Albert Reich (painter)

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Elisabeth and Albert Reich (1912)
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Albert Reich (born January 14, 1881 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz , † April 12, 1942 in Munich ) was a German painter , graphic artist , draftsman and illustrator .

Life

Albert Reich, the son of a shoemaker, completed his training as a decorative painter at the Nuremberg School of Applied Arts from 1898 . For 1901/1902 he received a grant from the Maximiliansstiftung in the amount of 360 marks . He then matriculated on October 30, 1902 at the Kgl. Academy of Fine Arts in Munich . There were Johann Caspar Herterich , Henry of reins and Peter Halm his teachers.

Via Von Herterich he got in contact with Kallmünz in his Upper Palatinate home. From 1907 until his death he worked as an illustrator for the local magazine Die Oberpfalz, published by Kallmünzer Laßleben Verlag . In 1911 he took over the open-air school of Melchior core , which he held until the beginning of World War I led. His earlier pictures depicted rural life. On May 31, 1912, he married his painting student Elisabeth "Lisbeth" Anna Karla Martha, née Sellschopp, in Scharbow (∗ July 24, 1884 in Lexow , † January 9, 1958 in Munich). The marriage resulted in four daughters. Lisbeth Reich also worked on some of his books.

  • The Brey Garden in Kallmünz (watercolor; 1912)

  • Farmer's wife in the garden in Kallmünz (drawing)

  • Ship tug on the Vils near Kallmünz (drawing)

  • Wine press in the Palatinate (painting reproduction from 1924)

First World War and post-war years

During the war, as a war painter for the German Alpine Corps , Reich illustrated his war diaries , which depict the war effort in a romanticizing and heroic manner. Together with Theodor Strasser, he designed a war memorial for the First World War in 1920 for the parish church of the Sacrifice of Mary in Duggendorf , and in 1922/23 he designed another war memorial for the Kallmünzer market square . At the same place was until 1912 the Mesnerhaus . He painted the ceiling without financial compensation. The structural implementation of the design was carried out by Georg Hauser (1892–1968) from Kallmünz.

time of the nationalsocialism

Reich was a National Socialist from the very beginning. With his friend Dietrich Eckart , he made cover designs for the first edition of Adolf Hitler's political and ideological program publication Mein Kampf . In 1930 he founded an NSDAP local group in the Harlaching district of Munich and then devoted himself artistically to the Nazi movement. At the latest since Hitler came to power in 1933, the militaristic-propagandistic goals can be seen in his pictures. In the Völkischer Beobachter , Reich, who was also friends with Christian Weber , was mentioned as "probably [...] the first visual artist [who] became a propagandist of the rising National Socialism with pencil and brush". As part of the elaborate staging of the 125th Munich Oktoberfest anniversary in 1935 with a large anniversary parade under the motto "Proud city - happy country", Reich was commissioned by the district management to design the program and the artistic direction . He was also entrusted with the artistic direction of the International Racing Weeks for the Brown Ribbon of Germany at the Riem racecourse with a supporting program. In this role he designed, among other things, the anniversary parade on July 25, 1936 at the event "500 Years of German Horse Racing in Munich". He was represented several times with pictures at the Great German Art Exhibition in the House of German Art .

  • Iron Front Celebration (1931)

  • Cover design for Mein Kampf

  • The Living Front (1931)

  • Big Air Day Munich August 25, 1935 (poster)

death

Gravestone in the forest cemetery

When Albert Reich died unexpectedly in April 1942 at the age of 61, Adolf Hitler not only had a wreath sent to the burial, but also appointed the painter posthumously as a professor. In an obituary, the Völkischer Beobachter wrote only cryptically that Reich had “succumbed to an insidious suffering”. Reich was buried in the war cemetery near the forest cemetery (row 63; grave 24) in Munich- Hadern .

Honors and criticism

In March 1942 the Rosenberg Office applied for Albert Reich to be appointed professor; he had been active as a painter, SA man and political fighter for the movement since 1921. Shortly after his death in 1942, Adolf Hitler awarded him the title of professor in recognition of his work .

