Meyer Lansky

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Meyer Lansky, 1958

Meyer Lansky (actually Polish Mejer Suchowlański and Russian Мейер Суховлянский / Mejer Suchowljanski ; born July 4, 1902 in Grodno ; † January 15, 1983 in Miami ) was a mobster and is now considered one of the most important figures of the so-called Kosher Nostra .

Lansky has often been referred to in the press as the “organized crime banker”. Among other gangsters , he carried the name of honor "Honest Meyer" (German "Ehrenwerter Meyer"), because he allegedly kept all agreements made and never betrayed another mobster. He is said to have been a financial genius and to have had an extraordinary memory . Lansky's premises have been repeatedly searched by the FBI and other agencies without any material that could have been used against him in court. It is believed that Lansky only kept the relevant data about his illegal involvement in his memory. He has been arrested and charged several times in the United States , but has never been found guilty. He died of cancer in a Miami hospital at the age of 80.

biography

Early years

Meyer Lansky was the son of Max and his wife Yetta Suchowlański who both came from humble beginnings, into a Jewish family in the Polish embossed Grodno , which in the West today Belarus born lies. He later used Meyer as a first name. This is a derivative of the Jewish nickname Meir , which literally means Bringer of Light .

In 1911 he reached the port of New York with his mother and younger brother Jacow on board the Kursk . His father had emigrated to the United States a few years earlier and worked in a textile factory in Brownsville , a borough of Brooklyn .

Meyer Lansky spent his youth in the area around Grand Street , on the Lower East Side , where his childhood friends also lived. These included - in addition to his brother, now called "Jake" - Meyer "Mike" Wassell , Samuel "Red" Levine , Irving "Tabbo" Sandler , Joseph "Doc" Stacher and especially Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel . Lansky and his friends earned money playing illegal craps games as young people , and later Lansky tried unsuccessfully as a pimp . Lansky also met Lucky Luciano and Frank Costello during his school and youth years .

Alcohol prohibition

During the Prohibition years in the United States , he became known as " Bugs and Meyer Mob " in alcohol smuggling and trading with Dutch Schultz and Bugsy Siegel from 1921 onwards . Together with their Italian friends they formed the “ Broadway Mob ”, which supplied high-quality whiskey to speakeasies and nightclubs in Manhattan .

Together with Bugsy Siegel, Lansky had founded a car rental company on Cannon Street , which also served to camouflage its own smuggling activities; in tow from Siegel, Moe Sedway joined the group via the car rental company. The alcohol was not only smuggled, but also stolen from other - actually allied partners - on occasion. In 1927, Lansky, Siegel and others attacked a Waxey Gordon convoy , shot three people and wounded others. Gordon was so upset that he wanted to attack Lansky at a meeting and Lucky Luciano had to intervene himself.

The dispute threatened to escalate, and soon there was talk of the “War of the Jews”. Arnold Rothstein was murdered in 1928 , which apparently encouraged distribution struggles and led to numerous assassinations against members of both sides. So in 1932 Gordon put the three Fabrazzo brothers on Bugsy Siegel; he survived and then personally killed one of the brothers.

Lansky and Luciano should find a non-violent way to end the conflict. In 1933 you gave Thomas E. Dewey , who had already targeted you, a tip. Gordon could hardly explain now how he financed his empire and why he had not paid taxes so far. He was therefore sentenced to ten years in prison that same year.

Lansky was also involved as a burglar and thug on the side of the entrepreneurs against striking trade unionists (at: "labor racketeering") . In the fourth “Labor Slugger War” in 1927, Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro got rid of their old boss Jacob Orgen because he refused to follow Lansky’s instructions. This laid a foundation for the killing organization later known as “ Murder, Inc. ”.

War of Castellammare

Police photo by Meyer Lansky

Lansky worked closely with Luciano and his friends, who, however , were obliged to Mustache Pete and Joe Masseria . The views between the old "Greaseballs" (German "Fettklätze"), as people like Masseria were also called, and the "Young Turks" (German " Young Turks ") like Luciano, diverged widely. The collaboration between Luciano and the non-Sicilian Costello, a man from Calabria , should have made Masseria suspicious. Cooperation with non-Italians, who soon established and expanded in the “ Seven Group ” in particular , was presumably even seen as a potential risk. In 1929, Luciano was kidnapped, beaten and stabbed by three armed men and barely survived.

