Derby (equestrian sport)
The term derby (pronunciation British [ ˈdɑːbɪ ] or US-American [ ˈdɜrbi ]) is used today for various tests and competitions in equestrian sport . It goes back to the horse race , which was held for the first time on the Epsom Downs racecourse in England in 1780 and was established by the 12th Earl of Derby as a performance comparison for three-year-old thoroughbred horses . It was later followed by comparable breeding races in other countries.
In addition to the classic horse races, there are now a number of other tests in various riding and equestrian sports as derby, the term of which has also established itself in other sports .
Derby in horse racing
In horse riding, a derby is a horse race named after the derby in Epsom in England. The derby is the most important of the classic flat races in the various countries and the most important breeding test for thoroughbred horses (for English thoroughbreds as well as trotters and Arabs ), in which three-year-old horses run under the same weight, with mares having a slightly lower weight to carry. This system of performance tests, which originated in England, has been adopted worldwide. In most countries the derby is a triple crown test .
The internationally known English Derby (actually Derby Stakes ) has been held in Epsom over a distance of 2,423 meters in England since 1780 .
In the course of the 19th century, almost all states that practice thoroughbred breeding followed the English example. This is how the Prix du Jockey Club came into being in France in 1836 ; in Ireland after some precursors in 1866 the Irish Derby . In 1868 the Derby in Vienna was founded in Austria and in 1869 the German Derby in Hamburg . The German Derby is traditionally held on the first Sunday of July parallel to the Irish Derby in the Horn district of Hamburg on the Horner Rennbahn . In England and France the date is usually in June and in the United States ( Kentucky Derby ) in May.
The length of the circuit varies a bit. The German Derby traditionally leads over 2400 meters, the French Derby since 2005 over 2100 meters (previously also 2400 meters), the Kentucky Derby over 1¼ miles (2011 m) and the Irish Derby over 2414 meters.
Today there are also derbies for mares in many other countries, such as the Irish Oaks in Ireland, the Prix de Diane in France and the Diana Prize in Germany.
Like the derby in Epsom, which became a major social event, elsewhere, in particular, the gallop derbies developed into numerous well-attended events that, in addition to enthusiastic spectators and horse lovers, also became meeting places for the leading social classes.
| Surname | place | distance | Restrictions | first discharge |
meeting | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Derby | Arlington Park , Arlington Heights, Illinois , USA | 1 3/16 miles | 1884 | Group III races, location and distance have changed, only held once from 1905 to 1925 | ||
| Australian Derby (also AJC Derby) | Randwick Racecourse , Sydney | 2400 m | 3 year old | 1861 | second half of March or early April | Group I races |
| Bangalore Derby | 2,400 m | 4 year olds & older | ||||
| Epsom Derby (also The Derby , Derby Stakes , English Derby ) | Epson Racecourse , England | 2,423 m (1 mile, 4 furlongs, and 10 yards) | 3 year old stallions and mares | 1780 | 1st Saturday in June. | Group I races, before 1995 on the 1st Wednesday of June |
| Prix du Jockey Club (also French Derby ) | Chantilly Racecourse | 2100 | 3 year old stallions and mares | 1836 | at the beginning of June | Group I races |
| German derby | Horner Racecourse , Hamburg | 2400 m | 3 year old stallions and mares | 1869 | beginning of July | Group I races |
| Hong Kong Derby | Sha Tin Racecourse | 2000 m | 4 year old | 1873 | middle of March | Group I races |
| Derby Italiano | Capannelle Racecourse | 2200 | 1884 | Group II races | ||
| Indian Derby | Mahalaxmi Racecourse , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India | 2400 m | 4 year old | 1943 | 1st Sunday in February | |
| Irish Derby | The Curragh , County Kildare , Ireland | 1½ miles | 3 year old | 1866 | Last Sunday in June | Group I races, the date has changed, but always at the end of June or the beginning of July |
| Kentucky Derby | Churchill Downs , Louisville, Kentucky , USA | 1¼ miles | 3 year old | 1875 | 1st Saturday in May | Group I races |
| New Zealand Derby | Ellerslie Racecourse , Auckland | 2400 m | 3yr olds | 1860 | 1st Saturday in March | Group I races |
| Queensland Derby | Group I races | |||||
| Singapore Derby | Kranji Racecourse | 2000 m | 4 year old | 1880 | Mid-July | Group I races |
|
Tokyo Yushun Japanese Derby |
Tokyo Racecourse | 2400 m | 3 year old stallions and mares | 1932 | second half of May or early June | Group I races, currently the most heavily endowed derby |
| Victoria Derby | Flemington Racecourse , Melbourne | 2500 m | 3 year old | 1855 | Distance has changed |
Trotter Derby
German trotting derby is a trotting for three-year-old domestic horses over 1900 meters. It is a Group I race for which the horses qualify in the heats. It was held for the first time on May 23, 1895. Since 1954 it has been held annually on the first Sunday in August on the Mariendorf harness racing track in Berlin .
| Surname | place | distance | Restrictions | first discharge |
meeting | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Svenskt Travderby (Swedish Trotter Derby) | Jägersro Racetrack, Malmo | 2640 m | 4 year old | 1928 | 1st Sunday in September | national group I trotting race |
| German trotting derby | Berlin-Mariendorf | 1900 m | 3 year old | 1895 | 1st Sunday in August | national group I trotting, for domestic horses |
| Austrian trotting derby | Trabrennpark Krieau , Vienna | 2600 m | 4 year old | 1884 | Mid / end of June | national trotting, breeding races, for domestic horses |
Derbies in show jumping and dressage
In show jumping, derby is the term used to describe those jumps that differ from the usual parcours in that they are particularly long and use natural jumps and many terrain obstacles (walls, hollows, ricks with ditches). They place less technical than psychological demands on horse and rider. They basically lead over grass floors.
