The dark tower

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The Dark Tower (The Dark Tower) is an eight-volume, dark fantasy saga of the American writer Stephen King . King himself describes the series around the dark tower as his most important work. The works are also known as the Dark Tower Cycle .

Works in chronological order

The Dark Tower cycle tells the story of the gunslinger Roland Deschain von Gilead in eight successive novels and a short story that tells part of the prehistory.

The plot of the respective novels is described in the individual articles.

The story of the Dark Tower cycle

“The man in black fled through the desert and the gunslinger followed him.” The first volume in the series begins with this sentence. The author once described this sentence as one of the best his artistic work has ever produced. According to the author, it took him almost 30 years to complete the Dark Tower cycle. The Dark Tower cycle is divided into eight volumes. However, King knits the plot further , partly in fragmentary form, in other novels and short stories.

Stephen King's Dark Tower cycle is an epic fantasy saga with western , horror and sci-fi elements, which is about the journey of the gunslinger Roland Deschain on the path of the beam to the dark tower. Roland's mission is to free the tower, which is the center of the multiverse, from the hand of the Scarlet King. Under his rule Roland's home mid-world is in an increasing post-apocalyptic disintegration, which is expressed in the winged saying of its inhabitants, according to which “the world has moved on”. Roland's mid-world is in many respects similar to ours, half medieval , half western-like parallel worlds , where science and sorcery coexist on an equal footing (or at least did until the Scarlet King appeared).

On this trip, Roland meets his Ka-Tet , his companion in destiny from our world, whose leader he becomes: Jake Chambers, a little boy from 1977, Eddie Dean, a drug courier from New York City from the 1980s, and Odetta Holmes / Detta Walker / Susannah Dean, a split- personality black woman in a wheelchair from the mid-1960s. They are joined as the fifth member of their Ka- Tet by Billy-Bumbler Oy, a mixture of dog, badger and raccoon that is common in the Midworld.

Together they must save the multiverse, threatened with decay and ruin under the rule of the Scarlet King. In the course of the plot, the multiverse turns out to be a summary of the entire literary oeuvre of the author Stephen King, who also appears as a separate character in the context of the plot.

black

The first novel Schwarz was initially published in the American (The) Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (F&SF) as a serial novel. The individual chapters appeared in October 1978, April 1980, February 1981, July 1981 and November 1981. Years later, King brought out two more novels as serialized stories, namely The Green Mile and an unfinished Internet novel entitled The Plant .

chapter Initial release English original title German title
1 October 1978 The Gunslinger The gunslinger
2 April 1980 The Way Station The stopover *
3 February 1981 The Oracle and the Mountains The oracle and the mountains
4th July 1981 The Slow Mutants The slow mutants
5 November 1981 The Gunslinger and the Dark Man The gunslinger and the man in black

* this chapter was called Das Rasthaus in the first translation .

It was first published in a single volume in 1982 by the small publisher Donald M. Grant under the original title The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger . The first edition consisted of 10,000 copies, as well as a numbered and signed special edition comprising 500 copies, which is one of the most valuable collector's items among Stephen King fans today.

Stephen King himself did not want to publish a higher edition in 1982 because he himself still had doubts about the completion of the epic work about the dark tower. It was not until 1988 that the second edition of Schwarz was published in large numbers by the New York paperback New American Library (NAL) . Volume three followed a year later .

The German translation of the novel did not appear until 1988 and was given the title Schwarz , partly because the title The Gunslinger is difficult to translate into German.

Three

King writes in the foreword to Robin Furth's The Gate to Stephen King's Dark Tower I-IV that the realization of the second volume bordered on a miracle. About forty handwritten pages of the manuscript were lost. The rest of the manuscript was badly damaged when King's wife Tabitha rescued it from the trash. Nevertheless, with the remaining pages he set about translating the second volume into writing. The working title was initially Roland draws Three (in German: Roland draws three ).

Part 2 was published in 1987, also in an edition of 10,000 copies and a limited, signed edition of 850 copies. The second volume was entitled The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three (German: The drawing of the three ). The German title of the novel is simply Drei . The publisher was again Donald M. Grant.

Translations of the first two novels, Black and Three, were initially not planned, as the American first editions were already limited. That only changed with the publication of the paperbacks by NAL . The Heyne Verlag published translations of Joachim Körber in 1988 or 1989th

Dead.

