220 kV line Ludersheim – Aschaffenburg – Borken
The 220 kV line Ludersheim – Aschaffenburg – Borken was originally a three-phase high- voltage overhead line between the Ludersheim substation near Nuremberg , the Aschaffenburg substation and the substation at the Hessian Borken power station south of Kassel . It was created in the course of the developing division of Germany after the Second World War , when sections of the Reichsammelschiene were interrupted by the Soviet occupying forces, which necessitated a new connection to Bavaria to maintain the transmission network .
In the early 1990s, the section between Aschaffenburg and Borken was almost completely dismantled. The masts for a 110 kV line from Borken to Lauterbach are only still used in the northernmost part .
history
Situation before the Second World War
As early as the 1920s, the RWE north-south line was the first commercially operated 220 kV line in Germany. It was the backbone of a network system between the coal-fired power plants in the Rhineland and the hydropower plants in the Alps and the southern Black Forest , which was unique in the world at the time . Starting from the substations of this line, a large-scale transmission network was created in the south and west of Germany under the leadership of RWE. Plans for a pan-German and later pan-European network were already being made at this time, for example by Oskar von Miller .
In the course of this network expansion, PreussenElektra also entered the supra-regional network with its own 220 kV network - it built its own line between the Waldeck pumped storage power plant on the Hessian Edersee , the Borken power plant and the Lehrte substation east of Hanover . In the course of several network expansions, this system was to develop into the main switchboard of PreussenElektra, similar to the main control center in Brauweiler of the RWE. The first connection between the transmission network of RWE and that of PreussenElektra was established in the mid-1930s between the Osnabrück - Lüstringen and Lahde near Petershagen substations . Another ambition was, in addition to a second connection to the RWE network between Borken and the Kelsterbach substation near Frankfurt , to open up the central German lignite mining areas around Leipzig . The first expansion stage of the pipeline required for this was put into operation in 1935 between Lehrte and the Harbke power station .
From 1937, under Reich Minister of Economics Walther Funk , a high-voltage line was planned for the electrical works , which was to connect Bavaria with power stations in the Central German district. An extension from Nuremberg via Linz and Vienna to the Upper Silesian industrial area was later planned. From 1940 to 1941 the line called the Reichssammelschiene from Harbke via Magdeburg , Marke , Dieskau , Remptendorf , Ludersheim and St. Peter to Ernsthofen in Lower Austria went into operation. It linked the coal-fired power plants in Central Germany with industrial plants in Bavaria and Austria, which the National Socialists considered important for war production - such as aluminum and steel plants. In addition, there was a 220 kV connection to the Bayernwerk network .
Separation of the networks
With the Allied occupation after the end of World War II, the Soviet military administration in Germany took control of parts of the country. In April 1946, as part of reparation payments , it initiated the dismantling of the Reichssammelschiene line 298 from Remptendorf to Ludersheim to what would later become the Würgau substation. The power grid of the Soviet occupation zone was finally separated in 1952 with West Berlin , and in 1954 with that of the rest of the Federal Republic. With the separation of the Lehrte – Harkbe line at the zone border, two separate 220 kV networks were created in the western and eastern parts of Germany, as well as a line from Würgau via Ludersheim to Austria that was not connected to the rest of the 220 kV network. This was still owned by the electrical works until 1988.
As a result of the separation from the Central German mining area and the dismantling of some power plants by the Soviet Union, Bayernwerk lost its most important energy suppliers. Although Bayernwerk's own power plants remained largely undamaged, it was initially not possible to completely rebuild the pipeline network due to a lack of material. In addition, the American military occupation initially forbade the construction of new power plants, so that only the expansion of existing power plant locations came into question. A building from this time is, for example, the Rißbach transition to the Walchensee power plant.
Construction of a new line connection
As early as 1946, a year after the end of the war, the first plans were made to connect the 220 kV systems of the electrical works in Bavaria and the network in West Germany. Bayernwerk decided to build a 220 kV line from the Ludersheim substation to Aschaffenburg and from there to the PreussenElektra 220 kV network at the Borken power plant .
