Dunes (hotel and casino)

Coordinates: 36°06′47″N 115°10′35″W / 36.11306°N 115.17639°W / 36.11306; -115.17639
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For the unfinished project, see Dunes Hotel and Casino (Atlantic City).

Dunes Hotel and Casino
The Dunes Hotel and Oasis Casino in 1983, seen from Flamingo Road, ten years before closure and implosion
Dunes Hotel and Casino is located in Las Vegas Strip
Dunes Hotel and Casino
Dunes Hotel and Casino is located in Nevada
Dunes Hotel and Casino
Dunes Hotel and Casino is located in the United States
Dunes Hotel and Casino
Location Paradise, Nevada
Address 3600 Las Vegas Boulevard South
Opening dateMay 23, 1955 (1955-05-23)
Closing dateJanuary 26, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-01-26)
ThemeDesert, Arabian
No. of rooms200 (1955)
450 (1979)
1,300 (1993)
Permanent showsCasino de Paris
Signature attractionsOasis Casino at The Dunes Dunes Golf Course
Notable restaurantsThe Sultans Table
Dome of the Sea
Top O'the Strip
Casino typeLand-based
OwnerMasao Nangaku (1987–1992)
Mirage Resorts (1992–1993)[1]
ArchitectJohn Replogle, Robert Dorr Jr., Milton Schwartz, Maxwell Starkman
Renovated in1961, 1964, 1971, 1979, 1983, 1985
Coordinates36°06′47″N 115°10′35″W / 36.11306°N 115.17639°W / 36.11306; -115.17639

The Dunes Hotel was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, that operated from May 23, 1955, to January 26, 1993. Designed by architects John Replogle, Robert Dorr Jr., Milton Schwartz and Maxwell Starkman, it was the tenth resort to open on the Strip. Bellagio now stands on its former grounds since its opening in 1998.

History

In the early 1950s, Al Gottesman, the retired owner of a movie theater chain who was living in Miami, received a request from two developers for a $58,000 loan that would be used to purchase desert property for a Las Vegas hotel. Gottesman agreed to provide funding in exchange for a small portion of the hotel's profits. Gottesman provided an additional $16,000 to hire an architect for the new project.[2]

Gottesman later discovered that other partners, who were from Rhode Island and were led by Joe Sullivan, had also invested in the project. Sullivan's group had secretly included mobster Raymond Patriarca, a fact that was not discovered until years later. The initial developers later dropped out of the project, and the property was subsequently taken over by Gottesman and by Sullivan's group, both of whom had plans for a large gambling resort. An additional $1.5 million was raised, with Beverly Hills jewelry seller Bob Rice as an additional partner. A pension fund from the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, which had connections to the mafia, helped to complete the new resort, which cost $3.5 million to build.[2]

Opening and early years (1955–1960s)

Violetta Villas

The Dunes, themed after the Arabian Nights stories, opened on May 23, 1955.[2] It was designed by architects John Replogle and Robert Dorr Jr.[3] Milton Schultz designed the Diamond of the Dunes tower in 1961.[4] Maxwell Starkman designed the south tower in 1979.[5] The new resort included 200 hotel rooms, located in several two-story buildings. Also featured was a 90-foot V-shaped swimming pool and a 150-foot lagoon. The resort also featured the Arabian Room, which had the capabilities and size of a Broadway theatre. Hollywood star Vera-Ellen headlined on opening night. The resort was located on an 85-acre (34 ha) property, some of which remained vacant at the time of opening.[2] The hotel's slogan was "The Miracle in the Desert".[6] From the time of its opening, the Dunes was known for the 35 ft (11 m) tall fiberglass sultan statue that stood above its main entrance.[2][6]

Gottesman and Sullivan were surprised by the amount of money lost on the hotel and on expensive headliner entertainment, while the resort suffered from poor revenue on its table games and only minimal success from the Arabian Room. Managers of the Sands Hotel and Casino leased the showroom and casino for a short time, but were unable to make it a success. By August 1955, Gottesman was prepared to sell the resort as he had become upset with the large amount of his own money that he had to spend to keep it operational. The casino was closed briefly for a lack of business.[2]