Shortly after the turn of the millennium, Reich's importance for his hometown was increasingly criticized because of his Nazi art. A street named after him in the 1950s in the Wolfstein district of his native Neumarkt was renamed in 2011 after several years of discussion. In November 2010, the Building Senate unanimously approved an application by the Free List Future (FLitZ) for renaming. An additional plaque had already been placed under the street sign, on which it was mentioned that Reich had been a "fateful promoter of National Socialism". In addition to Reich, the Protestant theologian of the same name was also the eponym.

The street was named in 2011 after the kiosk operator and co-founder of the Neumarkt SPD local association Josef Geiß, who was deported to the Dachau concentration camp in 1933 together with other social democrats . Geiß moved out of the city in 1937.

Illustrated books and illustrations

Reich published several illustrated books and illustrated several articles in newspaper articles and propaganda brochures in addition to books. He designed posters and postcard motifs. In 1934 Erdal published a picture scrapbook entitled World War 1914/18 with pictures of Reich.

Own publications

  • With my corps through Serbia: A war days and sketchbook. R. Oldenbourg Verlag , Munich and Berlin 1916.
  • Verdun: A War Sketchbook. Lucas-Verlag, Munich 1916. (Foreword: Franz Carl Endres )
  • Through Transylvania and Romania: A memorial for (“Gruppe Krafft ” and) Romanian combatants. Lucas-Verlag, Munich 1917.
  • Our German Alpine Corps in Tyrol: A memorial. Publishing house Jos. C. Huber , Dießen am Ammersee 1917.
  • Against Italy with the German Alpine Corps: A memorial. Self-published, Munich 1918. (Text by Karl Reich)
  • Against Italy with the 14th Army: A memorial. Self-published, Munich 1918. (Text by Karl Reich)
  • The German Alpine Corps in the west and march back in Serbia: A memorial for those involved in the war (in the field with the Alpine Corps) with 130 pictures Bavarian War Archives , Munich 1926.
  • From Adolf Hitler's homeland. Eher-Verlag , Munich 1933. (Foreword by Oscar Robert Achenbach and with photos by Lisbeth Reich)
  • Dietrich Eckart , a German poet and the pioneer of the Völkisch movement. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1933. (with new additions by Lisbeth Reich)
  • From November 9, 1918 to November 9, 1923: The emergence of the German freedom movement. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1933. (Text by Oscar Robert Achenbach)
  • Of the German kind and German deed: The book d. Hitler Youth by Albert Reich. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1934 (first edition). (Text: Joseph Berchtold )
  • French Flanders and Artois. A war memorial work 1940–41. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1942. (Also contains engravings by Adam Frans van der Meulen et al.)

Book illustrations

  • Friedrich Thieme : The Christmas box and other humoresques. Habbel- Verlag, Regensburg 1911. (also with illustration by Elisabeth Sellschopp)
  • Franz Drexl : The Wars of Liberation: 1813–1815 / Told to the German people. Habbel-Verlag, Regensburg 1913 (first edition).
  • Josef Schuberth: Sing! Part 4: One, two, three and four-part voices. Songs, arias and ballads compiled for higher education institutions and for the home . Koch Verlag, Nuremberg 1914 (first edition).
  • Johann Peter : Volksedlinge: a hero book for the German youth. Lucas-Verlag, Munich 1916.
  • J [ohann] B [aptist] Laßleben : You German child! A gift for our youth. Hochwald-Verlag, Munich 1919.
  • JB Laßleben: Adventure in the forest. For the German youth. Hochwald-Verlag, Munich 1919.
  • Margarete Gebhardt : Legends and stories from Lausitz: told for young people. (Booklet series). Rauert & Pittius, Sorau 1921–1923.
  • Franz Xaver von Schönwerth : The beet princess and other fairy tales: retold by senior teacher JB Laßleben. Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz o. J. [1923].
  • Reichsarchiv (Hrsg.): The tragedy of Verdun 1916. 1st part. The German offensive battle. Verlag Gerhard Stalling , Oldenburg / Berlin 1926.
  • Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen : The breakthrough on the Isonzo . (Two-part work). Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg / Berlin 1926 (part 1) / 1928 (part 2).
  • Werner Beumelburg : Loretto. Shown on the basis of a historical study by Wolfgang Fürstner . Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1927.
  • Thilo von Bose : The Marne Drama 1914. (four-part work). Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1928.
  • Hans Zöberlein : Belief in Germany: a war experience from Verdun to the coup. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1931 (first edition).
  • Supreme SA leadership (ed.): SA song book. Publishing house Jos. C. Huber, Dießen am Ammersee 1933. (Foreword by Ernst Röhm )
  • Hans Zöberlein : The command of conscience: A novel of the turmoil of the post-war period and the first uprising. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1937 (first edition).
  • Otto Doderer : The Landserbuch: cheerful and contemplative things from the field newspapers of the world war; The soldiers at the front from 1914–1918 their comrades from 1939–1940. Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1940.