Since clashes over the supremacy in New York between Salvatore Maranzano and Masseria had already indicated, it initially seemed as if Maranzano wanted to eliminate Luciano. However, Lansky informed Luciano that it was Masseria who was behind the murder. When the “ War of Castellammare ” began, Luciano held back for tactical reasons. It was then the members of the " Bugs and Meyer Mob " who cleared Maranzano out of the way for Luciano on September 10, 1931.

Return to gambling

After the end of alcohol prohibition , Lansky concentrated again on gambling and in 1936 expanded his activities nationwide to Florida and New Orleans ; the same year his old partner Luciano was arrested. These activities had never been abandoned; So until his murder, Dutch Schultz still controlled the Italian street lotteries.

Startled by Al Capone's 1931 conviction for tax evasion , Lansky realized that he was at risk and preferred to transfer his profits to a numbered account at a Swiss bank. (Later, according to Lucy Komisar , he is said to have bought a bank and laundered money through a network of financial transactions so that nothing could be proven to him.)

In 1935, after the Luxol factory in Elberfeld was closed and its smuggling ring in Vienna was smashed and the heroin supply stalled for several years, Lansky secured large deliveries from Shanghai , which were manufactured in the heroin refineries of the Triads and delivered to the USA via liaison men .

Second World War

Even before the beginning of World War II , Lansky had made a name for himself as an enemy of the National Socialists . When in the 1930s there were repeated Nazi events, especially those of the German-American Bund in New York City, which were mainly attended by Germans and Americans of German origin, the desire arose in the Jewish community to do something about it. The Jewish politician and judge Nathan David Perlman approached Lansky and asked him to disrupt federal events, against which there was no official handle. As a result, Lansky organized violent attacks by his Jewish henchmen at Nazi events. After several Nazis were seriously injured without any deaths, the number of Nazi events fell noticeably. Lansky himself said: “ We followed them up and beat them up. [...] We wanted to show them that Jews don't always hold back and just take the insults. "

Lansky's partner Luciano had been imprisoned in 1936, but exercised his power as head of the Genovese family and the National Crime Syndicate through Frank Costello , who took his seat on the " Commission " of the National Crime Syndicate for him . One of Luciano's goals had always been to get a sentence waiver, or at least some relief. With the entry of the USA into World War II at the end of 1941 and the activity of German submarines on the US coast from 1942, this opportunity arose. Apparently there was cooperation with the US Navy or its own secret service. Accordingly, after the first suspicions of sabotage in the course of the increasing success of the German submarines and after a tip from District Attorney Frank S. Hogan , Joseph "Socks" Lanza , the mobster ruling the Fulton Fish Market , approached. Its influence, however, was too small to overcome the resistance of the suspicious dockworkers in particular, and Lanza advised the military secret service of the Navy to turn to the influential Luciano , whose arm reached into the docks and the responsible union.

On April 11, 1942, breakfast was said to have taken place at Longchamps Restaurant on West 58th Street with Lansky, Moses Polakoff ( Luciano's attorney ), District Attorney Gurfein, and intelligence officer Carles Haffenden . Since Polakoff and Lansky considered the physical distance from Luciano's detention center to be too far to establish constant contact, they both proposed moving Luciano to Sing Sing , but this was rejected. Instead, Luciano was transferred from Dannemora to Meadow Prison in Comstock, New York, on May 12, 1942 , where the Navy Secret Service could hold discreet meetings with him. Thanks to this cooperation, various German spies could be picked up in the port areas. Lansky also used his network of helpers and informants to track down spies, but stayed out of the operations and merely established contact between the two sides. So observed u. a. his people Vincent Alo , Johnny "Cockeye" Dunn and Eddie McGrath used the piers or smuggled agents of the naval secret service into the workforce at the port.

After the World War, the US Navy officially denied any cooperation with Lansky, Luciano or any other criminal. An official investigation conducted in 1954 by New York State Coroner William B. Herlands concluded that "Salvatore Lucania" and other important exponents of the Mafia had been actively involved in US military activities during World War II.

Las Vegas and Cuba

Meyer Lansky 1958

Lansky was financially involved with other gangsters in the construction of the hotel and casino "The Flamingo" in Las Vegas , which was to be built by Bugsy Siegel. When the cost of the renovation increased sixfold and it became known that Siegel had transferred two million US dollars to Switzerland, his position became untenable.