The third volume The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands (German title: Tot. ) Was published again in 1991 by Grant Verlag. At the same time it was published in paperback by NAL . This was not least due to the growing fan base of the Dark Tower and the popularity of the author. The German translation Tot. by Joachim Körber the Heyne-Verlag published a year later.

The English title The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands is an allusion to TS Eliot's The Waste Land ( The Waste Land to understand). This allusion is lost in the German title (as, for example, in the cemetery of the cuddly toys ).

The end of the third volume caused criticism from the fan base for the first time. The first two novels were self-contained narratives, but dead. ends abruptly in the middle of a puzzle contest, the outcome of which seems more than uncertain, with a cliffhanger . Many then accused him of artificially encouraging the reader to buy the next volume. King always countered these allegations with the objection that he had already explained to the reader in the afterword of the first volume that the story would only be completed after about 3,000 pages.

Glass

To the annoyance of fans, King took a long time to continue the cycle. The entry into the complex world around the gunslinger Roland Deschain turned out to be increasingly difficult. For the work on the (still) following volumes, King repeatedly had to do intensive research. He had already indicated this in the epilogue to the third volume.

It was not until 1997 that Grant and NAL published the fourth volume with the original title: The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass (in German about: Magician and Glass ). In the same year Heyne Joachim Körbers published a German translation under the title Glas . Like the first two volumes, the novel tells at least a self-contained story (Roland tells from his past). To an open end as in dead. the author has waived this time.

A short time later, King returned to Roland's past. In 1998, New York publisher Tom Doherty Associations published a collection of short stories and short stories, Legends . A narrative contained therein, entitled The Dark Tower: The Little Sister of Eluria, deals with events that take place shortly before the beginning of the plot of the first volume. The little sisters of Eluria appeared in German in 1999 in the anthology Der 7. Schrein bei Heyne . As before, the translator was Joachim Körber.

wind

Announced in March 2011, an eighth, supplementary volume was published in early 2012. The Wind Through the Keyhole can be classified chronologically between volumes 4 and 5. The German translation with the title Wind was published on September 10, 2012. The translator is again Wulf Bergner.

Wolf moon

An accident with a pickup truck on June 19, 1999 resulted in Stephen King having to interrupt work on the cycle for a period. In 2001 he revealed that the next volume should be called The Dark Tower V: The Crawling Shadow (German translation for example: The creeping shadow ). When the fifth volume came out a year later by Scribner Verlag , the title had changed to The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla (in German: Die Wölfe der Calla ).

This time, Wulf Bergner was responsible for the German translation of Wolfsmond ( Heyne 2003) . This led to dissatisfaction among the German fans. The new translator rendered familiar phrases differently. For example, “The world has moved on” became “The world has moved on”.

In 2003 a revision of the first volume, Schwarz, was published . Its aim was to eliminate content-related contradictions to the later volumes. In addition to stylistic adjustments, King changed or added individual scenes with a view to the end of the saga. Attentive readers of the new version were given clear indications of the end of the tower saga. With the German edition, Heyne-Verlag published a revised new edition of volumes 1 to 4. It standardized the translation of existing and newly emerging familiar phrases as well as the design of the cover.

Susannah & The Tower

The series was provisionally concluded with the publication of Susannah and The Tower in spring and December 2004. This time, too, Heyne Verlag published the German translations by Wulf Bergner close to the American publication. The original title of the sixth volume was: The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah (in German: The song of Susannah ). The last volume of the saga was simply called The Dark Tower VII in English . Both volumes were published by Scribner Verlag in New York .

The publication of the last volume meant that the last four volumes of the novel cycle appeared briefly on the bestseller lists. King ends the saga with the sentence with which he opened it thirty years earlier: The Man in Black fled through the desert and the Gunslinger followed him.

The Concordances of Robin Furth were originally created due to research difficulties mentioned by Stephen King (see the separate article The Gate to Stephen King's Dark Tower I-IV ).

The author has given the rights for a seven-part The Dark Tower mini comic series to the Marvel publishing house . The first of five series was published on the American book market between February and July 2007. Robin Furth and Peter David could be engaged as authors, both of whom had created extensive reference works on the cycle that were legitimized by King. The surprising collaboration with Marvel also has its origins in the cycle itself. The description of the robots from the fifth volume, Wolfsmond, is very similar to the Marvel villain Doctor Doom .

