German-Romanian relations

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German-Romanian relations
Location of Germany and Romania
GermanyGermany RomaniaRomania
Germany Romania

The states of Germany and Romania established diplomatic relations on February 20, 1880 and with the Federal Republic of Germany on January 31, 1967.

They are both members of the Council of Europe , the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe , NATO , the European Union and the Schengen area (Romania is a partial user state, border controls have not yet been abolished). There is also cooperation on the Danube Region Strategy and the Eastern Partnership .

Romania has an embassy in Berlin and consulates general in Bonn , Munich and Stuttgart . Honorary consuls are active in Hamburg , Leipzig and Neustadt an der Weinstrasse . Germany operates an embassy in Bucharest , a consulate general in Sibiu and a consulate in Timișoara .

history

State visit by Ion Antonescu to Adolf Hitler in Munich 1941

On October 30, 1883, the Roman Empire joined the Triple Alliance , a defensive alliance between the German Empire , Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Italy , which existed until 1915. In 1916 Romania entered the First World War as an ally of the Triple Entente . German troops then occupied the Romanian capital Bucharest .

Romania turned to the German Empire in the 1930s , fearing a revision of the territories acquired by Hungary and Bulgaria in World War I. Germany, in turn, was dependent on Romanian oil deliveries. In October 1938 the German Reich mediated territorial disputes between Romania, Hungary and Slovakia. On August 30, 1940, Romania was forced by the German Reich and Italy with the Second Vienna Arbitration to cede part of Transylvania to Hungary . After the Romanian King Charles II. War Minister Ion Antonescu appointed the new Prime Minister on September 4, 1940 and abdicated, Antonescu built a fascist military dictatorship from January 1941, joined the three-power pact and joined the Axis powers . In 1941, during the Second World War , Romania and its 3rd Army took part in the initially successful German campaign against the Soviet Union in order to recapture its previously lost parts of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina.

The Romanian government was actively involved in the murder of around 270,000 Romanian Jews as part of the Nazi genocide. When the Red Army launched a major attack on Romania in the summer of 1944 , King Michael I dismissed Antonescu after the royal coup on August 23, 1944, switched sides and declared war on the German Empire on August 25. In the fight against Germany, Romania suffered further losses in Transylvania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

Between 1967 and 1989, the Federal Republic of Germany paid according to estimates over a billion German marks for the ransom of Romanian Germans and allowed 226,654 Germans in Romania a departure from that time under the rule of Communist Romania Party standing Romania .

In 1992 the two states signed a friendship treaty.

Economic relationships

Germany is Romania's most important trading partner. 18.6 percent of Romanian exports are delivered to Germany. The German-Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry was established on September 5, 2002 and is based in Bucharest.

Cultural relations

Sometimes influenced by the German minority in Romania, there are several cultural similarities between the people of both countries. An agreement on cultural cooperation has existed between Germany and Romania since 1995. An agreement on school cooperation was also concluded in 1996.

Diplomatic exchange

Among other things, the then German President Horst Köhler paid a visit to Romania in July 2007 and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel to the NATO summit in April 2008. In 2010, the then German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle traveled to Romania in July and the Chancellor in October. Romanian President Traian Băsescu visited Berlin in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010 for the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall and in 2011. In October 2012, Romanian Foreign Minister Titus Corlățean traveled to Berlin and Prime Minister Victor Ponta in May 2013.

In addition, official visits were made to Romania by the Prime Ministers of German federal states, for example in May 2010 by the Bavarian Prime Minister Horst Seehofer and in October 2011 by the Baden-Württemberg Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann .

See also

Web links

Commons : German-Romanian Relations  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diplomatic Relations of Romania (English) . Romania, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  2. ↑ Brief History of Political Relations . Embassy of Romania, Berlin. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Political Relations between Germany and Romania , Foreign Office.
  4. ^ Institutional presence (German and Romanian) . Embassy of Romania, Berlin. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  5. ↑ German Embassy Bucharest (German and Romanian) . Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  6. ^ History of Romania , German-Romanian forum.
  7. ^ Romania as an ally of the German Empire
  8. ^ German Historical Museum : Romania as an ally of the German Reich , accessed on June 16, 2013.