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Hokuleʻa

Hōkūle‘a at Oshima channel, Yamaguchi-prefecture, Japan
Stern of portside hull and center steering sweep

Hōkūleʻa[1] is a performance-accurate full-scale 61-foot-5-inch (18.7 m) LOA, 15-foot-6-inch (4.72 m) beam, replica of a "Waʻa Kaulua," a double-hulled Polynesian voyaging canoe[2][3][4] (a specialized type of wooden sailing vessel) used in ancient Hawaiʻi, though she is built of plywood, fiberglass, and resin.[5] Hōkūle‘a displaces 16,000 pounds (7,260 kg) and can carry another 11,000 pounds (4,990 kg) between gear, supplies, and 12 to 16 crew. Fully laden, she is capable of speeds of 10 to 12 knots (12 to 14 mph; 19 to 22 km/h)[5] while reaching in 15-to-18-knot (17 to 21 mph; 28 to 33 km/h) trade winds. Her name means "star of gladness" in Hawaiian in reference to the star Arcturus, a guiding zenith star for Hawaiian navigators.[5] In layman's terms, the star passes directly overhead at Hawaiʻi's latitude.

Construction and purpose

Hōkūle‘a was launched on 8 March 1975[5] by the Polynesian Voyaging Society, and is best known for her 1976 voyage from Hawaiʻi to Tahiti, performed with Polynesian navigation techniques,[6] without modern navigational instruments.[7] The primary goal of the voyage was to further support the anthropological theory of the Asiatic origin of native Oceanic people (maps:detail, region), particularly Polynesians and Hawaiians, as the result of purposeful trips through the Pacific, as opposed to passive drifting on currents, or sailing from the Americas.[8][9][10] A secondary goal of the project was to have the canoe and voyage "serve as vehicles for the cultural revitalization of Hawaiians and other Polynesians." (Finney, Voyage of Rediscovery, p. 71)[11]

Description of Hōkūle‘a, the boat, is only part of her story, since she is navigated by non-instrument means. But no Hawaiian living in 1975 knew these ancient techniques for blue water voyaging.[12] To enable the voyage, the Polynesian Voyaging Society recruited the Satawalese Master Navigator Mau Piailug [of the Weriyeng school in the Caroline Islands (map) of the Federated States of Micronesia (map)] to share his knowledge of non-instrument navigation. While up to six Micronesian navigators still used these traditional methods as of the mid-1970s,[13] only Mau was willing to share his knowledge with the Polynesians.

Mau, who "barely spoke English," realized that by reaching beyond his own culture, through sharing what had been closely-guarded knowledge, he could possibly save it from loss. Through his collaboration with the Polynesian Voyaging Society, Mau's mentorship has helped "spark pride in the Hawaiian and Polynesian culture," leading to "a renaissance of voyaging, canoe building, and non-instrument navigation that has continued to grow, spreading across Polynesia (map) and reaching to its far corners of Aotearoa [New Zealand] and Rapanui [Easter Island]." (Thompson, Reflections on Mau Piailug, 1996)

Since 1976, Hōkūle‘a has completed nine more voyages to destinations in Micronesia, Polynesia, Asia, and the United States, all using ancient wayfinding techniques of celestial navigation. Her most recent voyage began 19 January 2007, when Hōkūle‘a left Hawaiʻi with the voyaging canoe Alingano Maisu on a voyage through Micronesia (map) and ports in southern Japan.[a] The voyage was expected to take five months; on 9 June 2007,[14] Hōkūle‘a completed the "One Ocean, One People" voyage to Yokohama, Japan.

When not on a voyage, Hōkūle‘a is moored at the Marine Education Training Center (METC) of Honolulu Community College in Honolulu Harbor.

List of voyages

1976 Inaugural Voyage

Hōkūle‘a, led by Captain Kawika Kapahulehua* and Navigator Mau Piailug, departed Honolua Bay, Mauʻi, Hawaiʻi for Papeʻete, Tahiti, as part of the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. Mau navigated the leg to Tahiti with only his traditional knowledge and skills while the return leg was navigated using modern methods and tools.

Legs of Inaugural Voyage

Navigator: Pius Mau Piailug; Captain: Elia David Kuʻualoha "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Clifford Ah Mow, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Ben R. Finney, Charles Tommy Holmes*, Sam Kalalau, Boogie Kalama, Buffalo Keaulana, John Kruse, Douglas "Dukie" Kuahulu*, David Lewis*, David Lyman*,[16] William "Billy" Richards, Rodo Tuku Williams*.

