August Haussleiter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

August Haußleiter (born February 5, 1905 in Nuremberg , † July 8, 1989 in Munich ), also known under the pseudonym Karl Konstantin , was a German politician and journalist .

Life

Before 1945

Little is known about Haußleiter's life for the period before 1945. The information is based in no small part on Haußleiter's own statements or on party-official representations of the German community , which could not be consistently confirmed. Haußleiter also had quite different versions spread about his past.

August Haußleiter was the son of a Protestant pastor and grew up in Nuremberg . According to his own statements, he lost his parents as a teenager and was an orphan . Haussleiter became politically active at an early age and joined "national defense associations" as a high school student. He was also involved in militant conflicts. At the age of "15 he was arrested by the police for the first time in a serious political conflict". During the Weimar period , Haußleiter had the following published about himself in 1957:

“In the civil war-like conditions of those years, it didn't keep him at home. The great ' German Days ' in Northern Bavaria saw him as one of the young champions of the national movement of those years, and the collapse of November 9, 1923 [Hitler-Ludendorff Putsch] hit the then eighteen-year-old to the heart. (...) He learned one thing back then: you have to stay sober and you have to judge the strength of the enemy correctly if you want to achieve lasting results in the political struggle. "

While Richard Stöss and the journalist Martin A. Lee assume that Haußleiter took part in the suppressed Hitler coup , Silke Mende only evaluates the autobiographical quote (above) as an indication that Haußleiter “sought connection to nationalist groups” early on.

After graduating from high school, Haussleiter studied theology and philosophy in Erlangen and earned his living as a working student. In 1924 he became a member of the Onoldia Corps . According to various sources, Haußleiter became a member of the national liberal German People's Party before 1933 . Richard Stöss, who also portrayed this in 1980, did some research and came to the conclusion in 1983: "Although he had sympathy for Stresemann and his German People's Party (DVP), he did not join the National Liberals." Even after the publication of Stöss there there are sources that continue to represent a membership in the DVP.

From 1928 Haußleiter worked as an economic and political editor (editor) at the Franconian Courier . The formerly bourgeois newspaper changed after 1918 to a republic- hostile, partially anti-Semitic , "nationalist paper" and was thus an indirect pioneer of National Socialism, even if the National Socialists criticized the newspaper before 1933 as a "Papen paper". After 1933 the newspaper only drew serious criticism from the National Socialists in isolated cases. They accused her of a "church-friendly attitude". Haussleiter wrote in the Franconian Courier "a series of articles justifying National Socialism and even its anti-Semitic policies".

According to Richard Stöss, Haussleiter would most likely be assigned to the Conservative Revolution in the political spectrum of the Weimar Republic . One of his long-time political companions described him as an “adept” of the Tat group , who thus “ultimately belonged to those“ for whom the Nazis were far too loud, far too vulgar, far too ignorant, far too uneducated, and before the unleashed nationalist dynamism was terrified ”. Stöss emphasized: “August Haußleiter was not a Nazi.” According to Silke Mende, he described himself as a “German socialist” following Otto Strasser .

Haussleiter got into a violent argument with Gauleiter Julius Streicher, who lived in Nuremberg . In 1940 he obtained Haussleiter's exclusion from the Franconian Courier.

According to the Mirror Haußleiter was "involuntary author of the prohibition of art criticism by Goebbels , which was pronounced a favorite hobo for a made by him attack". According to recent scientific reports, the ban on art criticism announced by Goebbels on November 27, 1936 in the Völkischer Beobachter was related to a tightening of the National Socialist control of culture.

In 1940 Haußleiter was drafted into the Wehrmacht and experienced the Second World War as a staff member of the XIII. Army Corps , where he was seriously wounded on the Eastern Front in 1942. In 1942 he published the book On the Middle Eastern Front . According to Stöss, this book is intended to glorify the war against the Soviet Union started by the Nazis. He was later transferred to the Western Front and in 1945 was taken prisoner by the Americans. Kittel (2002) describes Haussleiter's attitude in the Third Reich as typical of national-liberal-Protestant personalities who "usually recognized the terrible face of National Socialism very early on and then decidedly turned away from it."