Influences

Stephen King was largely inspired by the poem Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came by Robert Browning ("Mr. Roland came to the dark tower"), which in turn is based on Edgar's song in Shakespeare's drama King , among other things , when creating the saga about the Dark Tower Lear relates.

To what extent the plot of the Dark Tower refers to this very long poem, however, is not entirely clear, since it is a complex work equipped with metaphors . It becomes clear, however, that King at least allowed himself to be captured by the depressive and desperate mood and the confusing, symbolic ambiguity. He also makes this reference with a few quotes at the beginning of Tot. and glass clearly. In the last volume of the saga about the dark tower, King Susannah and Roland pass a copy of the poem, which is partly interpreted by Roland; the poem is also printed in full in the appendix.

In the foreword of the fourth volume, Glass , Stephen King also comments on his influence from JRR Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings : “JRR Tolkien's 'The Lord of the Rings' was incredibly popular at the time ... The books about the Dark Tower - like most of them Fantasy stories by men and women of my generation - owe their origins to these books by Tolkien. "

The reference to the western genre is not chosen by chance either, the novel was essentially influenced by the western Two Glorious Scoundrels by director Sergio Leone . Other films of the western genre also had a significant influence on the writer: "... I realized that I wanted to write my own novel, which, although it understood Tolkien's feeling for adventurous searching and magic, was set against Leone's almost absurdly majestic western background." (from the preface to glass ). Stephen King also indirectly revealed who was the model for the protagonist Roland Deschain from Gilead: Clint Eastwood , for example through references to the western Two Glorious Scoundrels . Eastwood himself embodied the lonely hero in three films by director Leone.

Another significant influence on the cycle can be attributed to the Arthurian legend, which King draws on several times and incorporates into his story. Roland's ancestor and forefather of all gunslingers ( knights ) in the land of Gilead is named Arthur Eld. The metal of his revolver was forged from the blade of the legendary sword " Excalibur ". It is therefore Roland's job to lay part of the sword at the foot of the legendary center of the beams - the dark tower.

More bonds aren't hard to find; Thus, in the fourth volume, Glas , King clearly refers to Lyman Frank Baum 's children's book The Wizard of Oz (see also the individual volumes). According to the Stephen King Lexicon, it was precisely his predilection for this story that earned the author the critically-awarded, questionable title The Wizard of Snot . The car accident that Stephen King suffered while walking in the summer of 1999 was also featured in the Dark Tower saga. It was precisely this almost fatal accident that helped King achieve the final show of strength, the final completion of the cycle around the Dark Tower. After his recovery, King took great care to complete the epic, which is also clearly illustrated in the story. In the book, King himself represents an existential role on which the continued existence of the bars and the world as it exists depends. One of the heroes of the novel next to Roland, Jake Chambers, therefore saves the life in the 7th book King, where he perishes himself.

Even Harry Potter and the George Lucas for his space saga Star Wars devised Jedi are cited several times by King, such as the Schnaatze model Harry Potter (originally the Quidditch match balls used, in this case used by the wolves of the calla weapons). The weapons used by the wolves of the calla resemble the lightsabers of the Jedi .

Reference is also made to the works of Richard Adams . The bear robot from Dead is named Shardik after the Adam's novel of the same name. The scene in which some rabbits are silflaying pays homage to Richard Adam's most famous work, Down by the River .

Linguistic borrowings can be found particularly in the fourth volume, Glass . The dialect spoken by the inhabitants speak the Barony Mejis is the Pidgin English borrowed the King in the novel The grave of the white man by Richard Dooling met.

In the last volume of the saga ( The Tower ), King quotes the nine-inch-nails song Hurt , whose basic mood of loneliness and abandonment can be found mainly on the last pages of the book. Similarities can also be found in Terry Pratchett's works, think of the mysterious turtle. Described in the Discworld novels ( Discworld ) as the star tortoise Groß A'Tuin, this in turn finds its origin in Indian mythology . According to King, she borrowed her name in the Dark Tower cycle - Maturin - from the ship's doctor Dr. Stephen Maturin from Patrick O'Brian's Master and Commander series.

filming

Stephen King sold an option to film rights to The Dark Tower for a symbolic US $ 19 to Lost director JJ Abrams . Several directors had previously expressed interest, including Frank Darabont , who had already filmed The Green Mile . King told MTV News: "This is not something I would leave anyone. So far I've said 'no' to everyone, until recently, mainly because of Lost, I thought: 'Yes, these guys can do it.' ” .