After the Allied restrictions were lifted in 1947, the construction of new power plants could begin. A decisive factor for the new building was also the awareness of the exhausted supplies in the Upper Palatinate lignite district . In a report by the regional load distributor for Bavaria , which Leonhard Wolf , CEO of Bayernwerk had printed on March 15, 1950, the immediate start of construction of the steam power plant at the port of Aschaffenburg and a new construction of the 220 kV line Aschaffenburg – Borken to the Preussische Elektrizitäts-AG as intended actions listed.
The Ludersheim – Aschaffenburg line was built by 1949 and put into operation on December 7, 1949 with two circuits on Danube masts . For the first time, 350 mm² conductor cables with a steel core (111 mm²) and aluminum sheath were used, which were designed as single conductors. The further line section between Aschaffenburg and Borken was built and operated on the Bavarian side by Bayernwerk and on the Hessian side by PreussenElektra.
Also in 1949, Bayernwerk signed a contract with RWE to exchange electricity between the two companies. Another two-circuit 220 kV line went into operation between Aschaffenburg and Kelsterbach until 1950. On the Bavarian side she uses Danube masts , on Hessian fir tree masts .
The Aschaffenburg coal-fired power plant finally went into operation in 1951. In addition to Bayernwerk, the shareholders were PreussenElektra and Deutsche Bundesbahn .
With the overall completion of the line, a connection to the lines of the neighboring network operators was established at three network nodes:
- in Ludersheim to the remaining section of the electrical works Reichsammelschiene
- via a branch line from the Aschaffenburg substation to the RWE network at the Kelsterbach substation
- at the Borken power station to the 220 kV Lehrte – Borken line of PreußenElektra
Later on, 220 kV substations were built in Raitersaich , Trennfeld , Großkrotzenburg and Lauterbach along the line .
course
Line substations |
Ludersheim – Aschaffenburg
Coming from Ludersheim, the line runs first in a westerly and then in a northwesterly direction, bypassing the city of Nuremberg to the south. Then it crosses the Bavarian administrative districts of Middle Franconia (where the Raitersaich substation is located) and Lower Franconia, southwest of Würzburg. They crossed the river and binds close to the A3 preferred substation separation field. Then it runs over the heights of the Spessart , crosses the Main again at Großwallstadt and turns north. The replacement of the line between Ludersheim and Raitersaich is part of the planned Jura line .
Aschaffenburg – Borken
The now no longer existing section to Borken ran beyond the state border with Hesse in a northerly direction, then in a north-easterly direction west of Gelnhausen past Gelnhausen to the heights of the Vogelsberg . There it led north again, before the original route was restored to the northwest of Lauterbach , where there was a branch line.
The second remaining section runs as a 110 kV line from the Lauterbach substation to the Borken substation. Coming from Lauterbach, it bends into the route to the north at Heblos . South of Rainrod (Schwalmtal) a two-circuit line branches off to the Alsfeld substation . The line crosses the A 5 at the Berfa service area . Behind it, a single-circuit line branches off to the Ottrau substation . It then runs in a north-westerly direction to the Borken substation.
Aschaffenburg – Kelsterbach
In order to be able to set up a connection between the Bavarian 220 kV network and that of the RWE , a line was built from the Aschaffenburg substation to the Kelsterbach substation of the north-south line . On the Bavarian-Hessian border west of Stockstadt , the mast type changed from Danube to fir tree mast . The section built and operated by RWE from there on was completed in 1950.
