Ashdod
Ashdod | |||
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Basic data | |||
hebrew : | אשדוד | ||
arabic : | إسدود | ||
State : |
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District : | south | ||
Founded : | 1956 | ||
Coordinates : | 31 ° 48 ' N , 34 ° 39' E | ||
Height : | 23 m | ||
Area : | 47.2 km² | ||
Residents : | 224,628 (as of 2018) | ||
Population density : | 4,759 inhabitants per km² | ||
Community code : | 0070 | ||
Time zone : | UTC + 2 | ||
Postal code : | 77041, 77042, 77043, 77044, 77046, 77050, 77051, 77060, 77100, 77101, 77102, 77103, 77104, 77105, 77106, 77107, 77109, 77110, 77112, 77113, 77115, 77116, 77117, 77120, 77121 77122, 77123, 77124, 77126, 77130, 77131, 77132, 77133, 77134, 77136, 77140, 77141, 77150, 77151, 77153, 77154, 77160, 77161, 77162, 77163, 77164, 77166, 77167, 77168, 77170 77180, 77181, 77182, 77183, 77185 | ||
Community type: | city | ||
Mayor : | Yehiel Lasri | ||
Website : | |||
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Ashdod ( Hebrew אַשְׁדּוֹד Ašdōd , English Ashdod , Arabic إسدود, DMG Isdūd , ancient Greek Ἄζωτος , Latin Azotus ) is a city in the southern district of Israel with 224,628 inhabitants (2018). It is located south of Tel Aviv on the Mediterranean Sea and is one of the largest cities in Israel.
history
Antiquity
The historical Ashdod goes back to the 14th century BC. It is three kilometers south of the modern city and is already mentioned in the Amarna letters . The archaeologist Juan-Pablo Vita assumes on the basis of paleographic studies that the letters were written by a scribe from Gezer who also worked for the allied rulers of Ginti-kirmil and Gat . However, the tone of the board does not come from Gezer, from which it can be concluded that the letter was written on site.
Ashdod was one of the cities in the Pentapolis of the Philistines (Jos. 13,3). According to biblical representation ( 1 Sam 5,1 EU ) the Philistines took the ark which them from the Israelites had captured over Ashkelon to Ashdod and placed them in the temple of their god Dagon . In the Septuagint and accordingly in the Vulgate , Ashdod has the name form Ἄζωτος or Azotus. There is a titular Roman Catholic bishopric of Azotus of the same name .
The one found in Ashdod, between 1000 and 1100 BC. The clay stand of the musicians of Ashdod , valued in the 4th century BC, shows the most comprehensive representation of a group of musicians in Levantine music history and is the only ensemble representation up to the Hellenistic period.
The Assyrian ruler Sargon II conquered the city in 712 BC. It was settled with deportees headed by an Assyrian šut reši .
From the 7th century Ashdod was an independent city-state ; From the Persian rule in the 6th century, the importance as a port city grew . The settlement can be traced back to the Byzantine period.
middle Ages
In the 12th century, the crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem built the crusader castle Chastel Béroard on today's southern edge of the city , a port fortress whose ruins have been preserved to this day.
Modern times
Before the founding of modern Ashdod there was an Arab village called Isdud (إسدود Isdūd ).
In the Palestine War , Egyptian troops were able to advance there. The Arab village was destroyed during the war.
In 1956, a new reception camp for immigrants was established. In November 1956 the first 22 families from Morocco were accommodated here. In July 1957 a group of immigrants from Egypt followed. After the decision to develop Ashdod as a port, it received the status of a development city . With the new port, the smaller port in Jaffa should be relieved. Construction began in April 1961 and the port was put into operation in November 1965.
In 1959 Ashdod received the status of a local authority and in 1968 that of a city administration .
Off the coast of Ashdod lies the sunk MV Peace , a former cargo ship that served the Voice of Peace radio station as a broadcasting station until October 1, 1993.
On March 14, 2004, a double attack was carried out in the port of Ashdod. The two suicide attacks killed 10 people and sustained 16 life-threatening injuries. The two Palestinian terrorist organizations al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and Hamas committed themselves to the crime .
The city is protected from rocket fire from the Gaza Strip by the so-called Iron Dome .