literature

  • Reich, Albert. In: Hermann Alexander Müller (prepar.); Hans Wolfgang Singer (Hrsg.): General artist lexicon. Life and works of the most famous visual artists. Volume 6, addendum 2 with corrections. Rütten & Loening, Frankfurt / M. 1922, p. 230 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive )
  • Empire Albert . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 28 : Ramsden-Rosa . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1934, p. 97 .
  • Reich, Albert . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 4 : Q-U . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1958, p. 36 .
  • Biography: Reich Albert. In: The Upper Palatinate. Verlag Laßleben, Kallmünz 1942. p. 63.
  • Albert Reich In: Neumarkt idOpf. about National Socialism 1933–1945. Markus Urban, Ed. Stadt Neumarkt idOpf. with Institute for Regional History - History for All e. V. 2010, pp. 90-93, pp. 184-185.

Web links

Commons : Albert Reich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Albert Reich  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Royal Bavarian District Official Gazette of Middle Franconia , Supplement No. 47 of September 14, 1901.
  2. ↑ 02533 Albert Reich . Register book: 1884–1920, ADBK Munich; accessed on April 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ a b c d Albert Reich in Kallmünz . Bergverein Kallmünz.
  4. ↑ Langwitz - Third Generation . ( Memento of October 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Sellschopp.org.
  5. ↑ Albert Reich . geneanet.org
  6. ↑ Sponsorship for the Kallmünz war memorial . In: Mitteilungsblatt für die Verwaltungsungsgemeinschaft Kallmünz ( Memento from April 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) 26th vol. No. 9, September 2005. p. 174.
  7. ↑ a b c Historical pageants in 1935 and 1936. In: Stefan Schweizer: “Giving our worldview a visible expression”: National Socialist images of history in historical pageants on the “Day of German Art” . Wallstein Verlag , 2007, ISBN 3-8353-0107-1 . P. 111 ff.
  8. ^ The "Night of the Amazons" 1936 to 1939 ; in: Birgit Jooss : The Stuck Amazonian - A “defensive bronze maiden in a bold pose” . (PDF) p. 282; Originally published in: Jo-Anne Birnie Danzker (Ed.): Villa Stuck . Ostfildern 2006. pp. 273-283 [311-313].
  9. ↑ List of participants in the 'Great German Art Exhibitions 1937-1944': Q – S , Meeting Point Art.
  10. ↑ Albert Reich . In: Neumarkt idOpf. during National Socialism 1933–1945 . Markus Urban, Ed. Stadt Neumarkt idOpf. with Institute for Regional History - History for All e. V. 2010, p. 93.
  11. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 (= The Time of National Socialism , Volume 17153). Completely revised edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8 , p. 432.
  12. ↑ Nicole Selendt: Albert Empire Street is renamed . In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung , November 12, 2010.
  13. ↑ The delicate handling of the Nazi legacy . (PDF) “Forced Labor” project group e. V., Berlin. July 3, 2010.
  14. ^ Nazi-Strasse "Albert Reich-Str." Is to be renamed . Application No. 34 of November 10, 2003 from the question Free List Future / Bündnis90 / Die Grünen.
  15. ↑ For “Josef-Geiß-Straße” . Neumarktonline.de, May 16, 2011.
  16. ↑ Father Heyder could inherit Albert Reich . In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung , February 3, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Reich, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter, graphic artist, draftsman and illustrator
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate
DATE OF DEATH April 12, 1942
Place of death Munich