Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps

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Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps (1923). Photographer Franz Löwy

Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps (born April 13, 1864 as Bertha Szeps in Vienna , Austrian Empire , † October 16, 1945 in Paris ) was a Jewish Austrian writer , journalist , critic and salonnière .

Life

Berta Szeps (she later always wrote her first name without an h, but Berthe in France) grew up as the daughter of the liberal newspaper publisher Moritz Szeps , who ran the Neue Wiener Tagblatt , and his wife in Vienna and was tutored by private tutors. As a companion to her father and occasionally as a secretary or as a secret messenger, she took part in his conversations and contacts with domestic and foreign celebrities as a teenager and therefore had a very wide circle of friends and acquaintances from an early age.

She married on April 15, 1886. then in Graz anatomists working as a university professor Emil Zuckerkandl and moved in with him to Graz, until he was appointed professor in Vienna 1888th

Painting by Vilma Elisabeth von Parlaghy Brochfeld (oil on canvas, 1886)
Photo by Ludwig Schwab , around 1930
Memorial plaque for the salon of Bert h a Zuckerkandl at the Palais Lieben-Auspitz in Vienna

Berta Zuckerkandl ran a literary salon in Vienna from the end of the 19th century to 1938 , initially in a villa in Nusswaldgasse in Döbling , which her husband bought at her request , since 1892 the 19th district of Vienna, from 1917 in the city center, 1st 3rd district, in the Palais Lieben-Auspitz (entrance Oppolzergasse) at the Burgtheater , where there is a memorial plaque today. The state's artistic and scientific elite frequented this salon, including Johann Strauss (son) , Gustav Klimt , Arthur Schnitzler , Max Reinhardt and Franz Theodor Csokor . Alma Mahler-Werfel met Gustav Mahler here in 1901 . The artists sponsored by Berta Zuckerkandl included Anton Kolig and Sebastian Isepp from the Nötscher district . She was particularly connected to the Secession and the Wiener Werkstätte , both of which arose from her encouragement and journalistic support.

Zuckerkandl's older sister Sophie (1862-1937) was married to Paul Clemenceau, the brother of the future French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau . Sophie and Berta met the Clemenceaus as part of their father's efforts to strengthen ties between Austria-Hungary and France . During her frequent visits to Paris, Berta met Auguste Rodin and Maurice Ravel in her sister's salon . Due to these good connections to France, during the First World War, 1917, she was involved in the unsuccessful efforts of Emperor Charles I and his wife Zita to achieve a separate peace ( Sixtus affair ).

Zuckerkandl worked as a journalist for theater and art for the Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung and the Neue Wiener Journal . She was a pioneer for the Secession , the Wiener Werkstätte and co-founder of the Salzburg Festival . The first public reading by Hofmannsthal's Jedermann took place in her salon . She also translated several theater plays from French, such as by Marcel Achard , Jean Anouilh , Jacques Bousquet and Paul Géraldy .

Austrian politicians of the interwar period , who wanted to ask France, as the victorious power of the First World War, for support or for investments by French donors in the now poor Austria, repeatedly made use of Berta Zuckerkandl's very good contacts in Paris. That is why she was in contact with Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel as well as later with Engelbert Dollfuss .

When the German Reich Austria in 1938 joined , Berta Zuckerkandl had to flee as a Jew. The French author Paul Géraldy came to Vienna and helped Zuckerkandl escape to Paris. There she had close contact with other expelled Austrians such as Franz Werfel . As a holder of the Order of the Legion of Honor , she was exempt from internment in France and was able to move to Algiers in the spring of 1940 to live with her son Fritz, who had previously emigrated . After the Allied conquest of Algiers , she worked for an Allied radio station on radio broadcasts in which she called on the Austrians to resist the National Socialists . She did not succeed in leaving the USA. Letters to Franz Theodor Csokor have been preserved from 1945 in which she wishes him all the best for the future in Austria, but doubts that she will see her hometown again. She returned to Paris in 1945, already seriously ill, and died there that same year.

Zuckerkandl's grave is in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris. In 2009, in Vienna- Alsergrund (9th district), the Bert h a-Zuckerkandl-Weg was named after her, a footpath and bike path on the former connecting arch of the Stadtbahn , parallel to the Danube Canal and Spittelauer Lände. In addition, an explanatory board was attached to the street name traffic board.

In 2012, the Austrian National Library bought Berta Zuckerkandl's grandson Emile Zuckerkandl, who lived in the United States, his personal archive with the autographs of famous personalities as they went to and from his grandmother, with many letters to Berta Zuckerkandl and with her report on her flight from France to Algiers. In 2013 Theresia Klugsberger and Ruth Pleyer published this report under the title Flucht! Bourges to Algiers in the summer of 1940. in Czernin Verlag published in Vienna. In 2014 and 2016 the Austrian National Library acquired additional parts from Berta Zuckerkandl's estate, including unpublished letters from Raoul Aslan, Joseph Roth and Ödön von Horváth.