After 1945

After returning from captivity, Haußleiter worked as a teacher at a school in Neudrossenfeld in 1945 . In 1946 he was a co-founder of the CSU in Kulmbach and supported the interdenominational, liberal-conservative and moderately federalist current within the party, in which he "represented the Protestant element from Franconia". In the same year he became a member of the constituent state assembly in Bavaria and was a member of the state parliament for the CSU until 1949 as well as a member of the state board and the executive board of the CSU. In 1946/1947 and 1948/1949 he was also a member of the board of the CSU state parliamentary group.

On June 25, 1947, Haußleiter was revoked from his Landtag mandate by a majority decision in the Landtag because militaristic and National Socialist ideas were seen in his publications and especially in his book On the Middle Eastern Front . On the other hand, Haußleiter sued the Bavarian Constitutional Court and received his mandate back on January 16, 1948 , after he had been exonerated from the court in Kulmbach. On February 29, 1948, Haußleiter was elected deputy chairman of the CSU.

Due to internal differences between the various wings, Haußleiter resigned from the CSU in September 1949. He prepared his departure from the CSU in January 1949 in Braunschweig as a co-founder of the German Union (DU). The DU program was drafted jointly by Haussleiter and Gerhard Krüger . Together with Ferdinand Fried from “Tatkreis”, Haußleiter published the DU weekly magazine Die deutsche Demokratie (DW).

From a foundation on September 18, 1949 in Frankfurt, initially intended as a platform for a social reform movement, at which Haussleiter was present on behalf of the German Union, the German Community (DG) party emerged on Haussleiter's initiative , whose policy he determined as spokesman.

In Bavaria, Haußleiter campaigned for the DG to merge with the Association of Expellees and Disenfranchised (BHE). After the merger and a cooperation agreement for the state elections between DG and BHE on October 10, 1950, a six-member DG parliamentary group moved into the state parliament - Haußleiter was parliamentary group chairman until 1952 and a member of the state parliament until 1954 .

In the course of 1952, the Bavarian DG faction disbanded due to emigration to other parties, parallel to the loss of supporters among the expellees. What remained were his future wife Renate Malluche and Haussleiter himself.

In view of the foreseeable ban on the Socialist Reich Party (SRP), Haußleiter initiated a meeting on October 4, 1952 with Karl-Heinz Priester as chairman of the German Social Movement (DSB) and SRP representative, as well as with Werner Boll from the German Reich Party (DRP), to establish an SRP catch basin. During this time Haußleiter wrote articles for the Nazi magazine Nation und Europa .

For the 1953 federal election , Haussleiter established the umbrella organization for the National Collection (DNS). The most important partners were Karl-Heinz Priester (DSB) and Karl Meißner (German Bloc). The alliance received 0.3 percent of the vote.

When a promising national-neutralist electoral alliance began to form in 1965 at the endeavors of Hermann Schwann , Haussleiter and his DG took part in the Action Group for Independent Germans . Haußleiter published the AUD party newspaper The Independents since 1967 , which until 1979 had the same content with two heads: The Independent and German Community .

For the 1979 European elections , the AUD, the Green List Environmental Protection, the Green Action Future, the Green List Schleswig-Holstein and smaller groups formed the “other political association, the Greens ”. Haussleiter published the campaign newspaper Die Grünen , and from this point on his newspaper appeared with this head, which replaced the previous head of the German Community . Haussleiter became one of their spokesmen. Haußleiter was elected as one of the spokespersons for the new party on March 23, 1980 at a congress of the party Die Grünen in Saarbrücken. The Greens ran for the first time in a federal election on October 5, 1980 .