North of Babenhausen , it met the 220 kV Kelsterbach– Schönbrunn line near Eppertshausen . At Urberach the two lines ran together with the 110 kV Kelsterbach – Darmstadt - Dettingen line of HEAG in a parallel westward direction and at Mörfelden together with the north-south line ran north-west to the Kelsterbach substation .
business
Originally the line was connected to the 220 kV system in the Aschaffenburg substation, but since it was replaced by a 380 kV system connected to the Großkrotzenburg – Grafenrheinfeld line, the 220 kV line has passed it, crossed shortly afterwards the Main for a third time and continues north to the Bavarian-Hessian border, where the remaining part of the line ends. The 220 kV circuits bend in a westerly direction near Albstadt to a four-circuit line that runs parallel to the four-circuit 380 kV line from Grafenrheinfeld and Dipperz, and end at the transformer station of the Staudinger power plant in Großkrotzenburg .
The line between Trennfeld and Großkrotzenburg is still in operation today with two 220 kV circuits. From Ludersheim to Raitersaich and from Raitersaich to Trennfeld, two systems are still installed on the masts, but only occupied by one circuit.
Today the line is operated in the Ludersheim – Großkrotzenburg section by TenneT TSO and in the Lauterbach – Borken section by Avacon . The plan is to expand between Raitersaich and Ludersheim to 380 kV with the continuation of the existing Reichsammelschiene as far as Altheim .
Even the line to Kelsterbach no longer exists in its entire length. Some time after it was commissioned, the Urberach substation with 380, 220 and 110 kV switchgear was built on the route. The line between Urberach and Aschaffenburg was no longer needed and was dismantled. The masts are only still standing between Babenhausen and Stockstadt and carry a single-circuit 110 kV line. The original masts still stand between Kelsterbach and Urberach today and are used by a single-circuit 220 kV line. The second 220 kV circuit runs over the adjacent line (see picture).
Unlike the existing lines, the new line was laid in an arch to the west around the airport when it was built, using low single-level masts . When the northern line was extended in 1956, the other lines also had to be relocated, with the prepared route space being used parallel to the new line. The lines were laid a second time with the commissioning of the West Runway in 1984 to the south.
With the construction and commissioning of the new north-west runway, the entire Kelsterbach substation was dismantled from 2007 to 2009 and rebuilt slightly offset, and all incoming lines were underground-cabled due to the location directly in the area of the runway. The 220 kV circuits no longer lead into the substation, as it only has the voltage levels 380 kV and 110 kV today. Instead, they end a few kilometers further in the Farbwerke Höchst Süd substation. Even today, the original course of the lines in the forest can be guessed at from the aisles.
Dismantling
The 220 kV circuits between Großkrotzenburg and Borken were dismantled in the early 1990s, as a 380 kV line from the Staudinger power plant to Dipperz was built to replace it. This line, completed in 1996, runs between Albstadt and Birstein for the most part in the same route as the dismantled line. From the Dipperz substation there is a 380 kV connection to Borken via Mecklar.
South of Lauterbach, near Ober-Moos , two masts were left standing when the line was dismantled at 50 ° 27'1 "N 9 ° 20'35" E and at 50 ° 27'59 "N 9 ° 20'56" E, because the settlement of ospreys was planned there by the NABU Hessen. However, the masts were never actually adopted by them.
Individual evidence
- ↑ encyclopedia.com: Bayernwerk AG. Retrieved June 21, 2017 .
- ↑ Thomas Schlemmer, Hans Woller: Bayern im Bund, Volume 1: The development of the state 1949 to 1973 . R. Oldenbourg Verlag Munich 2001, p. 46
- ↑ Karl Girkmann, Erwin Königshofer: The high voltage overhead lines . Springer-Verlag, Vienna 1952, p. 55
- ^ German digital library: Bayernwerk AG Munich: 220 kV line Ludersheim - Aschaffenburg - state border (Borken). Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
- ↑ Overhead lines in the extended Dreieich area. Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
- ↑ Citizens' Dialogue Electricity Network : Raitersaich-Altheim. Retrieved December 5, 2016 .
- ↑ Chronicle of Frankfurt am Main Airport: From the estate of Traffic Director Rudolf Lange of Flughafen Frankfurt AG, page 167. Retrieved on April 2, 2017 .