Navigator: James "Kimo" Lyman;[19] Captain: Kawika Kapahulehua; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Andy Espirto*, Mel Kinney, Kainoa Lee, Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Leonard Puputauiki, Penny Rawlins, Keani Reiner*, Nainoa Thompson, Makaʻala Yates, Ben Young.


1977 Kealaikahiki Project

In English, the Hawaiian "Ke ala i kahiki" means "the path to Tahiti." The "Kealaikahiki Project" recreated the traditional departure of ancient voyages to Tahiti. Captain Gordon Piʻianaiʻa headed Hōkūle‘a southeast, across Kealaikahiki Channel between Lānaʻi and Kahoʻolawe Islands, past Kealaikahiki Point, into the ʻAlenuihāhā Channel and the northeast trade winds. After heading south for two days, Hōkūle‘a returned to Hawaiʻi. This traditional departure point would be used for subsequent sailings to Tahiti.[20][21]

1978 Tahiti Voyage

A second voyage to Tahiti was aborted when Hōkūle‘a capsized[22] and swamped in high wind and seas south of the Island of Molokaʻi, five hours after departing Honolulu's Ala Wai Harbor. The crew hung on to the swamped canoe through the night, launching flares unseen by passing aircraft and trying but failing to reach help with the emergency radio. By mid-morning, with no sign of rescue imminent, Eddie Aikau, a North Shore lifeguard, 1977 Duke Kahanamoku champion and big-wave surfer, attempted to paddle a surfboard about 12 miles to Lānaʻi for help. About nine hours after he paddled away, flares launched by the crew were spotted by a Hawaiian Airlines flight which circled Hōkūle‘a and radioed the United States Coast Guard (USCG). Half an hour later, a Coast Guard helicopter was hovering overhead; Hōkūle‘a and crew were subsequently rescued. Eddie Aikau was never seen again. Hōkūle‘a carries a plaque in his memory. Future voyages will be accompanied by an escort vessel.[23][24]

Legs of 1978 Tahiti Voyage

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; First Mate: Leon Paoa Sterling; Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Eddie Aikau*, Charman Akina, M.D., Wedemeyer Au, Bruce Blankenfeld, Kilila Hugho, Sam Kaʻai, John Kruse, Marion Lyman,[26] Buddy McGuire, Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Curt Sumida, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu.[27]

1980 Tahiti Voyage

1980: Native Hawaiian Navigator Nainoa Thompson recreated the 1976 voyage, becoming the first Native Hawaiian in modern times to guide a canoe without instruments.[23]

1985 - 1987 Voyage of Rediscovery

For voyages across the International Date Line, dates shown below are standardized on Hawai‘i time.

In the "Voyage of Rediscovery," Hōkūle‘a traveled a total distance of 12,000 miles (19,000 km) to destinations throughout Polynesia.[28][29] Inviting fellow Polynesians to join the crew on legs of the voyage extended Hōkūle‘a's success in revitalizing interest in Polynesian culture. For instance, professional Tongan sea captain Sione Taupeamuhu was aboard during a night passage from Tongatapu to Nomuka in the northerly Haʻapai Islands group of Tonga (map). He was skeptical that Hōkūle‘a navigator Nainoa Thompson could find Nomuka without instruments. When Nomuka appeared on the horizon at dawn as planned, Taupeamuhu remarked, "Now I can believe the stories of my ancestors."[30]

Legs of Voyage of Rediscovery

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann*, Dennis Chun, Richard Tai Crouch, Harry Ho, Dr. Larry Magnussen, Michael "Buddy" McGuire, Mau Piailug, Thomas Reity (Satawal), James Shizuru, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Patrick Aiu, Chad Kalepa Baybayan, Karim Cowan (Tahiti), Bob Krauss, John Kruse, Vic Lipman, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Chad Piʻianaiʻa, Michael Tongg*, Andrew Tutai (Cook Islands), Peter Sepelalur (Satawal), Leon Paoa Sterllng, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Cliff Watson. (Bob Krauss, journalist; Karim Cowan, and Puaniho Tauotaha were crew members only from Tahiti to Raʻiatea)

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Dr. Patrick Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Dr. Ben Finney, Harry Ho, Michael "Buddy" McGuire, William "Billy" Richards, James Shizuru, Leon Paoa Sterling, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael A. Tongg