After the end of the Second World War, Lansky also invested in hotels and casinos in Cuba . When Lansky began his activities in the Caribbean and on the west coast of the United States , Joseph "Doc" Stacher became the silent helper and partner in the background and acted as a kind of supervisor at the Sands and Fremont casinos .

Jack Dragna , the local boss of the American Cosa Nostra in California , was no friend of this mobster expansion under Meyer Lansky to Las Vegas. He sent his "enforcer" (on: "enforcer") Jimmy "The Weasel" Fratianno to assert his rights. Moe Sedway was physically attacked and the higher-ranking stacher was also physically attacked. The National Crime Syndicate had originally planned Las Vegas as an open city that was not assigned to any clan or group as territory. When Lansky approached Tommy Lucchese about it, there was initially no solution. Lansky did not seek the conflict, but offered Dragna a share in the flamingo, which Dragna refused.

After Luciano was released in 1946 on the condition to leave the United States and initially returned to Italy, he settled in Havana shortly afterwards in order to continue to exercise control over his "family" from Cuba. At the same time, he also invested on the island himself. Luciano had planned a conference of the National Crime Syndicate after his release. However, his freedom of movement was very restricted by official requirements, and it is said to have been Lansky who made Luciano aware of the ideal conference location Havana. From December 22nd, the one-week conference later known as the “ Havana Conference ” took place in the Hotel Nacional , which is considered to be the most influential gathering after the “ Atlantic City Conference ” of the mobsters of 1929, as it was an important course for the next few decades were asked. In particular, it was at this conference that the assassination of Bugsy Siegel, which took place on June 20, 1947, was decided. After that, Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway became owners of the Flamingo casino hotel in Las Vegas.

In 1947 Luciano had to leave Cuba because the US government did not tolerate his presence on the island and put pressure on the Cuban government by threatening to suspend drug deliveries until Luciano had left the country. Lansky stayed in Cuba. When Fulgencio Batista overthrew the existing government in Cuba on March 10, 1952 , he became its advisor, in particular to develop gambling into a successful source of income.

On August 25, 1955 Michael "Mike" McLaney , the official concessionaire of Fulgencio Batista, sold the Casino Internacional to Lansky and the 450-room Hotel Nacional Casino to Moe Dalitz and Sam Tucker . Lansky's brother Jacob "Jake" Lansky was the manager of the Nacional Hotel in Havana in 1959 , the "silent partner" of which was the dictator. With the victory of the revolution in 1959 under Fidel Castro , the political situation changed and the casinos and hotels in Cuba were nationalized. Although Lansky, Dalitz and Tucker had resold their shares in Carroll Rosenbloom in 1958, who in turn invested Mike McLaney in June 1958 , Lansky later repeatedly complained about the loss of his investments in Cuba.

Return to the USA

Lansky and his business partners returned to the United States and reorganized in Florida . John Pullmann - a close partner of Lansky since Prohibition - founded the Bank of World Commerce in the Bahamas in 1961 , which had a close business relationship with the Bank of Pelgrine , which in turn was used by Meyer Lansky.

Upon his return, Lansky came under the FBI's sights and was bugged. For example, in the spring of 1962, after he had checked into a small hotel from the Trafalgat Hospital after his heart problems had been treated , his room was equipped with a bug . If Lansky hired domestic staff, they were immediately approached by FBI agents; Lansky was under open surveillance and agents even discussed his morals with him.

In the 1960s, he had to give up his gambling activities in Nevada when Howard Hughes took over the casinos in Las Vegas . (Later in the 1970s, other bullies returned to Vegas, using straw men until about 1979 , when that too stopped working.) Lansky apparently used the Miami National Bank of his longtime business partner, Samuel Cohen, to conduct his operations in Nevada. Cohen pleaded guilty to conspiracy in a 1972 trial and received a one-year sentence.

Lansky is also said to have been involved in drug smuggling in the 1950s and 1960s . The reasons for this were, on the one hand, the high profits, on the other hand, Luciano had already started organizing an international heroin trade since his expulsion to Sicily in 1946 . Further investments are said to have again related to prostitution ; Lansky also invested in golf courses and hotels .

Another piece in the mosaic in Lansky's international financial ties was the relationship with Banque De Credit International in Geneva , which was founded by Tibor Rosenbaum in the 1950s and went bankrupt in 1976 - combined with a considerable loss of prestige for the Hessische Landesbank, which was last closely related to it . The diplomat and secret service man Rosenbaum originally financed arms purchases for Israel through the bank . For Lansky, who first met Rosenbaum in 1965, the bank also opened a connection to Israel.