The resort was purchased in 1956 by two businessmen, Major A. Riddle and Jake Gottlieb, who had dealings with the Chicago Outfit.[7] Rice stayed with the property to work on its entertainment aspect with Riddle.[2] On January 10, 1957, Riddle introduced Nevada's first topless show, called Minsky's Follies, the first of which was "Minsky Goes to Paris". Although the State Legislature was opposed to the show, it set a record for attendance in a single week at 16,000.[6]

In 1958, the pension fund of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters loaned $4 million to Riddle and Gottlieb to help the resort. At one point, Jayne Mansfield performed in the resort's showroom for $35,000 a week.[2] An 18-hole golf course was added in 1959.[6] In April 1959, the Dunes celebrated what was the first double groundbreaking ceremony in Las Vegas, with construction beginning simultaneously on the resort's new Exhibitor & Convention Hall and a 500-space parking lot.[6]

In 1961, a 24-story, 250-room hotel tower, known as Diamond of the Dunes, was added to the northern part of the property, bringing the total number of rooms to 450. At the top of the tower was the Top O' the Strip restaurant and lounge. The tower was designed by Chicago architect Milton Schwartz. The tower was the tallest building in the state at the time. The height was 84m / 275'7". It was completed in 1964.[2][6][4]

In 1964 Schwartz designed a restaurant with a dome-shaped roof, known as Dome of the Sea, operated on the property through the 1970s.[2][4]

Mike Goodman, author of the best-selling 1963 book How to Win: At Cards, Dice, Races, Roulette , was a pit boss at the Dunes during the 1960s.[8] Many top performers, such as Dean Martin, Liberace, George Burns, Ray Vasquez, Pat Cooper, Judy Garland, Line Renaud, Violetta Villas, Phyllis Diller and Frank Sinatra, performed at the hotel.

Operation and final years (1960s–1993)

The Dunes, and Oasis Casino, in 1983

Although it opened to much fanfare, it struggled from the start because The Dunes was at the then-southernmost part of the Strip. The hotel frequently had to borrow money, and even the Sands Hotel lent its executives to help out, as well as bringing in numerous famous celebrities and entertainers such as Frank Sinatra's surprise appearance dressed as a sultan. In the late 1960s, Morris Shenker bought an interest in the Dunes and became its chairman of the board. In 1970, there were unrealized rumors Howard Hughes would buy into the hotel.

From 1976 to 1978, Johnny Elvis Foster starred in his Elvis show, For The Love Of Elvis, at the Dunes' showroom. Shenker was Foster's godfather. Foster was the first Elvis impersonator before Elvis died.

In 1979, the South Tower was added, expanding the hotel to 1300 rooms. The new tower was designed by Los Angeles architect Maxwell Starkman.[9][5]

In 1983, brothers Stuart and Clifford Perlman, founders of Caesars World, agreed to buy the Dunes for $185 million, and even took over operation of the property for several months, but the sale ultimately fell through. A second casino in a separate, round building on the site opened in 1983 under the name Oasis Casino at The Dunes.[10] In 1985, the sultan statue was moved to the golf course during renovations, and later caught fire, reportedly due to an electrical short.[6]

The Dunes, suffering from low revenue, filed for bankruptcy protection and reorganization under Chapter 11 on November 6, 1985. Later that year, Steve Wynn, chairman of the local Golden Nugget hotel-casino, offered $115 million to purchase the resort, although the offer was rejected.[11][12] Businessman Donald Trump subsequently offered to purchase the resort for $100 million, although he was rejected as well. By July 1987, Hilton Hotels Corporation and Japanese investor Masao Nangaku both separately planned to purchase the resort.[11] Nangaku purchased the Dunes that year for $155 million, although he could not make it financially successful.[6]

Neon facade of the Oasis Casino in 1990

On November 17, 1992, the Dunes was sold to Wynn's company, Mirage Resorts, Inc., for $75 million.[6][13]

Closure and demolition

The Dunes closed at midnight on January 26, 1993. A liquidation sale was conducted by National Content Liquidators to clear the property of its contents as a prelude to the building's demolition. Like many of the legendary properties of its era, it could no longer compete with the newer and more exciting megaresorts that were being built.