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Patrick Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Chad Baybayan, Philip Ikeda, John Keolanui, James "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Dr. Patrick Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Gilbert Ane, Gail Evenari (California), Chad Baybayan, Hector Busby (New Zealand), Philip Ikeda, Sam Kaʻai, John Keolanui, James "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Jo Anne Sterling, Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Pauahi Ioane, Bernard Kilonsky, Ben Lindsey, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas)

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Dr. Patrick Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Dede Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Wallace Froseith, Pauahi Ioane, Jerome Muller, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Rarotonga), Reo Tuiravakai (Aitutaki), Raukete Tuiravakai (Aitutaki)

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Patrick Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Wallace Froiseth, Harry Ho, Glen Oshiro, Mau Piailug, Richard Rhodes, Michael Tongg, Aaron Young

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka, Chad Baybayan; Wallace Froiseth, Harry Ho, Kilo Kaina, Michele Kapana, Will Kyselka, Russell Mau, Honolulu City Councilman Arnold Morgado; Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Tutaha Salmon (Tahiti), Cary Sneider (California), Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Aaron Young. Senator Akaka and Councilman Morgado joined the crew in Papeʻete.

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew; Chad Baybayan, Clay Bertelmann, Wallace Froiseth, Rey Jonsson, Solomon Kahoʻohalahala, Will Kyselka, Charles Larson, Mel Paoa, Cary Sneider (California), Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Dr. Nathan Wong, Elisa Yadao, Aaron Young

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Patrick Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Eni Hunkin (Samoa), Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), Dixon Stroup, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Elisa Yadao

1992 No Na Mamo

Hōkūle‘a sailed to Tahiti, Raʻiatea, and on to Rarotonga for the Sixth Festival of Pacific Arts,[33] then, via Tahiti, sailed back to Hawaiʻi. This voyage, known as "No Na Mamo," or "For the Children," was designed to train a new generation of voyagers to sail Hōkūle‘a, to share values and knowledge of voyaging, and to celebrate the revival of canoe building and non-instrument navigation. The voyage included an educational component where Hawaiian students could track the progress of the canoe through daily radio reports.[34]

Legs of No Na Mamo

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Co-navigator; Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Co-navigator; Clay Bertelmann, Captain; Nailima Ahuna, Fisherman; Dennis J. Chun, Historian; Maulili Dixon, Cook; Kainoa Lee; Liloa Long; Jay Pailiki; Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon; Ben Tamura, M.D.; Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Keahi Omai, Navigator; William "Billy" Richards, Captain; Gilbert Ane; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Clement "Tiger" Espere*; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Sol Kahoohalahala; Dennis Kawaharada, Communications; Reggie Keaunui; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; Eric Martinson; Nalani Minton, Traditional Medicine; Esther Mookini, Hawaiian Language; Mel Paoa; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation; Nathan Wong, M.D.

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Captain; Moana Doi, Photo Documentation; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Ben Finney, Scholar; Wally Froseith, Watch Captain; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Kaʻau McKenney; Keahi Omai; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; William "Billy" Richards, Watch Captain; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation Cook Islands Additional Crew: Clive Baxter (Aitutaki); Tura Koronui (Atiu); Dorn Marsters (Aitutaki); Tua Pittman (Rarotonga); Nga Pouʻaʻo (Mitiaro); Maʻara Tearaua (Mangaia); Peʻia Tuaʻati (Mauke)

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Bruce Blankenfeld, Co-navigator; James "Kimo" Lyman, Co-navigator; Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Watch Captain and Cook; Pat Aiu, M.D.; Carlos Andrade, Historian; Terry Hee, Fisherman; Archie Kalepa; Suzette Smith; Scott Sullivan, Communications; Mike Tongg, Watch Captain; Wallace Wong; Aaron Young, Watch Captain; Gary Yuen

1995 Na ʻOhana Holo Moana

In the spring, Hōkūle‘a, along with sister ships Hawai‘iloa and Makali‘i, sailed from Hawaiʻi to Tahiti. They participated in a gathering of voyaging canoes from across Oceania at nearby Taputapeatea, Raʻiatea, which led to the lifting of a six-centuries-old tapu on voyaging from Raʻiatea,[39] then all the canoes returned to Tahiti, sailed to Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas, then on to Hawaiʻi.[40] This was only the first part of a voyage spanning spring and summer known as "Na ʻOhana Holo Moana," or The Voyaging Families of the Vast Ocean.[41][42]

In the summer: Hōkūle‘a and Hawai‘iloa sailed the West Coast of the United States. Both vessels were shipped to Seattle, Washington, after which they sailed to Vancouver, British Columbia. From there, Hawai‘iloa sailed as far north as Haines, Alaska.[43] Hōkūle‘a sailed south to San Diego via Portland, Oregon, and the California ports of San Francisco, Santa Barbara, and Long Beach. The voyaging canoes were shipped back to Hawaiʻi: Hōkūle‘a from San Diego; Hawai‘iloa from Seattle. This summer part of the voyage promoted cultural and educational exchanges with Hawaiians (some of whom had never been to Hawaiʻi), Native Americans, and other people living on the United States West Coast.

