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=== China ===
=== China ===
Hóngdòu fàn (红豆饭) is a traditional Chinese dish found in some regions of [[China]]. It is particularly common in [[Jiangsu|Jiangsu province]] and eaten during the [[Winter Clothes Day]]. A legend from the Dafeng area of ​​[[Yancheng]], Jiangsu says that people eat a bowl of [[glutinous rice]] mixed with [[Red beans and rice|red beans]] on the Winter Clothes Day in Jiangsu to commemorate a shepherd boy who was slain by a [[landlord]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-25|title=吃紅豆飯的習俗怎麼來的|url=https://kknews.cc/history/alveezj.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AG">《图解民俗大全-精编美绘版》(2012-5-1).“关心先人的送寒衣”( P230---P231)[http://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000008316611&d=ADA167B1A8BA0D42B1B839893E59C631&fenlei=111103&sw=%E3%80%8A%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8-%E7%B2%BE%E7%BC%96%E7%BE%8E%E7%BB%98%E7%89%88.] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016</ref> It is said that a long time ago, an adorable shepherd boy was born into a poor family. His parents could not support him, so he made a living by shepherding for a landlord.<ref name="AC">《节气时令吃什么》(2013-11-01).“十月初一——寒衣”( P187)[http://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000012776910&d=74879555AA0A99844B47C39A369AFF89&fenlei=1605050401&sw=%E3%80%8A%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A4%E5%90%83%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E3%80%8B.] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016</ref> One day, his carelessness in tending to the sheep resulted in those sheep falling into a valley and dying. After hearing the news, the landlord was extremely angry. Consequently, he beat and scolded the shepherd boy. The shepherd boy begged for the landlord to stop the relentless beating but he did not.<ref name="AC" /> When the shepherd boy believed that he would die from the beatings, he fought against the landlord, but the landlord picked up a knife next to him and killed the boy. The blood of the shepherd boy strained the glutinous rice on the ground red. Coincidentally, that day was the 1st of October.<ref name="AC" />
Hóngdòu fàn (红豆饭) is a traditional Chinese dish found in some regions of [[China]]. It is particularly common in [[Jiangsu|Jiangsu province]] and eaten during the [[Winter Clothes Day]]. A legend from the Dafeng area of [[Yancheng]], Jiangsu says that people eat a bowl of [[glutinous rice]] mixed with [[Red beans and rice|red beans]] on the Winter Clothes Day in Jiangsu to commemorate a shepherd boy who was slain by a [[landlord]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-25|title=吃紅豆飯的習俗怎麼來的|url=https://kknews.cc/history/alveezj.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AG">《图解民俗大全-精编美绘版》(2012-5-1).“关心先人的送寒衣”( P230---P231)[http://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000008316611&d=ADA167B1A8BA0D42B1B839893E59C631&fenlei=111103&sw=%E3%80%8A%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8-%E7%B2%BE%E7%BC%96%E7%BE%8E%E7%BB%98%E7%89%88.] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016</ref> It is said that a long time ago, an adorable shepherd boy was born into a poor family. His parents could not support him, so he made a living by shepherding for a landlord.<ref name="AC">《节气时令吃什么》(2013-11-01).“十月初一——寒衣”( P187)[http://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000012776910&d=74879555AA0A99844B47C39A369AFF89&fenlei=1605050401&sw=%E3%80%8A%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A4%E5%90%83%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E3%80%8B.] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016</ref> One day, his carelessness in tending to the sheep resulted in those sheep falling into a valley and dying. After hearing the news, the landlord was extremely angry. Consequently, he beat and scolded the shepherd boy. The shepherd boy begged for the landlord to stop the relentless beating but he did not.<ref name="AC" /> When the shepherd boy believed that he would die from the beatings, he fought against the landlord, but the landlord picked up a knife next to him and killed the boy. The blood of the shepherd boy strained the glutinous rice on the ground red. Coincidentally, that day was the 1st of October.<ref name="AC" />