Escape to Israel

The search pressure on Lansky continued to build; Lansky was arrested by police in March 1970 for drug possession and was released on bail of US $ 50,000. In the summer of 1970 he went to Israel with his second wife Thelma ("Teddy") and received a three-month visa at Lod Airport without further ado . Like his old friend and business partner Joseph Stacher , he wanted to claim the right of all Jews to settle in Israel and to become an Israeli citizen . Stacher had lived in Herzlia Pituach since 1965 , where Lansky moved into apartment 337 in the luxury hotel Accadia . He later had a few truckloads of furniture and effects moved from his villa in Miami to Israel. He had planned to settle in the Ramat Aviv suburb of Tel Aviv , in a house on Oppenheimer Strasse where the then Transport Minister Shimon Peres also lived.

A tough struggle for his stay began, which lasted 14 months, until the Israeli Interior Minister Josef Burg refused to extend his residence permit on September 29, 1972, on the eve of the Day of Atonement . The main reason for Burg's decision was a new US arrest warrant for illegal gambling. In Israel, it was felt that Lansky wanted to continue his illegal business activities from Israel, especially after well-known mobsters such as Benjamin Spiegelblum (or Ziegelbaum), Bernard Rosa and Jacob Markus showed up for business meetings in Tel Aviv. Rosa, Ziegelbaum and Markus were expelled from Israel on May 31, 1971.

Lansky hired a well-known lawyer, Yoram Alroy , to prevent his deportation . On September 3, 1971, he even gave an interview to Israeli television . Lansky pointed to his generous donations to Israel or Jewish institutions in the US and stated that he wanted to invest several million US dollars in the Israeli economy. Nevertheless, he failed and had to leave Israel on November 5, 1972. He traveled via Switzerland , Argentina , Brazil to Paraguay , where he was handed over to the FBI, which brought him back to the USA. A legislative initiative has been submitted in Israel to prevent criminals from using the Israeli return law in the future .

The last few years

Lansky's role as a mobster was known, but nothing could be proven. From 1973, in what was now the third trial in the USA, the last attempt was made to sue him in court. a. charged with tax evasion. On November 3, 1976, however, he was acquitted because the jury disagreed over the incriminating testimony of loan shark Vincent "Fat Vinnie" Teresa , whose credibility was in doubt because of his membership in the Patriarca family of Boston.

Lansky continued to behave cautiously after the trial. He only met with his confidants in public places or in shopping centers . Whenever he was out with his chauffeur , he was always on the lookout for new public payphones that he could use for his phone calls. The FBI therefore finally gave up the observation of Lansky in the late 1970s. The most important associates of Lansky during this time are Samuel Cohen and Alvin Ira Malnik .

On October 11, 1977, Lansky’s stepson Richard Schwartz was shot dead behind his restaurant in Bay Harbor Islands . The background was apparently a vain argument between him and Craig Teriaca on June 30, 1977 in the club "The Forge", which was run by Alvin Ira Malnik. Schwartz shot dead the 29-year-old son of mafioso Vincent Teriaca. Schwartz's murder is seen as an act of revenge for the death of Craig Teriaca.

Lansky spent his last years in Miami Beach . On November 15, 1982, he was diagnosed with lung cancer; Lansky had always been a heavy smoker . Parts of the lungs were removed to prevent metastasis , but the cancer jumped to the diaphragm and unreachable areas of the kidneys and spine . Lansky received radiation, which slowed the growth of the tumor, but lost his voice and appetite. He was given strong narcotics and spent his final days in a bed at Mount Sinai Hospital in Miami . Despite his weak condition, he resisted the treatment. He called out to his wife, who had been called to help: “ Let me go ” (“let me go”). He died on January 15, 1983. He was on the Mount Nebo Cemetery buried the west of Miami on the 5900 SW 77t Ave is located.

estate

Lansky left behind his wife Thelma "Teddy" Sheer Lansky (born Schwartz ; † 1997) and the three children Buddy, Paul and Sandra . He had been divorced from his first wife Anne in 1946. On paper, Lansky didn't own anything and his wife couldn't even pay the hospital bill, but at the time of his death the FBI suspected $ 300 million in hidden accounts. In September 1982 Forbes Magazine had listed Lansky among the 400 richest people in the United States.