Legs of Na ʻOhana Holo Moana, Spring

Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Kaʻau McKenney, Keahi Omai; Crew: Mau Piailug, Shantelle Ching, Junior Coleman, Catherine Fuller, Harry Ho, Sesario Sewralur (son of Mau Piailug), Ben Tamura, MD; Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu, Mike Tongg, Kamaki Worthington. After Hōkūle‘a sighted Tikehau on 2 March 1995, Navigators Kaʻau McKenney and Keahi Omai turned over navigation to their apprentices, Junior Coleman and Sesario Sewralur, who guided the vessel to landfall in Papeʻete, Tahiti.[45]

  • Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia-Fare, Huahine-Taputapuatea Marae, Raʻiatea, Cook Islands-Tahaʻa, Society Islands, French Polynesia-Tautira, Tahiti: 16 March 1995-24 March 1995[46]

Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Co-navigators: Moana Doi, Piʻikea Miller; Watch Captains: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu, Mike Tongg; Medical Officer: Mel Paoa; Fisherman and Teacher: Nainoa Thompson; Cook: Gary Yuen; Crew: Mau Piailug, Clyde Aikau, Sam Pautu, Sesario Sewralur, Gary Suzuki[44]

Legs of Na ʻOhana Holo Moana, Summer

Captains: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, James "Kimo" Lyman, Mike Tongg, Chad Baybayan; Crew: ?.[49]


1999 - 2000 Voyage to Rapa Nui

1999: Hōkūle‘a sailed from Hawaiʻi to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and back. A technically challenging voyage due to Rapa Nui's isolation and generally upwind location; it is known as "Closing the Triangle" because it takes the canoe to the southeastern Pacific for the first time.[50]


2003 - 2004 Navigating Change Project

2004: Hōkūle‘a's voyage of June 2004, led by Nainoa Thompson, took the canoe through the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands[51] to promote stewardship and awareness of this pristine area. Hōkūle‘a participated in an interagency initiative with this voyage named after the initiative, called "Navigating Change." Upon reaching the remote islands, the crew helped haul away hundreds of pounds of washed-up fishing nets which threatened Hawaiian monk seals and Hawaiian Green sea turtles and also helped with plant conservation. About 1,600 schoolchildren were linked to the vessel by daily satellite phone calls for which teachers prepared with curriculum guides, video and web resources.[52]

2007 One Ocean, One People

The "One Ocean, One People" theme united two voyages in celebration of Pacific voyaging, Pacific Islands, and cultural ties, in passages to Micronesia and Japan. These voyages were named "Ku Holo Mau" and "Ku Holo La Komohana".[53][54]

Ku Holo Mau

Accompanied by the canoe Alingano Maisu and specialized escort boat Kama Hele,[55] Hōkūle‘a sailed from Hawaiʻi to the Federated States of Micronesia, 23 January to 4 April 2007. This voyage is known as "Ku Holo Mau," or "Sail On, Sail Always, Sail Forever." While on the island of Satawal, the crew of the Hōkūle‘a presented the Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug as a gift for his role in helping to revive traditional wayfinding navigation in Hawaiʻi.[56] While at Satawal, some Hōkūle‘a navigators who had proven their mastery of non-instrument sailing and navigation over many ocean passages were inducted into Pwo, pronounced "poh." This was the first Pwo ceremony on Satawal in five decades,[12] and the first time Polynesians were inducted.[57]

Legs of Ku Holo Mau

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Ben Tamura; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Bob Bee, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[60]

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Gerald Akaka; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Gary Kubota, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[61]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, William "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[62]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, William "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[63]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, William "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[64]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, William "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[65][66]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Dr. Thane Hancock, Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, William "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[67]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Tommy Remengesau (President of Palau), Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon[68][69]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Nainoa Thompson; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon[68]