In 2015, red bean rice was served to Indian president, [[Narendra Modi]] at a state banquet with Chinese president, [[Xi Jinping]] in [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi|Shaanxi province]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=莫迪在西安感受善意获赠“用东方智慧浇灌友谊”--国际--人民网|url=http://world.people.com.cn/n/2015/0515/c1002-27004981.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-21|website=world.people.com.cn}}</ref>
In 2015, red bean rice was served to Indian president, [[Narendra Modi]] at a state banquet with Chinese president, [[Xi Jinping]] in [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi|Shaanxi province]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=莫迪在西安感受善意获赠“用东方智慧浇灌友谊”--国际--人民网|url=http://world.people.com.cn/n/2015/0515/c1002-27004981.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-21|website=world.people.com.cn}}</ref>

Revision as of 23:10, 3 October 2021

Not to be confused with Red beans and rice.
Red bean rice
Region or stateEast Asia
Associated cuisineChinese
Japanese
Korean
Main ingredientsRice, adzuki beans
Similar dishesKongbap

Red bean rice, called patbap (팥밥) in Korean, sekihan (赤飯) in Japanese, and hóngdòu fàn (红豆饭) in Chinese, is an East Asian rice dish consisting of rice cooked with red beans.

Regional varieties

Japan

Sekihan

Sekihan (赤飯, lit. 'red rice', rice boiled together with red beans[1]) is a Japanese traditional dish. It is sticky rice steamed with adzuki beans, which give a reddish color to the rice, hence its name.[2]

The rice of ancient times of Japan was red. Therefore, red rice was used in the ancient divine work [ja]. Red rice has a strong taste of tannin, and its cultivation has been almost completely abandoned[citation needed]. The present sekihan is colored red using adzuki.

Sekihan is often served on special occasions throughout the year in Japan, for example, birthdays, weddings and some holidays, such as Shichi-Go-San.[2] In some places it is customarily made when a young woman reaches menarche, although this is less common now than it was in the past.[3]

Sekihan is so strongly connected with celebrations that the phrase "Let's have sekihan" has acquired the meaning "Let's celebrate."[citation needed] It is believed that sekihan is used for celebrations because of its red color, symbolic of happiness in Japan.

It is usually eaten immediately after cooking but it may also be eaten at room temperature, as in a celebratory bento (boxed lunch). Sekihan is traditionally eaten with gomashio (a mixture of lightly toasted sesame and salt).

There are also regional varieties of sekihan. Some versions call for sugar instead of salt to give a sweet flavor. Others use amanattō (sweetened bean confectionery) instead of adzuki. Many people also use sasage(ササゲ, black cowpea beans) instead of adzuki bean.[4]

Korea

Patbap

Patbap (팥밥, [pʰat̚.p͈ap̚], lit. 'red bean rice') is a bap (cooked grain dish) made with non-glutinous white short-grain rice and adzuki beans.[5] Patbap is a traditional recipe of Pyongan Province in North Korea, where adzuki beans are grown in abundance.[5] In Korean culture, it is usually eaten in the winter months, but it is also prepared for holidays and birthdays.[6] For that reason it is sometimes referred to as "birthday rice."[7]

Patbap is typically made in the same way as making huinbap (cooked white rice), with the additional step of mixing cooked whole adzuki beans with soaked white rice before boiling.[5] Fresh, undried beans can be used without boiling in advance.[8] Four parts rice and one part adzuki beans may be used, but the amount of adzuki beans can be adjusted to taste.[6][8] In some regions, uncooked red or black adzuki beans are husked and ground before being mixed with soaked rice.[5] In Korean royal court cuisine, rice was cooked in the water where adzuki beans were boiled.[5]