In November 2009 it was announced that Abrams had no plans to implement the material himself. He cites the long-term nature of the project and external expectations as the main reasons.

In September 2010, NBC Universal announced the final plans for The Dark Tower. The book series was to be implemented in three feature films and supported by an accompanying television series. There was to be a feature film first, followed by a television season, which the second film should build on. Then a second season was planned, which in turn should lead to the third and final film. Ron Howard was scheduled to direct the first film and season one, and Akiva Goldsman was to be the screenwriter and producer of the films and series.

The first film should come out on May 17, 2013 and Roland Deschain will be played by Javier Bardem . Nothing was known about the other occupation. On May 7, 2011, Universal announced that production had initially been stopped. In July 2011 the entire project was discontinued by the production studio, but has since been resumed. After funding from Media Rights Capital since 2012 , the role of Roland Russell Crowe was offered.

In 2015, Sony Pictures took over the project, hired Nikolaj Arcel as director and set the cinema release of The Dark Tower on January 13, 2017. In February 2016 it was announced that Roland has now been cast with Idris Elba , the Man in Black with Matthew McConaughey and that the film will primarily take place in our contemporary world. Since it became known at the same time that this first film would not be based on the first volume Black , but one of the later volumes, and Abbey Lee Kershaw was confirmed in the role of Tirana, it seems likely that it is a film adaptation of the sixth volume Susannah will act, which also fits the statement that the film should primarily take place in our world in the present. Also confirmed, albeit in a previously undisclosed role, was the engagement of Aaron Paul , who had already expressed the wish in 2012 to take on the role of Eddie Dean in a possible film adaptation, and Tom Taylor as Jake Chambers.

The accompanying television series is also still firmly planned. MRC and Sony Pictures have signed a contract to finance not just a pilot episode , but a full season of 10 to 13 episodes. The storyline of the series will mainly adapt the fourth novel in the series, Glas , with a framework story based on the first novel, Schwarz . Idris Elba and Tom Taylor will again take on their film roles, while the characters around Roland and his friends at the time will be played by younger actors in the parts of the plot that were set 20 years earlier. The director of the film, Nikolaj Arcel, and co-screenwriter Anders Thomas Jensen are working on the script for the series and will act as executive producer , the showrunner of the series has not yet been determined. The start of filming is planned for the beginning of 2017, and the broadcast should take place in 2018 as soon as possible after the film is broadcast on American cable television and streaming services.

Linkage with other works by Stephen King

Associated Works

The background of The Dark Tower and the plot are by no means limited to the eight volumes. Be it that different characters from other books appear unexpectedly, or that whole parts of the background story are packed in it.

The works of King that are directly or indirectly related to the Dark Tower cycle are outlined below. They are not absolutely necessary to understand the cycle, but it is an enrichment of this complex work if one is at least partially familiar with the contexts in which many people and motifs still appear in King.

Siding

Works by King that host subplots of the Dark Tower cycle:

  • The Stand - The last stand
    • Roland and his Ka-Tet are in the fourth volume Glas in a Topeka / Kansas, in which the plague has obviously ravaged Captain Trips from The Stand . A newspaper reports about it and the city is only populated by the victims of the disease.
    • Jake finds a note in glass on a parked motor home. Here is the note “The old woman from the dreams is in Nebraska. Her name is Abagail ”.
  • The dragon's eyes
    • Similarities with the dark tower are easy to find: the protagonist is King Roland von Delain. As in The Stand , the reader meets the person of Flagg. The Kingdom of Delain is probably a parallel universe to the dark tower, in which the world has not "moved on". The reference in “Susannah” is particularly clear in the conversation between Roland and Calvin Tower, when Roland answered this question, including those about Roland's grandfather Alaric, who went out to kill a dragon - but came too late because the dragon was already had been killed by another king, "one who was later murdered."
    • The characters Thomas and Dennis also have a brief appearance in the second part of the saga: Roland remembers how he saw the two who chased a demon named "Randall Flagg".
  • Insomnia - insomniacs
    • The young draftsman Patrick Danville, who also appears in the last book of the Dark Tower, draws a picture of a cowboy and explains: "This is Roland, he is also a king"; Danville will eventually have decisive success in the storming of the tower by Roland.
    • Quote from the book: "And in a desert that seems to be the epitome of all deserts, a man named Roland turns restlessly in his sleep under strange stars."
    • In addition, the Scarlet King appears as the evil in the book.
  • Atlantis ( low men in yellow coats )
    • One of the Breakers (Ted Brautigan) has escaped from Thunderbolt and is hiding from the low men. The youth story is about Bobby Garfield, a little boy who befriends his new neighbor (Brautigan). The ability of Brautigans, mentioned in the last volume of the tower cycle, to pass on his gift to others, plays an important role. When Brautigan is picked up by the low men, Bobby has to decide whether he wants to come to Thunderstorm with Ted.
  • Salem must burn
    • Father Callahan leaves after the attack of the vampire Barlow the small town of Jerusalem's Lot, immersed in the fifth volume Wolf moon again and said Roland as the way to Mid-World and in the Calla Bryn Sturgis found.
    • Kurt Barlow - Callahan's worst adversary - can also be found in the last three parts of the tower saga. Jake, Oy and Callahan have to rescue the kidnapped Susannah from the hands of the vampires and the low men.