Ku Holo La Komohana

From Yap, the Hōkūle‘a sailed to Yokohama, Japan, 11 April 2007 to 8 June 2007. Upon sighting Kyūshū, navigation of coastal and inland seas utilized landmarks and aids to navigation. From departure to landfall at Okinawa, Japan, Hokule‘a was guided by Nainoa Thompson. Chad Baybayan then guided the vessel to further stops at Amami, Uto, Nomozaki, Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Shinmoji marina in Moji-ku, Iwaishima, and Suō-Ōshima (Oshima). Nainoa Thompson resumed as Captain for stops at Miyajima and Hiroshima. Bruce Blankenfeld then took over for stops at Uwajima, Muroto, Miura, and Kamakura before concluding the voyage in Yokohama.[70] This voyage is known as "Ku Holo La Komohana," or Sail On to the Western Sun. While Hokule‘a was shipped back to Honolulu, escort vessel Kama Hele sailed back to Oʻahu under German Captain Mike Weindl with six Japanese crewmembers.[71][72]

Legs of Ku Holo La Komohana

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Takuji Arai (Japan), Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Timi Gilliom, Kaina Holomalia, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy, Maile Neff, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Pete Roney, Kanaka Uchino (Japan)

Captain: Chad Baybayan; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Kalepa "Kala" Baybayan, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Derek Ferrar, Timmy Gilliom, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Makaʻala Rawlins, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Van K. Warren

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Nanea Baird, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Sky Takemoto, Kanako Uchino, Van K. Warren

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Senior Officers: Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu; Watch Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Crew: Takuji Araki, Chris Baird, Dennis Kawaharada, Attwood Makanani, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Patti-Ann Solomon; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Pomaikalani Bertelmann, Dean Nikaido, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Leighton Tseu (representing the Royal Order of Kamehameha), Kanako Uchino, Kiyotsugu Yoshida (Sunset Films)

* Polynesian Voyaging Society website notes these crew members have passed away.[77]

Images

  • Galley and Diamond Bakery's cookie bucket.[78]
    Galley and Diamond Bakery's cookie bucket.[78]
  • Motto, Kapu nā Keiki,[79] engraved on a crossbeam of Hōkūle‘a
    Motto, Kapu nā Keiki,[79] engraved on a crossbeam of Hōkūle‘a
  • Steering sweep grip of portside
    Steering sweep grip of portside
  • Inside a compartment
    Inside a compartment
  • Radio system
    Radio system
  • Hōkūle‘a arrives in Yokohama Bay, 2007
    Hōkūle‘a arrives in Yokohama Bay, 2007
  • Kama Hele at Yokohama port, on the day Hōkūle‘a finished the 2007 Micronesia-Japan voyage
    Kama Hele at Yokohama port, on the day Hōkūle‘a finished the 2007 Micronesia-Japan voyage

See also

References and Notes

References

  • Finney, Ben (1994). Voyage of Rediscovery: A Cultural Odyssey through Polynesia (in en-US). Illustrations by Richard Rhodes. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08002-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Thompson, Nainoa (1996 (original date)). "Reflections on Mau Piailug: Master Navigator, Master Teacher". Ku Holo Mau: 2007 Voyage to Micronesia for Mau Piailug (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Notes

a. ^ Derek Ferrar (October/November 2007). "In the Land of the Western Sun". Hana Hou! Vol. 10 No. 5 (Article includes a travel diary from May 14 in Fukuoka through May 25 in Hiroshima). After the new canoe was presented to Mau in March, Hōkūle‘a continued on a second mission, dubbed "Ku Holo La Komohana" (Sail on to the Western Sun), crossing 1,200 miles from the Micronesian island of Yap to Okinawa and then hopscotching through the islands of southern Japan to Yokohama. The journey was conceived to honor the cultural ties between Japan and Hawaiʻi, which began with the visit of King Kalakaua to the Emperor Meiji in 1881 and were strengthened by the subsequent emigration of thousands of Japanese contract laborers to the Islands' sugar plantations, many of whom remained in Hawaiʻi, forever weaving their heritage into the fabric of Island life. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Footnotes