On April 24, 1980, the political television magazine Monitor broadcast an article about Haussleiter with reference to his war diary, with footage from a party congress of the German Community (Göttingen 1957), with some Haussleiter quotes from the early 1950s and the thesis that Haussleiter was a national socialist. Haussleiter himself considered this an expected campaign against the new party, which would have hit anyone else in one way or another. He resigned in June 1980, in consultation with the Federal Main Committee, at the next meeting of the Greens in Dortmund. The agreed party convention management worked: his successor was the Bavarian AUD state chairman Dieter Burgmann .

Haußleiter was married to the doctor and politician Renate Haußleiter-Malluche , who was temporarily treasurer of the Bavarian Greens . He continued to publish the weekly newspaper Die Grünen .

After the state elections in 1986 , the Greens entered the Bavarian state parliament for the first time. One of the 15 Green MPs was house manager. In 1987 he resigned his mandate for health reasons.

Today's rating

Ralf Fücks , co-founder of the Berlin think tank Zentrum Liberale Moderne , who himself came from the K groups and joined the Greens in 1982, said in retrospect in an interview in 2019 that Haussleiter was “a Nazi journalist and one of the first party leaders” of the Greens , and he had "struck badly" with Haussleiter's rhetoric even before he joined the party.

Fonts

  • On the central eastern front. A German corps fighting the Soviets . Drawings by Josef Sauer, ed. Deputy General Command of the XIII. Army corps commissioned by a Franconian army corps, designed by August Haußleiter. JL Schrag Verlag, Nuremberg 1942.
  • Union cultural policy . Why confessional school? The Union on State and Church. Together with Wolfgang Prechtl. Two speeches on the new Bavarian constitution . Munich 1946.
  • Who Financed Hitler? (Under the pseudonym Karl Konstantin). (= Contributions to liberal socialism. H. 6). So-pressure u. Publishing house, Freising 1970.
  • Change of consciousness with constant positions. Manuscript, n.d., n.d. (1980).
  • The fall of the " Ochsensepp ". In: Michael Schröder: Bavaria 1945: Democratic new beginning, interviews with eyewitnesses. Munich 1985, pp. 90-103.