  • Patbap (팥밥) – Adzuki beans are boiled with 6‒7 parts water until cooked but intact.[8] They are then mixed with soaked rice, and boiled again in water.[8] Usually, plain water mixed with the water in which the beans were boiled is used.[8]
  • Budungpat-bap (부둥팥밥) – Budung-pat means fresh (rather than dried) beans.[8] Ripe fresh adzuki beans are mixed with soaked rice and boiled.[8] Less water is used than with dried beans as the fresh beans contain moisture.[8]
  • Geopipat-bap (거피팥밥) – Geopi-pat means husked beans.[8] Red or black adzuki beans are husked, ground using a millstone, and mixed with soaked rice.[8] Husked adzuki beans are an ivory white color.
  • Jungdung-bap (중둥밥) – Whole adzuki beans are boiled in water and sieved, so that the water can be used to make reddish rice.[9] The sieved red beans can be sweetened and used in desserts.[9] If barley is also mixed in, the dish is called pat-bori-bap (팥보리밥; "adzuki bean and barley rice").[10] In Gangwon Province, a dish made with corn kernels (in place of rice) and adzuki beans is called oksusu-pat-bap (옥수수팥밥; "corn and adzuki bean rice").[11]

China

Hóngdòu fàn (红豆饭) is a traditional Chinese dish found in some regions of China. It is particularly common in Jiangsu province and eaten during the Winter Clothes Day. A legend from the Dafeng area of Yancheng, Jiangsu says that people eat a bowl of glutinous rice mixed with red beans on the Winter Clothes Day in Jiangsu to commemorate a shepherd boy who was slain by a landlord.[12][13] It is said that a long time ago, an adorable shepherd boy was born into a poor family. His parents could not support him, so he made a living by shepherding for a landlord.[14] One day, his carelessness in tending to the sheep resulted in those sheep falling into a valley and dying. After hearing the news, the landlord was extremely angry. Consequently, he beat and scolded the shepherd boy. The shepherd boy begged for the landlord to stop the relentless beating but he did not.[14] When the shepherd boy believed that he would die from the beatings, he fought against the landlord, but the landlord picked up a knife next to him and killed the boy. The blood of the shepherd boy strained the glutinous rice on the ground red. Coincidentally, that day was the 1st of October.[14]

In 2015, red bean rice was served to Indian president, Narendra Modi at a state banquet with Chinese president, Xi Jinping in Xi'an, Shaanxi province.[15]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
  2. ^ a b Tsuji, Shizuo; Fisher, M.F.K. (2007). Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art (25 ed.). Kodansha International. pp. 280–81. ISBN 978-4-7700-3049-8.
  3. ^ Lebra, Takie Sugiyama (1985). Japanese Women: Constraint and Fulfillment. University of Hawaii Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-82481025-2. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Bring Yourself Good Luck With Sekihan, a Traditional and Auspicious Japanese Dish!". Japan Info. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  5. ^ a b c d e 강, 인희. "Patbap" 팥밥. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b "P'atpap" 팥밥. Chosŏn ryori (in Korean (North Korea)). Korean Association of Cooks. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  7. ^ "팥밥 만드는 법, 생일밥하면 팥찰밥!". 씽씽 라이프 (in Korean). 2013-03-02. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Patbap" 팥밥. Doopedia (in Korean). Doosan Corporation. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  9. ^ a b 강, 인희. "Jungdung-bap" 중둥밥. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  10. ^ "Pat-bori-bap" 팥보리밥. Doopedia (in Korean). Doosan Corporation. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  11. ^ "Oksusu-pat-bap" 옥수수팥밥. Doopedia (in Korean). Doosan Corporation. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  12. ^ "吃紅豆飯的習俗怎麼來的". 2017-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ 《图解民俗大全-精编美绘版》(2012-5-1).“关心先人的送寒衣”( P230---P231)[1] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016
  14. ^ a b c 《节气时令吃什么》(2013-11-01).“十月初一——寒衣”( P187)[2] Accessed 20 Dec. 2016
  15. ^ "莫迪在西安感受善意获赠"用东方智慧浇灌友谊"--国际--人民网". world.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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