Known and with a long tradition are u. a. the English Derby in Hickstead , the Dutch in Valkenswaard and the German Spring Derby in Hamburg, which has been held since 1920 . The jumping derby in the Hamburg district of Klein Flottbek has an almost unchanged 1230 m long and demanding course , the obstacles of which (including the powder man's grave, which is known beyond equestrian sports ) are copied from nature.
Since 1955 (with interruptions) dressage has also been represented as a derby in Hamburg-Klein Flottbek. The German Dressage Derby will be held there parallel to the German Jumping Derby . This is a dressage test with horse change.
Driving derby
The German Driving Derby was first held in 1950, parallel to the German Jumping Derby in Hamburg. Today the Surenburg in Hörstel-Riesenbeck is the venue for this driving event.
The program of the early years differed significantly from today's tasks. In addition to the dressage tests, traction tests were carried out for the individual horses. These parts of the program took place in Elmshorn . The last partial test was a performance drive as the forerunner of today's marathons , which began in Elmshorn and ended at the tournament site in Hamburg-Klein Flottbek.
At the end of the 1950s, the driving derby's performance drive came under fire after horses had been put to shame due to excessive driving. Over the years, the competitive driving in driving sports developed from a competition, which was based on a ride with a team on roads and paths, to a sporting event. In place of road obstacles (barriers, etc.), complex combinations have emerged today.
After the German Driving Derby, similar to the German Dressage Derby, was outsourced within Hamburg and was partially canceled, the venue changed. From the 1990s it took place in Starnberg-Landstetten . Due to financing problems, the location also came to an end, and in 2002 Riesenbeck was awarded the contract for the derby. Since the world championship for four-in-hand drivers took place in Riesenbeck in 2012 , the German driving derby made a guest appearance at the CHI Donaueschingen . In 2015, the German Nations Cup tournament was held once in Aachen in Riesenbeck, and the driving derby has been taking place in Donaueschingen since then.
Until 2012, the German driving derby consisted of five partial tests. In contrast to other combined tests in driving sports, tests with two-in-hand and four-in-hand drivers were carried out as part of the driving derby. These were the following tests:
- Usage test for couples (assessment of basic gaits , driving training as instructed by the judges)
- Dressage test for pairs ( driving dressage )
- Dressage test for four in hand
- Off-road ride for four-in-hand drivers ("marathon ride")
- Obstacle ride for four-in-hand drivers ("cone driving")
Since 2013 the pair tests have been dispensed with, the "hunt for points" was introduced as a replacement as a new partial test. Each driver can freely choose his or her way through the obstacle course. Thus, the derby consists of the following tests:
- Dressage test for four in hand
- Hunt for points for four in hand
- Off-road ride for four-in-hand drivers ("marathon ride")
- Obstacle ride for four-in-hand drivers ("cone driving")
Derby in eventing equestrian sport
Much less well known than the derbies in the aforementioned disciplines is that the German Versatility Derby also took place in 2001, 2003 and 2004 at the Horner Rennbahn in Hamburg . This was a short versatility test (CIC) at an international 3 * level. A special feature was a water passage, which - unlike usual - was chest high.
literature
- A new dictionary of eponyms, Morton S. Freeman, 1997, Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-509354-2
- Crown jewels of thoroughbred racing: original paintings, Richard Stone Reeves, 1997, Eclipse Press, ISBN 0-939049-90-2
- America From Apple Pie To Ziegfeld Follies Book One: People, Kirk Schreifer, John Sivell, 1996, Full Blast Productions, ISBN 1-895451-17-5
- The Hidden Places of East Anglia: Including Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and Cambridgeshire, Barbara Vesey, 2003, Travel Publishing, ISBN 1-902007-91-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Page 134 , Crown Jewels of Thoroughbred Racing: Original Paintings by Richard Stone Reeves, David Ashforth
- ^ Sun Kingdom wins Bangalore Derby.Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ Derby getting bigger and better , Kalyan Ashok, July 11, 2010, The Hindu
- ↑ Driving derby: No talk of torture? , Der Spiegel , July 22, 1959
- ^ First German driving derby in Donaueschingen 2012
- ^ Riesenbeck International: The story of a classic ... 50 years of the German driving derby
- ^ Program German Driving Derby / Riesenbeck International 2010
- ^ Two titles for Georg von Stein , Jan Kappelhoff / Westfälische Nachrichten , August 4, 2014
- ↑ Riesenbeck International 2013 with many innovations: Hunting for points in the driving derby - comeback of the pony four-in-hand , reiterverein-riesenbeck.de
- ↑ Last Olympic test for eventing riders , Christoph Plass for Die Welt , July 25, 2004
- ↑ Buschreiter.de current: CIC *** Hamburg-Horn - First three-star victory for Franzky ( Memento from January 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Archive reports 2003 : Jörgen Köhlbrandt nominated for the "Germans", Kai Rüder third in the eventing derby , Fehmarnscher Ringreiterverein
- ↑ German eventing derby should become an integral part: Much praise for the construction of the terrain ( memento of March 18, 2004 in the Internet Archive ), Rainer Leymann for verseitigkeitsreiten.de