  1. ^ Finney, et al. Voyage of Rediscovery, op. cit., p. xiii, offers pronunciation guidance for the boat's name, "The macrons over vowels indicate that they are longer than unmarked vowels and are stressed. The ʻ [character, called "okina",] indicates a consonant called a glottal stop. It is similar to the sound between oh's in the English oh-oh."
  2. ^ Definition of Wa‹a Kaulua from www.wehewehe.org
  3. ^ Unattributed. "Canoe Parts--Hokule'a". Polynesian Voyaging Society Visuals (in haw and en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) A line drawing with vessel specifications, configuration, and parts named.
  4. ^ Unattributed. "360 degree tour of Hokule‘a". Hokuleʻa: 2007 Voyages to Micronesia and Japan (in en-US and Hawaiian). Gannet Co. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Requires Flash, a free downloadable viewer from Adobe.
  5. ^ a b c d Unattributed. "The Building of the Hokule'a - 1973-75". Canoe Building (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "[Introduction to] Wayfinding, or Non-Instrument Navigation". Wayfinding Strategies and Tactics (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This section of the Polynesian Voyaging Society web site offers an introduction to techniques; links at page bottom provide further information and bibliography.
  7. ^ State of Hawaiʻi, House of Representatives, Twenty-third Legislature, 2006, House Resolution 267. Read the text of the State Resolution honoring Master Navigator Mau Piailug and the inaugural crew for their achievements.
  8. ^ Finney, Ben. "Voyaging into Polynesia's Past: The Founding of the Polynesian Voyaging Society" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Dr. Finney discusses founding of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and gives background on contrasting theories of Polynesian settlement such as Thor Heyerdahl (settlement from Americas), Andrew Sharp (settlement by chance from drift voyaging), and others proposed.
  9. ^ Evenari, Gail. "Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey" (in en-US). PBS. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Gail Evenari, crew on the Tonga-Sāmoa leg of the "Voyage of Rediscovery," produced a documentary on ancient Polynesian voyaging broadcast by PBS. The Heyerdahl and Sharp section of the related PBS website summarizes theories of Polynesian settlement which the Hōkūle‘a voyages empirically undercut.
  10. ^ Wilford, John Noble (18 January 2008). "Pacific Islanders' Ancestry Emerges in Genetic Study". Asia Pacific. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) DNA analysis confirms Polynesians' relationship to Taiwan Aborigines and East Asians.
  11. ^ Though Finney's Voyage of Rediscovery is primarily about the nearly two year voyage of that name, 1985-1987, here Finney speaks about the canoe's original construction and 1976 voyage.
  12. ^ a b Kubota, Gary (18 March 2007). "Navigators' Journey of Spirit, Skill Ends: Five Polynesians are Recognized as Select Master Wayfinders". Honolulu Star-Bulletin (in en-US). Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Describes the 2007 induction of Nainoa Thompson, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, and Chad Baybayan into Pwo, 32 years after Hōkūle‘a's launching, in recognition of their mastery of Micronesian non-instrument navigation as taught by Mau Piailug. This reference adds that the Pwo ceremony had not been conducted in fifty years, whereas Pwo suggests this was the first Pwo in fifty-six years
  13. ^ Gordon, Mike (14 November 2006). "New Canoe a Tribute to Piailug". Honolulu Advertiser (in en-US). Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Mentions the 1969 death of the last Polynesian navigator and existence of only six Micronesian navigators due to younger seafarers' adoption of GPS and outboard motors over the rigors of learning traditional non-instrument means of navigating sailing canoes.
  14. ^ Due to the International Date Line, the voyage was completed on 8 June, Hawaiʻi time.
  15. ^ Hawai‘i to Tahiti and Return: 1976, Polynesian Voyaging Society website, provides the crew information for both legs of the 1976 voyage.
  16. ^ Adamski, Mary. Sea Captain Promoted Merchant Fleet Careers Star Bulletin, Honolulu, 31 January 2006, retrieved 23 July 2008. Notes Dave Lyman's untimely death in 2006 unrelated to sailing on Hōkūle‘a
  17. ^ Unattributed (7 July 2006). "Hokule'a 30th Anniversary:The First Voyage" (in en-US). Star-Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-08-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This source cites inaugural voyage's ending when Hōkūle‘a returned to Hawaiʻi on 26 July 1976; for return voyage's date of commencement, note the citation immediately following.
  18. ^ Unattributed. "Hokule'a 1976" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Map of voyage mentions Hōkūle‘a 1976 return leg length of 22 days.
  19. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis (1993). "No Na Mamo: Hokule'a's 1992 Voyage for Education". KCCN Hawaiian Radio Cultural Vignette Series (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) While the subject of this work is the 1992 voyage, it refers to Kimo Lyman's selection as navigator of the 1976 return voyage to Hawaiʻi.
  20. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Rarotonga". No Na Mamo: For the Children (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) The writer mentions Piʻianaiʻa's 1977 voyage in his article on the 1992 voyage.
