German Brazilian

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German-Brazilians contributed to the reclamation of southern Brazil

German-Brazilian (in Portuguese scientific: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro , colloquial : alemão ) are the inhabitants of Brazil with German roots. Another name is Brazilians of German descent ( Brasileiros de ascendência alemã ).

The classification can be made according to language , ethnicity , nationality or place of birth and differs depending on the criterion used. German-Brazilians live mainly in the extreme south and south-east of the country in the states of Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina , Paraná , São Paulo and Espírito Santo , but are partly scattered all over the country.

The number of German-born Brazilians is usually given between 2 and 5 million (the numbers vary widely). Due to the strong intermingling of parts of the German-Brazilian population, it is assumed that up to 12 million Brazilians have at least some German ancestors. About 600,000 people (other sources speak of 1.5 million) speak German as their mother tongue (but in general they also have Portuguese as their second mother tongue). In Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul , German-Brazilians make up almost 40% of the population. In individual cities the proportion is significantly higher.

German-Brazilians are Brazilian citizens. Only a small number of people have German or other citizenship from the German-speaking area and live in Brazil.

German language

I love Blumenau , in front of the Blumenau town hall , Santa Catarina , Brazil .

The information on the number of German speakers fluctuates very strongly. At least half a million people have German as their mother tongue. Many German-Brazilian people understand German more or less well, but use Portuguese as an everyday language. The vast majority of German-Brazilians hardly speak the language of their German ancestors.

Various German and Low German dialects are spoken in Brazil. B. Riograndenser Hunsrückisch , Plautdietsch and Swabian . Before the Second World War , the proportion of German speakers was much higher. With the policy of the Estado Novo under Getúlio Vargas (1937–1954) a nationalization campaign was carried out in Brazil and the assimilation process was promoted; the use of languages ​​other than Portuguese was no longer permitted in schools and sometimes in public. When Brazil entered the war on August 22, 1942 on the side of the Allies , the situation of the German-speaking population deteriorated further, as anti-German policies were pursued and the German language was banned. Although the ban was only in effect for five years, it was very effective, so that today German is mostly only spoken in family and friends.

immigration

German immigration to Brazil : Rio Grande do Sul from 1824 to 1969
  decade
nationality 1824-47 1848-72 1872-79 1880-89 1890-99 1900-09 1910-19 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69
German 8,176 19,523 14,325 18,901 17,084 13,848 25.902 75,801 27,497 6,807 16,643 5,659
This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The descendants of former native-speaking German-speaking immigrants (ethnic Germans), mostly from the former and present Central European German-speaking area: Germany , Austria , German-speaking Switzerland , but also Russian- Germans such as the Volga Germans and Bessarabian Germans , who especially from the 1870s in the Campos Gerais, become the German-Brazilian do Paraná settled, counted. In the official documents of the empire all were classified as Germans "who arrived on ships from German ports, including Swiss, Norwegians, Russians, Poles and many others".

German heritage

Due to increasing assimilation , the German language and culture in Brazil are slowly but steadily declining. In his dissertation, Lothar Wieser showed that the First World War was a deep turning point for the Germans in southern Brazil; until then they spoke only German in the German (gymnastics) clubs and churches, so Germany was now viewed differently and in church and club more and more Portuguese spoken. However, individual parts of the culture flow into Brazilian society through assimilation processes. The best known is probably the Oktoberfest in Blumenau , which is the second largest such festival outside of Germany and is said to be the second largest folk festival in Brazil after the Carnival in Rio . But today's strong economic relations between Brazil and Germany can be attributed to a not insignificant part to historical relations between the German-Brazilians and their former mother country.

Today there is an increasing intermingling, especially with descendants of other European emigrants (Portuguese and Italians). Protestant German-Brazilians in particular are still trying to partially preserve their German heritage.

Well-known German-Brazilians

Switzerland in Brazil: Nova Friburgo (RJ) was founded by Swiss
Supermodel Gisele Bündchen (2007)
Florian Essenfelder - piano manufacturer

literature

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: German-Brazilian  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Neiva Otero Schäffer: Os alemães no Rio Grande do Sul: dos números iniciais aos censos demográficos. In: Cláudia Mauch, Naira Vasconcellos (ed.): Os alemães no sul do Brasil. Cultura, etnicidade, história. Editora da ULBRA, Canoas 1994, pp. 163–183, here p. 165 ( limited preview in Google book search). (Table p. 165 reprinted in: Valdir Gregory: Imigração alemã. Formação de uma comunidade teuto-brasileira. In: Brasil. 500 anos de povoamento. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2007, ISBN 978-85-240-3940- 9 , pp. 143–157, here p. 145. (PDF; 17.14 MB)).
  2. ↑ João Klug: We German Brazilians. German immigration and the development of a German-Brazilian identity in southern Brazil. In: Tópicos , 1/2004, p. 26.
  3. ↑ Lothar Wieser: German gymnastics in Brazil: German emigration and the development of the German-Brazilian gymnastics up to 1917. (= contributions and sources on sport and society. Volume 4). Arena Publ., London 1990, ISBN 0-902175-49-1 .
  4. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com): Friendship and Ban - a German-Brazilian community of fate in the turmoil of World War II | DW | 05/05/2014. Retrieved October 8, 2018 .