Culture
Ashdod is home to the Israeli Andalusian Orchestra , which cultivates the musical traditions that came from Moorish- ruled Spain and later also spread in the Maghreb. In 2006 the Israeli Andalusian Orchestra was awarded the Israel Prize . Ashdod also has a concert and convention center and the Ashdod Art Museum .
In addition, the city is home to a worldwide unique museum about the culture of the Philistines.
port
The Port of Ashdod opened in 1965 to replace the Port of Tel Aviv . With a throughput of around 18.5 million tons in 2010, it almost reached the transport volume of the port of Haifa . It is Israel's most important port for many goods. It is also a mooring point for yachts and cruise ships.
economy
Of economic importance next to the port also has petroleum industry, the chemical industry , the automotive industry and the diamond grinder eien. There are two oil refineries and the Eshkol power station in the Ashdod area . There are several shopping centers in the city .
In March 2020, the city's tourism chairman published a plan to expand tourism in the city. To build 15 new hotels with a total of 4,000 rooms over the next ten years, as well as a congress hall and a water park. The city currently has only two hotels and three motels with a total of only 400 guest rooms. 1.5 kilometers of the 7.5 kilometer long coastline are affected by the construction projects.
Residents
The population consists predominantly of Israel-born Sabra . One third of Ashdod consists of Jews from the former Soviet Union. Large numbers of Moroccan, Georgian, Ethiopian, French and Argentine Jews also live there. A large number of Hasidim live on the outskirts .
The Israeli Central Statistical Office gives the following population figures for Ashdod in the censuses of May 22, 1961, May 19, 1972, June 4, 1983, November 4, 1995 and December 28, 2008:
Year of the census | 1961 | 1972 | 1983 | 1995 | 2008 |
Number of inhabitants | 4,604 | 50,345 | 65,738 | 125,820 | 209.238 |
mayor
- 2008-present Yehiel Lasri
- 1989-2008 Zvi Zilker
- 1983-1989 Aryeh Azulay
- 1969–1983 Zvi Zilker
- 1963-1969 Avner Garin
- 1962–1963 Robert Hayim
- 1959–1961 Dov Gur
sons and daughters of the town
- Absalon (1964–1993), installation artist, video artist and sculptor
- Dafna Dekel (* 1966), singer and actress
- Haim Revivo (born 1972), football player
- Alon Day (* 1991), racing driver
Town twinning
Ashdod lists eleven twin cities :
city | country | since |
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Arkhangelsk |
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2011 |
Atyrau |
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2006 |
Bahía Blanca |
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1996 |
Bahir Dar |
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2011 |
Batumi |
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2011 |
Berlin-Spandau |
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1968 |
Bordeaux |
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1984 |
Brest |
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2012 |
Zaporizhia |
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2011 |
Tampa |
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2005 |
Wuhan |
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2005 |
Web links
- Immanuel Benzinger : Azotos 1 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 2, Stuttgart 1896, Col. 2645 f.
- Official website of Ashdod
Individual evidence
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ^ Juan-Pablo Vita: The Gezer-Corpus of El-Amarna. Scope and writer. In: Journal for Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology , Volume 90, W. de Gruyter 2000, pp. 70–77
- ^ Y. Goren, H. Mommsen, I. Finkelstein, N. Na'aman: A provenance study of the Gilgamesh fragment from Megiddo. In: Archaeometry , Volume 51 (2009), 5, 765
- ↑ Joachim Braun: Music in Ancient Israel / Palestine: Archaeological, Written, and Comparative Sources , 2002, ISBN 9780802844774 , p. 166
- ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, March 15, 2004, page 7
- ↑ נימוקי השופטים ( Memento from December 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ashdod wants to compete with Tel Aviv. Israelnetz.de , March 18, 2020, accessed on March 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Ashdod wants to compete with Tel Aviv. Israelnetz.de , March 18, 2020, accessed on March 27, 2020 .
- ^ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
- ↑ מאיה סלוצקי: "נרחיב הפעילות הבינלאומית" - אשדוד נט. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
- ↑ נחתם כינון קשרי ערים תאומות בין אשדוד לעיר בהר-דר מאתיופיה - אשדוד נט. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
- ↑ לראשונה ברית ערים תואמות - ישראל- אשדוד - סין –ווהן - אשדוד נט. Retrieved August 10, 2015.