literature

  • Stefan Appelius , Lothar Wieland: Speeches at the opening of the Fritz Küster Archive. In: Oldenburger Universitätsreden, No. 26. Ed. From the library and information system of the University of Oldenburg, 1989.
  • Beate Baldow: Episode or Danger - The Naumann Affair . Online resource, dissertation. FU Berlin, 2013 (see web links).
  • Barbara Fait, Alf Mintzel (with the assistance of Thomas Schlemmer ): The CSU 1945–1948. Protocols and materials on the early history of the Christian Social Union, Vol. 3: Materials, biographies, registers. Munich 1993.
  • Manfred Jenke : The national right. Parties, politicians, publicists. Colloquium, Berlin 1967.
  • Manfred Jenke: Conspiracy from the right? A report on right-wing radicalism in Germany after 1945 . Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1961.
  • Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German right-wing extremism. Berlin 1996.
  • Silke Mende: "Not right, not left, but in front". A history of the founding Greens (revised version of the dissertation 2009/10). Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-59811-7 .
  • Alf Mintzel: The CSU. Anatomy of a Conservative Party. Opladen 1975.
  • Frank Schnieder: From social movement to institution. The emergence of the party The Greens. in the years 1978 to 1980 ( Political Parties in Europe, Vol. 2). Münster / Hamburg / London 1998.
  • Spruchkammer Kulmbach, AZ: AR 1103/47. Decision to terminate the matter against August Haußleiter v. 12/9/1947. Ms., and available on request from: Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, Lazarettstr. 33, 80636 Munich.
  • Richard Stöss: From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community, Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System d. Federal Republic. (= Writings of the Central Institute for Social Science Research at the Free University of Berlin. Volume 32). Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X .
  • Richard Stöss: Party handbook: the parties of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1980, Volume 1: AUD to EFP . Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1983, ISBN 3-531-11570-7 .
  • Peter Zeitler: Chronicle “Values, Roots, Paths” - 50 years of CSU in the Kronach district.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Richard Stöss : Party handbook: the parties of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1980. Volume 1 AUD to EFP. Westdeutscher Verlag, 1983, p. 878.
  2. ↑ Deutsche Gemeinschaft (Zt.), No. 39 of January 17, 1963, p. 3 ("Who is August Haußleiter")
  3. ↑ a b c d Hans Frederik: The right-wing radicals. Humboldt-Verlag, Munich 1965, p. 57.
  4. ^ Richard Stöss: From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community / Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 65.
  5. ↑ Martin A. Lee: The Beast Reawakens: Fascism's Resurgence from Hitler's Spymasters to Today's Neo-Nazi Groups and Right-Wing Extremists. Routledge, 1999, p. 217.
  6. ↑ Silke Mende: "Not right, not left, but in front". A history of the founding Greens (revised version of the dissertation 2009/10). Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-59811-7 .
  7. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1996, 111 , 1085.
  8. ^ Munzinger Archive, delivery on August 21, 1989.
  9. ↑ Barbara Fait, Alf Mintzel (with the assistance of Thomas Schlemmer ): The CSU 1945–1948. Protocols and materials on the early history of the Christian Social Union, Vol. 3: Materials, biographies, registers. Munich 1993, p. 1876.
  10. ^ A b Manfred Kittel: Hereditary debt from Weimar? National and national liberals in the bourgeois parties after 1945. In: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, No. 395, October 2002, p. 76.
  11. ^ Karl-Ulrich Gelberg: The Ehard II Cabinet: 9/24/1947–122/12/1948. Oldenbourg, 2003, p. 12.
  12. ↑ What is meant is Chancellor Franz von Papen (Chancellor June 1, 1932 - November 17, 1932), a close confidante of Hindenburg. Source for the assessment by the National Socialists: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns. historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de
  13. ↑ see: historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de
  14. ↑ Jörg R. Mettke: Warm and honest . In: Der Spiegel . No. 27 , 1980, pp. 85-87 ( spiegel.de ).
  15. ^ Richard Stöss: Party Handbook: the parties of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1980. Volume 1 AUD to EFP . Westdeutscher Verlag, 1983, p. 878 with reference to the article Jörg Mettkes in Der Spiegel 1980 under the title Warm und Ehrlich. s. Web Links section .
  16. ↑ cit. after: Richard Stöss: From nationalism to environmental protection - The German community / action group of independent Germans in the party system of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 67.
  17. ^ A b Richard Stöss: From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community / Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 66.
  18. ↑ Silke Mende: "Not right, not left, but in front". A history of the founding Greens (revised version of the dissertation 2009/10). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-59811-7 , p. 95.