According to biographer Robert Lacey , Lansky has been out of cash in his last 20 years, and his influence and income in gang circles are said to have been greatly exaggerated. In any case, none of the 300 million has been found to date.

As is typical for Kosher Nostra, Lansky has not built a successor; as such, however, is seen today Alvin Ira Malnik , who had worked for Lansky since the 1950s, including as a defense attorney, married a niece of Lansky and is said to have continued Lansky's activities. After Lansky's death in 1983, the Reader's Digest referred to Malnik as "heir apparent", the "obvious heir" of Lansky.

“Contrary to popular belief, I (Al Malnik) never worked for Meyer Lansky. I knew him, and he was a good friend who I spent a lot of time with, but I never represented him in legal matters. To me, Meyer was quite the grandfather type. If you knew him and talked to him, you could never imagine that any of the stories you heard about him had any veracity. You could never imagine that he was responsible for doing the things people said he did. He was not a person to give in to rage. "

“Contrary to what the public might believe, I (Al Malnik) never worked for Meyer Lansky. I knew him, he was a good friend who I spent a lot of time with but whom I never represented on his legal affairs. For me, Meyer was more of the grandfather type. If you knew him and had a conversation with him, you couldn't imagine that any of the stories you heard about him were true. You never imagined that he should have done the things people said he did. He wasn't a person who got angry. "

- Al Malnik

Personal

Lansky was a great reader, especially of historical works and biographies, and in later years also of philosophers. Constantly striving for further training, he employed his own mathematics teacher and used mental arithmetic to pass the time.

Adaptations

Movies and movie quotes

  • 1974: In The Godfather - Part II , parts of Meyer Lansky’s biography flow into the character of Hyman Roth . Roth says to Michael Corleone: "We are more powerful than US Steel ". This sentence goes back to the summary of a tape recording that the FBI made while monitoring his return to the USA.
  • 1981: Gangster Wars : Meyer Lansky appears in the NBC mini-series with the character of Michael Lasker. The original name was not used in this film either, as Lansky was still alive; The role was played by Brian Benben .
  • 1990: Meyer Lansky is portrayed by Mark Rydell in Sydney Pollack's film Havana .
  • 1991: Meyer Lansky was played by Ben Kingsley in Bugsy , a biographical feature film about Bugsy Siegel .
  • 1991: The real bosses - A diabolical empire (original title: Mobsters ) with Patrick Dempsey deals with the rise of Charles "Lucky" Luciano to the king of the New York underworld. Meyer Lansky was one of his allies.
  • 1999: Film adaptation of Meyer Lansky's Life in Meyer Lansky - American Roulette with Richard Dreyfuss , Illeana Douglas , Eric Roberts , Francis Guinan.
  • 2002: In Undisputed , the role of the fictional mafioso Mendy Ripstein refers to his work for Meyer Lansky.
  • 2005: The Lost City - Feature film with Dustin Hoffman as Meyer Lansky.
  • 2010–2014: Anatol Yusef plays the young Meyer Lansky in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire .
  • 2012: In the Mafia Network - The FBI's Secret Files : The Gambler: Meyer Lansky; First broadcast Germany ( ZDF ) 3 August 2013 (OT: Mafia's Greatest Hits: Meyer Lansky; first broadcast UK 3 August 2012)
  • 2013: Patrick Fischler made a guest appearance as Meyer Lansky in the TNT series Mob City .
  • 2015: The Making of the Mob: New York ; is an eight-part miniseries about numerous New York mobsters of the American Cosa Nostra and Kosher Nostra. Ian Bell plays Meyer Lansky here.
  • 2015: Legend : Angelo Bruno is sent to London on Meyer Lansky's instructions in the film to negotiate with the Kray twins.

bar

The “Meyer Lansky's” bar in the basement of the Hamburg finance authority is named after Meyer Lansky.

literature

  • Denis Eisenberg, Uri Dan, Eli Landau: The King of the Mafia . Moewig, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-8118-6611-7 .
(Original edition: Denis Eisenberg, Uri Dan, Eli Landau: Meyer Lansky - Mogul of the Mob.Playboy Enterprises. )
  • TJ English: Havana Nocturne. How the Mob Owned Cuba ... and Then Lost It to the Revolution . HarperCollins Publisher, 2008, ISBN 978-0-06-171274-6 .
  • Robert Lacey : Meyer Lansky. The gangster and his America . Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1992, ISBN 3-7857-0652-9 .
(Original title: Robert Lacey: Little man. Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life . Little, Brown and Company, Boston / Toronto / London 1991, ISBN 0-316-51163-3 . )
  • Hank Messick: Lansky . Robert Hale & Company, London 1973, ISBN 0-7091-3966-7 .
  • Robert A. Rockaway: Meyer Lansky, Bugsy Siegel & Co. Life stories of Jewish gangsters in the USA . Konkret-Literatur-Verlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-89458-170-0 .