  21. ^ Bakutis, Bunky (8 April 1977). "Hokule‘a Test Voyage Backs Channel Theory". The Honolulu Advertiser. Persis Corporation. pp. A-6. Retrieved 2008-08-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) The article appears alongside others on the same topic on a scanned page which aggregates them.
  22. ^ Polhemus, David (3 March 1978). "Hokuleʻa capsizes; 2 copters shuttle crew here; 1 missing". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-08-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Retrieved from Kamehameha Schools archives of Polynesian Voyaging Society activities.
  23. ^ a b Kyselka, Will (October 1987). An Ocean in Mind. Kolowalu Books (in en-US) (1st ed. ed.). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824811127. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ^ Finney, Ben. Sailing in the Wake of Ancestors: Reviving Polynesian Voyaging. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. p. 168. ISBN 1-58178-025-7. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  25. ^ Franseen, R.A. "61' S/Catamaran "Hokuleʻa", O.N. 571798; Investigation into the Swamping [rest deleted]" (PDF). Report of Investigation, Commander, 14th Coast Guard District. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 2008-08-16. Retrieved from Unattributed. "1978 - Voyage to Tahiti - Analysis: Coast Guard Fact Finding". Kamehameha Schools Archives: Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives, Set 2: 1978 - 1984. Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  26. ^ Now Marion Lyman-Mersereau
  27. ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to Tahiti Cancelled After Canoe Swamping - 1978". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  28. ^ Ben Finney, et al., "Voyage of Rediscovery", op. cit. p. 96.
  29. ^ Finney, Ben (1992). Voyaging into Polynesia's Past. From Sea to Space (The Macmillan Brown Memorial Lectures 1989) (in en-US). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University. pp. pp. 5-65. ISBN 0908665598. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Dr. Finney gives a short account of the Voyage of Rediscovery.
  30. ^ Finney, et. al., Voyage of Rediscovery, op. cit., p. 120.
  31. ^ Finney; et al. Voyage of Rediscovery. pp. op. cit., pp. 327-329. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last= (help)
  32. ^ Unattributed. "Voyage of Rediscovery: 1985-87". Voyage of Rediscovery (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This page lists crew for all legs of the Voyage of Rediscovery and directs readers to further resources.
  33. ^ Overview of the Festival of Pacific Arts which brings together cultures from across the Pacific every four years.
  34. ^ No Na Momo on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved on 9 August 2008.
  35. ^ Chun, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Hawai'i to Tahiti" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Provides narrative about first leg of No Na Mamo and biographical information on key crew members.
  36. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Ra'iatea". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra'iatea and Rarotonga (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) A narrative of the voyage by Communications crew Kawaharada.
  37. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Rarotonga". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra'iatea and Rarotonga (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  38. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992: The Voyage Home". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra‘iatea and Rarotonga (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  39. ^ Finney, Ben. "Sin at Awarua". 1995 Voyage to Nukuhiva in the Marquesas Islands (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  40. ^ Unattributed. "Map of 1995 Na ʻOhana Holo Moana Voyage" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  41. ^ Finney, Ben (2003). Sailing in the Wake of Ancestors. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 1-58178-024-7. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  42. ^ Louvat, Marc. "Meeting at Taputapuatea, 1995". A Fano Ra - Navigation Ancestrale (in fra and portions in en-US). Institut de la Communication Audiovisuelle - Polynésie française. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This is 20MB Flash video of the 1995 ceremony at Taputapuatea marae.
  43. ^ Hawai‘iloa was built of traditional materials, with the sponsorship of the Bishop Museum's Native Hawaiian Culture and Arts Program in response to the Hōkūle‘a voyages' revival of interest in Native Hawaiian culture. But no healthy koa trees large enough for her hulls could be found in Hawaiʻi's forests. This dilemma led to action to help Hawaiʻ's environment including planting koa seedlings for future generations, because traditional Hawaiian culture and Hawaiʻi's environment interdepend. (See Sam Low, Sacred Forests on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved 07 August 2008 quoting Nainoa Thompson about "Mālama Hawaiʻi") So, to build Hawai‘iloa without having to wait several centuries for the koa to grow, the Polynesian Voyaging Society accepted a gift of two enormous 400-year old Sitka spruce logs from the forests of the Tsimshian, Haida, and Tlingit Native Alaskans. Hawai‘iloa's voyage through Southeast Alaska was to thank these people for their kindness and to recognize their contribution to Hawaiian native culture (See Northwest-Alaska 1995 Home on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved 7 August 2008)
