons, ed., Dublin: Eirinn Health Care Publications, 2000, p. 217 (Nic Donchadha contribution reprinted from Irish Journal of Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 3, pp 217-220, again, at 217). See, also, generally, Susan Wilkinson, "Early Medical Education in Ireland", Irish Migration Studies in Latin America, Vol. 6, No. 3 (November 2008).
- ^ a b c Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). 1994. pp. 414–415.
- ^ "History of Livingston, West Lothian". livingstonalive.co.uk.
- ^ "Stirnet". stirnet.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g The Highland Clans, p.117-119.
- ^ Highland Papers. Vol. II. Edinburgh: Scottish Historical Society. 1916. p. 255. Note on list of Stuart loyalists massacred at the 1647 Battle of Dunaverty in Kintyre, Scotland, "Of the surnames appearing in the second column the M'onleas were originally M'Dunleas; the D disappears through euphonistic elision in Gaelic. Although Niall 10th Duke of Argyll, thought it quite possible that their eponymic ancestor was Dunsleve, the son of Aedh Alain, the O'Neill Prince evidence now leads to the conclusion that they are descendants of the Ruaidhri Mac Duinnsleibhe, the last king of Ulidia."
- ^ "Clan Livingstone - Mac Dunsleve". Clan McLea. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
- ^ The Celtic Magazine, p.287.
- ^ "clanchiefs.org".
- ^ "William Jervis Alastair Livingstone of Bachuil". scotsheraldry.com. Retrieved 4 March 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The Late Chief of Clan Livingstone". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
- ^ "Clan Livingstone - Donald Livingstone". Clan McLea. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
- ^ a b Traditions of the MacAulays of Lewis, p. 381. Sir Robert Gordon's Genealogie of the Earles of Southerland."
- ^ "Clan Livingstone Cadets". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
- ^ a b "The Clan MacLea - the Highland Livingstones". Clan McLea. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
- ^ "Clan Livingstone Tartan Modern Colours". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
- ^ "Livingstone Clan Tartan WR1003". tartans.scotland.net. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
- ^ The Setts of the Scottish Tartans, p.73.
- ^ "Clan Livingstone - Dress Tartan". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
- ^ "Livingston Dress Tartan WR650". tartans.scotland.net. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
- ^ "Clan Livingstone / MacLay tartan". clanmclea.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
- ^ "MacLaine of Lochbuie Clan Tartan WR1462". tartans.scotland.net. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
References
- Mackenzie, Alexander (editor). The Celtic Magazine, (vol.6). Inverness: A. & W. MacKenzie, 1881.
- Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Ian. The Highland Clans. New York City: Clarkson N. Potter, 1982. ISBN 0-517-54659-0.
- Stewart, Donald C. The Setts of the Scottish Tartans, with descriptive and historical notes. London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 1974. ISBN 0-85683-011-9.
- Thomas, Capt. F. W. L. "Traditions of the MacAulays of Lewis". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 14 (1880).