References to the cycle

Works by King that contain no subplots, but are at least loosely related to the cycle:

  • Duddits
    • At one point, Mr. Gray asks Jonsey what significance the number 19 has, which has an important role in the Dark Tower cycle.
  • The Talisman (in collaboration with Peter Straub )
    • The possibility of switching to other worlds ( flipping or speeding in The Talisman ) is also available in the tower cycle. The region is also very similar to the world of Roland Deschain and his Ka-Tet.
    • Another point: When Jack Sawyer visits the princess of the region, he is told that there are doctors who do not cure their patients. A very clear reference to the short story The Little Sisters of Eluria , which also has its place in the tower cycle.
  • The Black House (in collaboration with Peter Straub )
    • There are many similarities in The Black House with Roland's story. Reference is made to Jack's Ka and a palaver is also held in a demon circle. The scarlet king also symbolizes the evil of history. With the help of the crusher, he wants to destroy the beams and thus bring the tower to collapse. At a palaver between Jack and Parkus, a protector of the territories, the last gunslinger Roland and his caste are referred to. It is said that he managed to train three more gunslingers. There is also a woman among them.
  • The Buick
    • The car that suddenly appears in front of the gas station in Pennsylvania was driven by one of the low men: a reference to the novella Low Men in Yellow Coats in the Atlantis Collection , but also to the last parts of the Tower series.
  • Regulator (as Richard Bachman )
    • The demon TAK comes from a parallel world in which Wentworth, Ohio lies - the setting of Bachman's novel. He also speaks, like the little sisters of Eluria (see the short story The Little Sisters of Eluria ), in the language of the unformed, the language of the dead.
  • Desperation
    • Here, too, TAK rages and speaks - just as in Regulator in the language of the dead.
  • It
    • Significant similarities can be found with regard to the turtle, which can be ascribed a decisive role in volumes 6 and 7; especially Jake's success in storming the Dixie Pig. In the few parts of the novel Es , which tell the story from the point of view of "It", it is often mentioned that "It" lived billions of years ago in a macroverse, along with a turtle that one day spat out the universe Has.
    • In addition, the spider is also used here as the original form of evil. Both "Es" and Mordred, Roland's evil descendant, appear in this form.
    • A robot named “Stutter Bill” also appears in the 7th volume of the cycle. A person of the same name is one of the seven main characters in Es .
    • Furthermore, the main characters at the end of "It" forget what happened, which is also implied in Susannah
  • The picture - Rose Madder
    • Rose Madder explains to the main character that it is her ka to be here.
    • The city of Lud (see DT III - Tot ) is mentioned when one of the protagonists makes the height of her age clear.
  • The monster - Tommyknockers
    • The little boy, who temporarily disappears during his brother's magic trick (which he does with one of these improved machines), appears in Roland's world and dreams of him.
  • The Fog (2007 film)
    • The picture drawn by David Drayton at the beginning of the film shows Roland and other motifs: the dark tower in the background to the left of Roland and the motif of the rose to the right of the gunslinger.
  • Ur (2009)
    • In the novella , the protagonist meets the lower men and learns something about the Dark Tower.
  • The Corpse (1982)
    • One of the four main characters goes by the surname "Chambers".
  • Pulse (2006)
    • At the end of the Phoner Apocalypse, the surviving Normies stand in front of a children's carousel called "Charlie Tschuff-Tschuff", which is a children's book in the Dark Tower.
  • The attack (2012)
    • In the fifth volume it is discussed whether the assassination attempt on John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 could be prevented by a time portal created by means of the Black Thirteen. In the novel The Attack, a man travels through a time portal to the year 1958 in order to make this attempt.