Steve Wynn bought the Dunes and started the redevelopment trend with the demolition of the 32-year-old North Tower. On October 27, 1993, the Dunes was demolished in a grand ceremony that involved major fireworks displays and the use of several "cannon blasts" from the English ship 'HMS Britannia' of Treasure Island Hotel and Casino. Over 200,000 people watched its demise. The Dunes sign itself was lit and read "No Vacancy" as if it were still open. Steve Wynn, along with Controlled Demolition, Inc. stood by and said "Captain of the Britannia, are you ready sir? Prepare broadside. Ready! Aim! Fire!" Cannon shots from the ship were simulated to coincide with explosions along the Dunes property. The neon sign was destroyed and a fireball fueled by 16,000 liters (4226 gallons) of aviation fuel engulfed the Diamond Tower shortly before explosives brought it down. Everything except the south tower was destroyed "amid a shower of fireworks never before equaled west of the Mississippi."[13]

The 15-year-old South Tower was demolished 9 months later on July 20, 1994, with no fanfare and minimal media attention. The demolition also held symbolic significance for the city. Many long-time residents knew the Dunes was controlled by the mafia, having been first built with money from it and the mob-controlled pension funds of the Teamsters and Pipefitters unions. The demolition signaled the end of significant mafia control and influence in Las Vegas.

For many years, the hotel was owned by Major Riddle from the "Chicago Outfit" and later sold in part to Morris Shenker, an "attorney associated with the St. Louis Mafia, Meyer Lansky, Jimmy Hoffa, and Frank Foster, owner of Athony Alarm".[14] Riddle and Shenker later became a target of the Organized Crime Strike Force in St. Louis.[15]

During its construction of a new resort and casino, workers found four bags of Dunes casino chips that were buried at the site.[16]

Bellagio now stands in place of the Dunes: the former's fountain and lake alone are located on the site of the latter's casino and its North tower. The Dunes golf course is now occupied by parts of Park MGM, New York-New York, CityCenter, Cosmopolitan, and T-Mobile Arena.

Fire safety and 1986 arson spree

New fire-safety rules were implemented in Las Vegas following the MGM Grand fire (1980) and Las Vegas Hilton fire (1981). In 1985, the Dunes was one of seven hotels that failed to comply with the new safety rules, receiving six citations. The Dunes agreed to close its main showroom and convention center in exchange for a county extension, allowing time to raise $13.5 million needed to bring the facilities up to standard.[17][18] In February 1986, the Dunes won additional extensions to meet the fire-safety requirements.[19][20]

Later that month, a series of arson fires were set to several Strip resorts, including the Dunes, the Holiday Casino, and the Sands. As a precaution, 1,650 hotel guests were evacuated from the Dunes just before midnight. On the casino floor, many gamblers refused to leave and continued playing. Firefighters quickly determined that the fires posed no threat to the casino area. Crews battled a total of five fires at the Dunes, and guests were allowed to return to their rooms after three hours. Six people were treated for smoke inhalation, and damage was estimated at $55,000. The Dunes offered a $10,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the arsonist.[21] A man was eventually arrested for the arson spree and sentenced to 10 years in prison.[22][23] In light of the recent fires, the county reconsidered the extensions previously granted to the Dunes.[24][25][26] By May 1986, the resort had made significant progress on its fire retrofit work.[27]

Live entertainment

Pianist Jack Melick at Sultan's Table, 1966

Comedian Wally Cox was an early entertainer at the Dunes, opening there in July 1955, although he was fired due to poor audience reception. Gottesman acknowledged that Cox was ill-prepared and brought no new material to his performances.[28][29] Cox had been signed for four weeks, but only gave three performances. Comedian Stan Irwin briefly filled in for Cox,[30] who was then hired back later in the month.[31][32]

Entertainers at Top O' the Strip included Art and Dotty Todd, Russ Morgan,[33] and Bob Anderson.[34][35] The Dunes also opened a Comedy Store location in 1984,[36] hosting numerous comedians. It relocated to the Golden Nugget hotel-casino in 1990,[37] but briefly returned to the Dunes in 1992.[38]

Shows

The Dunes' 1955 opening included Vera-Ellen in a production show titled New York-Paris-Paradise,[39] which was contracted for a four-week run.[40] It was part of Gottesman's policy to focus on shows rather than big-name stars; he said, "There aren't enough name stars in the world to play all the Vegas hotels".[41][42] New York-Paris-Paradise was directed by Robert Nesbitt and played in the Dunes' showroom, known as the Arabian Room.[43][44]