  19. ↑ Brief biographical details of the Spiegel under the picture of Haußleiter in Haußleiter's guest article in the Spiegel : August Haußleiter: Bavarian Riddle - A Page for August Haußleiter , in the Spiegel October 11, 1947 ( spiegel.de ).
  20. ↑ Joseph Wulf : The fine arts in the Third Reich. Sigbert Mohn, Gütersloh 1963; New edition Ullstein Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1983, ISBN 3-550-07057-8 , pp. 127f.
  21. ↑ Gesa Jeuthe: Modernism under the hammer - "Utilization" of "degenerate" art by the Lucerne Gallery Fischer 1939. In: Uwe Fleckner (Ed.): Attack on the Avantgarde. Art and Art Politics in National Socialism. Berlin 2007, p. 197; Andreas Zeising: Revision of the view of art - Paul Fechter and the art criticism of the press during National Socialism. In: Ruth Heftrig, Olaf Peters , Barbara Schellewald (eds.): Art history in the “Third Reich”: theories, methods, practices. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-004448-4 , p. 183.
  22. ↑ Spruchkammer Kulmbach; Ref .: AR 1103/47; In the matter of August Haußleiter; Ms .; 9.2.47; P. 1.
  23. ↑ Manfred Jenke: Conspiracy from the Right? A report on right-wing radicalism in Germany after 1945. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1961, p. 261.
  24. ↑ a b c Barbara Fait: The CSU 1945–1948: Protocols and materials on the early history of the Christian-Social Union. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1989, p. 1876.
  25. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer : Awakening, Crisis and Renewal: The Christian Social Union 1945 to 1955. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1998, p. 90.
  26. ↑ Munzinger, Internationales Biographisches Archiv No. 35/1989 of August 21, 1989 (available on the Internet)
  27. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer: Awakening, Crisis and Renewal: The Christian Social Union 1945 to 1955. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1998, p. 200 f.
  28. ↑ Peter Jakob Kock: The Bavarian State Parliament. A Chronicle , p. 39 (PDF; 6 MB)
  29. ↑ Peter Jakob Kock: The Bavarian State Parliament 1946 to 1986. Volume 1. Bayerische Verlagsanstalt, 1986, p. 39.
  30. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer: Awakening, Crisis and Renewal: The Christian Social Union 1945 to 1955. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1998, p. 288.
  31. ^ Henning Hansen: The Socialist Reich Party (SRP): Rise and Failure of a Right-Wing Extreme Party. Droste-Verlag, 2007, p. 40.
  32. ^ Paul Sering (pseudonym for Richard Löwenthal ): Three ways of German foreign policy. In: The month . Year 1, issue 8/9, 1948/49, p. 26.
  33. ^ Richard Stöss : From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community / Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 74.
  34. ^ Richard Stöss: From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community / Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 75.
  35. ^ Activity report on the 2nd electoral period 1950/54
  36. ^ Richard Stöss: From Nationalism to Environmental Protection - The German Community / Action Group of Independent Germans in the Party System of the Federal Republic. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1980, ISBN 3-531-11512-X , p. 85.
  37. ^ Susanne Sander: Careers and barriers: Landtag politicians of the FRG in the post-war period. Helmer Verlag, 2003, p. 229.
  38. ↑ Oliver Sowinski: The German Reich Party 1950-1965: Organization and ideology of a right-wing radical party. Peter Lang Verlag, 1998, p. 130.
  39. ^ Simone Bautz: Gerhard Schumann: biography, work, effect of a prominent National Socialist author . Gießen, Univ., Diss., 2006, p. 300 ( geb.uni-giessen.de PDF).
  40. ^ Andreas Schulze: Small parties in Germany. Springer, 2004, p. 64.
  41. ↑ Jürgen Willbrand: Is Hitler coming back? Auer Cassianeum, 1964, p. 50.
  42. ↑ see z. B .: Thomas Grethe: The Greens are coming. Political novel. Ottersberg 1982, p. 184: “The wind of the media is now blowing the Greens right in the face. The first to feel this is August Haußleiter. It's not just left-wing posts that are complaining that a right-wing party has now reached the top of the Greens, but his supposedly brown past is literally thrown around his ears in the program 'Monitor'. "
  43. ↑ On the campaign character of media reporting (especially through the monitor broadcast) both against Haussleiter and against the Greens as a whole, see: Frank Schnieder: From the social movement to the institution. The emergence of the party The Greens. Münster 1998, p. 116 f.
  44. ↑ Thomas Grethe: The Greens are coming. Political novel. Ottersberg 1982, p. 191 f.
  45. ↑ a b August Haußleiter (limited preview). Munzinger Archive , accessed September 15, 2012 .
  46. ↑ Marc Felix Serrao: The German fear of liberalism. In: NZZ , June 7, 2019, accessed on June 10, 2019 (interview with Ralf Fücks).
personal data
SURNAME House manager, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Konstantin, Karl (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (CSU, DG, AUD, Greens), MdL Bavaria and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1989
Place of death Munich