Trivia

  • The power metal band Demons & Wizards created their second album Touched By The Crimson King , from 2005, inspired by the complete works of the Dark Tower. Several songs deal with events from the volumes of the saga .
  • The German power metal band Blind Guardian also deals with the events surrounding Roland from the first three volumes of the saga in the song Somewhere Far Beyond from the album of the same name. Events from later volumes are dealt with in particular in the song Carry the Blessed Home on the album A Twist in the Myth .
  • As early as 1969, the British progressive rock group King Crimson released the album In the Court of the Crimson King with the title song of the same name. This first “scarlet king” of pop culture was also conceived by its creator Peter Sinfield as a thoroughly demonic figure, namely as a synonym for Beelzebub .
  • In 2005 the German up-and-coming death metal band Squadron released the song Way of the Gunslinger on a sampler from the Rheine Rock Union. The song deals with the gunslinger's hunt for Randall Flagg. Quotes like Aim with eye, shoot with the mind and kill with the heart represent the connections to the gloomy mid-world and the learning process of the Ka-tet.
  • The German thrash metal band Purify released the title Gunslinger on their second album Sic Transit Gloria Mundi , which deals with Roland's hunt for the Man in Black and his rising madness over Jake's death and non- death . Here, too, the gunslinger's credo forms the chorus of the song. A video was produced for this song.
  • The character Odetta Holmes is partly inspired by Odetta Holmes .

Graphic novel adaptation

After the novels planned in 30 separate volumes produced graphic novel conversion was The Dark Tower (AKA the front row: The Gunslinger Born ). So far the following have been published in German:

Secondary literature and sources

  • Marcel Feige : Stephen King Lexicon . Lexikon-Imprint-Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-89602-228-8 .
  • Robin Furth: The gateway to Stephen King's Dark Tower I – IV . Heyne, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-453-87555-9 .
  • Robin Furth: The gateway to Stephen King's Dark Tower V – VII . Heyne, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-453-40016-0 .
  • Bev Vincent: The Road to the Dark Tower. Exploring Stephen King's Magnum Opus . New American Library, New York 2004, ISBN 0-451-21304-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. popwatch.ew.com
  2. moviesblog.mtv.com
  3. moviejones.de
  4. Bardem nails 'Tower' saga , nypost.com, accessed April 27, 2011.
  5. Russ Fischer: Universal Won't Make Ron Howard's 'The Dark Tower'. / Film, July 18, 2011, accessed July 19, 2011 .
  6. The Dark Tower: Production Studio Treads the Brakes, serienjunkies.de, accessed on May 8, 2011.
  7. Russ Fischer: Media Rights Capital is Ready to Finance Ron Howard's 'The Dark Tower'. Announcement by Slashfilm.com of August 21, 2012.
  8. Peter Sciretta: Stephen King's 'Dark Tower' Directed By Nikolaj Arcel to Hit Theaters In January 2017. / Film, August 5, 2015, accessed on August 26, 2015 .
  9. Urbalejo, Rush (2016). 'The Dark Tower' Has Found Its Leads But Has Lost Its Way , nerdbastards.com, March 1, 2016
  10. ^ Breznican, Anthony (2016). The Dark Tower rises , Entertainment Weekly, February 29, 2016
  11. Fleming Jr, Mike (2016). Abbey Lee In Talks To Play Tirana In 'The Dark Tower' , Deadline.com, February 18, 2016
  12. ^ Cowen, Trace William (2016). Aaron Paul Reportedly Set to Join Stephen King's 'The Dark Tower' , Complex UK, March 8, 2016
  13. ^ Kroll, Justin (2016). 'Dark Tower' Taps newcomer Tom Taylor for Jake Chambers Role (EXCLUSIVE) , Variety.com, March 10, 2016
  14. ^ Anthony Breznican: The Dark Tower TV series will adapt Stephen King's Wizard and Glass. In: Entertainment Weekly . September 21, 2016, accessed September 25, 2016 .