  44. ^ a b c Unattributed. "Departure from Hawaiʻi (Feb 3-11)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Cite error: The named reference "1995departHI" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  45. ^ Unattributed. "Landfall Tahiti (Feb. 27- Mar. 5)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  46. ^ Unattributed. "Ceremonies at Taputapuatea, Raʻiatea (Mar. 7-29)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  47. ^ Unattributed. "To Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands (April 15-18)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Documents dates of departure from Tautira and arrival at Taiohae Bay.
  48. ^ Unattributed. "Welcome Back to Hawaiʻi (May 3-14)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  49. ^ a b Unattributed. "The Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours". Summer 1995: Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  50. ^ Closing the Triangle: A Quest for Rapa Nui, Polynesian Voyaging Society web site.
  51. ^ Establishment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument The White House, Washington, D.C. On 15 June 2006, conservation of the area was furthered by the President's naming it as a U.S. National Monument
  52. ^ Saul, Susan. "Hokule'a Voyages Through Hawaiian Islands NWR" (in en-US). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2008-08-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Navigating Change was more than the trip of a voyaging canoe; it was an initiative supported by US Fish & Wildlife Service, Polynesian Voyaging Society, Bishop Museum, NOAA, State of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi Maritime Center, University of Hawaiʻi, Coastal Zone Management Hawaiʻi, and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
  53. ^ Unattributed. "One Ocean, One People" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j 2007 Sailing Plan and Log, Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, gives details of stops, dates.
  55. ^ Kama Hele - The Ultimate Escort Vessel
  56. ^ Unattributed. "2007 Voyage to Micronesia for Mau Piailug". Ku Holo Mau: Sail On, Sail Always, Sail Forever (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  57. ^ "3/26 Kathy's Report, Recap of Chuuk to Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  58. ^ "What a Beautiful Departure it Was". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Narrative about the departure from Kawaihae also mentions sailing plan and gift of Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug.
  59. ^ Unattributed. "Map of Ku Holo Mau Voyage". 2007 One Ocean, One People (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  60. ^ Unattributed. "Leg 1: Hawaiʻi to Majuro: Crew Lists". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  61. ^ Kaʻiulani, Murphy. "Kaʻiulani's Hokuleʻa Reports: 2/18, 2/19, 2/20, and 2/21-on our way to Pohnpei". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  62. ^ Unattributed (6 March 2007). "3/8 Crew Lists Pohnpei to Chuuk". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  63. ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (12 March 2007). "3/12 Underway to Satawal". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  64. ^ Kubota, Gary T. (20 March 2007). "Voyagers to Pay Homage to Chiefs: The Crews are Sailing to Woleai Atoll, then to Ulithi and Yap". Honolulu Star-Bulletin Mobile Edition (in en-US). Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  65. ^ "3/26 Kathy's Report, recapping Chuuk to Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  66. ^ Bertelmann, Pomaikalani (2 April 2007). "4/2 "Venus to the Moon, a run for CAPT."". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Mentions some crew leaving the vessel at Woleai.
  67. ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (25 March 2007). "3/24 & 25: Kaʻiulani Reports, from Ulithi and Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Includes addition of Dr. Hancock to crew.
  68. ^ a b Polynesian Voyaging Society (28 March 2007). "3/28 Crew Lists: Yap-Palau-Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  69. ^ "3/29 Kathy reports from Yap: Hokuleʻ and Maisu depart for Palau". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Mentions president of Palau, Tommy Remengesau, sailing from Yap to Palau on Hōkūle‘a.
  70. ^ Shintani, M. Google Tracking Map of Ku Holo La Komohana voyage.
  71. ^ Unattributed (17 July 2007). "Kama Hele arrives home". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  72. ^ Interview with Nainoa Thompson, (in en-US or jpn), YouTube video on Polynesian Voyaging Society site, about the One Ocean, One People voyage, retrieved 9 August 2008.
  73. ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "4/12: Hokule'a Departs from Yap for Okinawa, Japan". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  74. ^ Baybayan, Chad (14 May 2007). "5/14 HST: Crew Lists to Oshima". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  75. ^ Ontiveros, Ramona (27 May 2007). "5/27: On Her Way to Ehime". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  76. ^ Unattributed (1 June 2007). "Uwajima to Yokohama Crew List". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  77. ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society website
  78. ^ The Voyage to Rapa Nui / 1999-2000
  79. ^ Kapu Nā Keiki web page translates the motto into en-US as "Hold Sacred the Children," which refers to the childrens' outreach program by this name.


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