Web links

Commons : Meyer Lansky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SS Kursk passenger list, arrival New York Apr 04, 1911
  2. ^ Robert Lacey: Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life. Boston: Litle Brown and Company 1991, p. 40.
  3. ↑ a b Robert A. Rockwell: But he was good to his mother. ISBN 965-229-249-4 , p. 115, p. 119f.
  4. ^ Offshore Banking: The Secret Threat to America, Dissent, Spring 2003.
  5. ↑ See Michael Feldberg, But They Were Good to Their People , in: myjewishlearning.com (originally: American Jewish Historical Society), last accessed on February 6, 2018. The original quote is: “We chased them and beat them up [...] We wanted to show them that Jews would not always sit back and accept insults. "
  6. ↑ Alexander Cockburn, Jeffrey St. Clair: Whiteout: the CIA, drugs, and the press , Verso December 2, 1999, ISBN 1-85984-258-5 .
  7. ^ Charles Lucky Luciano ( Memento December 16, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) on gangstersinc.tripod.com
  8. ↑ "The American Mafia: Chronology - Section IV 1932-1949" ( Memento of April 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on onewal.com (English)
  9. ↑ InStoria, Il contributo mafioso alla Vittoria Alleata in Sicilia
  10. ↑ AmericanMafia.com - Muscling In by John William Tuohy on americanmafia.com (English)
  11. ↑ Tom J. Farer: Transnational Crime in the Americas. Routledge Chapman & Hall, ISBN 978-0-415-92300-2 , p. 67.
  12. ^ Robert Lacey: Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life . Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1991, pp. 385f.
  13. ^ Robert Lacey: Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life . Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1991, pp. 480f.
  14. ↑ Suction cup abroad DER SPIEGEL 40/1976.
  15. ^ Robert Lacey: Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life . Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1991, pp. 388,509.
  16. ↑ a b c d Die Bug: Israeli wants to become a “financial genius of the US underworld” . In: Der Spiegel . No. 42 , 1971, p. 161 ( online ).
  17. ^ Israel Reject 3 US Men. In: St. Petersburg Times. June 6, 1971 on news.google.com (English)
  18. ↑ Meyer Lansky Interview 1971 on YouTube
  19. ↑ Jon Roberts, Evan Wright: American Desperado: My Life, From Mafia Soldier to Cocaine Cowboy to Secret. Broadway Books, 2012, ISBN 978-0-307-45043-2 online (English)
  20. ↑ Steven Gains: Fool's Paradise: Players, Poseurs, and the Culture of Excess in South Beach. Crown, 2009, ISBN 978-0-307-34627-8 .
  21. ^ The Miami News. of 12 October 1977. Lansky's Stepson shot to death (English)
  22. ↑ Boca Raton News of October 13, 1977 Revenge thought murder motive (English)
  23. ↑ Meyer Lansky on morbid-curiosity.com (English)
  24. ^ Thelma Schwartz in the Find a Grave database . Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  25. ↑ Bring me this son of a bitch . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1992, pp. 184-189 ( online ).
  26. ↑ Pray for Mars. The US business magazine "Forbes" has compiled a list of the 400 richest Americans . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1982 ( online ).
  27. ^ Robert Lacey: Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life . Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1991, p. 558.
  28. ↑ Al Malnik: Miami Beach Memories ( Memento from August 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at www.alvinmalnikmemories.com (English)
  29. ^ Robert Lacey: Meyer Lansky. The gangster and his America . Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1992, ISBN 3-7857-0652-9 , p. 7
  30. ↑ MEYER LANSKY'S http://meyer-lanskys.com/
personal data
SURNAME Lansky, Meyer
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Suchowliński, Majer; Суховлянский, Мейер; Sukhovlyansky, Mejer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American mobster
DATE OF BIRTH 4th July 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Grodno , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1983
Place of death Miami , United States