On January 10, 1957, Riddle debuted Las Vegas' first topless show, titled Minsky Goes to Paris.[29][45] Riddle said, "We have something people can't get on television". The show's success inspired other resorts to debut their own topless shows.[46] During 1958, the show was attracting 9,000 viewers weekly.[44] Later known as Minsky's Follies, the show ran until 1961.[47]

Riddle brought Tenderloin, a Broadway musical, to the Dunes in May 1961.[48][49] The Broadway show Guys and Dolls, starring Betty Grable and Dan Dailey, also played at the Dunes for about six months, starting in 1962.[50][51][52]

The Dunes opened a new venue, the Persian Room, in December 1961. It replaced the Sinbad Cocktail Lounge.[53] The Persian Room debuted with Vive Les Girls, a French musical revue by Frederic Apcar.[54][55] It was successful, becoming an annual show at the Dunes.[56][57][58] It closed in 1971, when the Persian Room was replaced by the keno lounge.[59][60]

The Dunes had also debuted another show by Apcar in December 1963, titled Casino de Paris and initially starring Line Renaud. The show cost approximately $6 million to create, featuring 100 cast members and more than 500 costumes.[61][56][46] The show incorporated a custom stage known as the Octopus[46] or Octuramic.[62][63] Designed by Schwartz and Kenny, the stage had several arms capable of extending 50 feet above the audience. Circular dancing platforms, 20 feet in diameter, were built at the end of each arm, allowing showgirls to dance above the audience.[46] The show ended in June 1981, due to the high costs of putting it on each week.[64][65]

Showstoppers, a family show by Jeff Kutash, was planned to open in 1990,[66][67] but was canceled before its premiere.[68]

Boxing

Many major professional boxing events took place at the Dunes from 1975 to 1990;[69] notably the May 20, 1983 undercard that featured Ossie Ocasio retaining his WBA's world Cruiserweight title by fifteen round unanimous decision over Randy Stephens, Greg Page beat Renaldo Snipes by twelve rounds unanimous decision in a WBC's Heavyweight division elimination bout, Michael Dokes retained his WBA world Heavyweight title with a fifteen-round draw (tie) over Mike Weaver in their rematch, and Larry Holmes won over Tim Witherspoon by a twelve-round split decision to retain his WBC world Heavyweight title.[70] This was the first time in history that two world Heavyweight championship fights took place on the same day.

In popular culture

The Dunes made numerous appearances in television, including a 1964 episode of Arrest and Trial.[71][72] It is featured in a 1977 episode of The Bionic Woman titled "Fembots in Las Vegas",[73][74][75] and a 1978 episode of Charlie's Angels titled "Angels in Vegas".[76] The Dunes sign is used in the intro of the television series Vega$, and the resort is seen in the pilot episode of the 1980s television series Knight Rider, titled "Knight of the Phoenix". It also appears in the season-two premiere episode "Goliath".

The Dunes made film appearances as well, including the 1971 James Bond movie Diamonds Are Forever, in which it serves as the office of Whyte House casino manager Bert Saxby.[77] The Dunes sign also makes an appearance in the film,[78] and a deleted scene, available on home media releases, takes place in the Dome of the Sea restaurant.[77]

In the 1984 film Oxford Blues, the main character (portrayed by Rob Lowe) works as a parking attendant at the Dunes.[79] The sign and hotel also appear in the 1984 film Cannonball Run II, and are seen in the closing credits of the 1989 film K-9. The sign also appears in the 1991 comedy Hot Shots!, when the pilot nicknamed "Wash Out" mistakes a runway and lands near the hotel. The 1991 film Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man includes footage of the casino and hotel, including its rooftop.[78]

The hotel's 1993 implosion was filmed for Treasure Island: The Adventure Begins, a television special promoting Wynn's Treasure Island resort.[80][81] The implosion is also among other Las Vegas resort demolitions featured during the closing credits of the 2003 film The Cooler.[82]

The Dunes is shown across from the fictional Tangiers casino at the beginning of the 1995 film Casino, directed by Martin Scorsese. The Dunes is also seen during the Las Vegas sequence of Scorsese's 2019 film The Irishman.

See also

References

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External links

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