Fonts (selection)

  • The maintenance of art in Austria 1848–1898. Decorative arts and crafts . Vienna 1900. archive.org
  • Zeitkunst Vienna 1901–1907 . Heller, Vienna 1908.
  • Poland's art of painting . Vienna 1915. archive.org
  • I experienced fifty years of world history . Autobiography. Bermann-Fischer Verlag, Stockholm 1939. archive.org
  • Clemenceau tel que je l'ai connu . Algiers 1944.
  • Austria intimate. Memoirs 1892–1942 . Edited by Reinhard Federmann . Propylaen, Frankfurt 1970, paperback: Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-548-20985-8 .
  • Poland's art of painting 1915. In: Roman Taborski (ed.): Stanisław Wyspiański, the great creator of Polish modernism . Vienna 1996.
  • Young Poland 1906. In: Roman Taborski (ed.): Stanisław Wyspiański, the great creator of Polish modernism . Vienna 1996.
  • Escape !: From Bourges to Algiers in the summer of 1940 . Theresia Klugsberger and Ruth Pleyer (eds.). Cernzin-Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7076-0456-6 .
  • Berta Zuckerkandl - Gottfried Kunwald. Correspondence 1928–1938. Gertrude Enderle-Burcel (ed.). Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-205-20775-7 .

Translations

  • Paul Annont and Jacques Bousquet: Mama Nicole . Comedy in 3 acts. Vienna 1925.
  • Edouard Bourdet: Just published . Comedy in 3 acts. Edited for the German stage by Paul Kalbeck . o. O., around 1925.
  • Jean-Jacques Bernard: Soul in Need . Play in 3 acts. Eirich, Vienna around 1928.
  • Paul Géraldy. Dramas . Authorized translation from French. Zsolnay, Vienna 1928.
  • Paul Géraldy. Such is love [poems] . Authorized translation from French. Zsolnay, Vienna 1930.
  • Henri-René Lenormand: Theater. Dramas . Authorized translation from French. Zsolnay, Vienna 1930.
  • Alfred Savoir: Er: play in 3 acts. Marton, Vienna 1930.

literature

  • Renate Redl: Berta Zuckerkandl and the Vienna Society. A contribution to Austrian art and social criticism . Dissertation, University of Vienna 1978.
  • Lucian O. Meysels : Austria is in my salon. Berta Zuckerkandl and her time . Herold, Vienna 1984. 2., ext. New edition. Edition INW (Illustrierte Neue Welt), Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-9500356-0-5 .
  • Siglinde Bolbecher , Konstantin Kaiser : Lexicon of Austrian exile literature . In collaboration with Evelyn Adunka , Nina Jakl and Ulrike Oedl. Deuticke, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-216-30548-1 , pp. 718f.
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 3: S – Z, Register. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , pp. 1524f.
  • Michael Schulte: Berta Zuckerkandl. Salonière, journalist, secret diplomat . Atrium Verlag, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-85535-720-X .
  • Jutta Dick, Marina Sassenberg (ed.): Jewish women in the 19th and 20th centuries . Lexicon to life and work, Reinbek 1993, ISBN 3-499-16344-6 .
  • Armelle Weirich: Berta Zuckerkandl (1864–1945), salonnière, journaliste et critique d'art, entre Vienne et Paris (1871–1918) . Dissertation, Université de Bourgogne, 2014.
  • Bernhard Fetz (Ed.): Berg, Wittgenstein, Zuckerkandl. Central figures of Viennese modernism . Profiles (Volume 25). Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-552-05891-0 .

Others

  • Beatrice Gleicher : Berta Zuckerkandl: Welcome to my salon. World premiere: Vienna, Palais Schönburg, director: Erhard Pauer.

Web links

Commons : Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hofrat Professor Dr. Emil Zuckerkandl. In:  Neue Freie Presse , May 19, 1910, p. 37 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  2. ^ Bertha-Zuckerkandl-Weg in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  3. ^ Explanation board Berta Zuckerkandl in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  4. ^ Thomas Trenkler: National library acquires Zuckerkandl archive. In: The Standard . November 27, 2012, p. 25 , accessed September 27, 2013 .
  5. ^ Zuckerkandl estate: A valuable legacy of the salon lioness . Article dated September 2, 2016, accessed September 2, 2016.
  6. ↑ Play : Berta Zuckerkandl | Art gimmick. Retrieved November 18, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Zuckerkandl-Szeps, Berta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Szeps, Bertha (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer, journalist and critic
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna , Austria
DATE OF DEATH October 16, 1945
Place of death Paris , France