Elyit
| Elyit | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
IMA 1971-043 |
| chemical formula | Pb 4 Cu [O 2 | (OH) 4 | SO 4 ] • H 2 O |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulphates (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates and tungstates) |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
7.DF.65 ( 8th edition : VI / B.10) 01/30/02/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | monoclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m |
| Space group | P 2 1 / c (No. 14) |
| Lattice parameters |
a = 14.23 Å ; b = 11.53 Å; c = 14.61 Å β = 100.4 ° |
| Formula units | Z = 8 |
| Frequent crystal faces | {100}, { 5 01}, {120}, {310}, {211} |
| Twinning | often after {100} |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: ≈6; calculated: 6.232 |
| Cleavage | good after {100} |
| colour | violet |
| Line color | light purple to white |
| transparency | transparent |
| shine | Silky gloss |
| Crystal optics | |
| Refractive indices |
n α = 1.990 n β = 1.993 n γ = 1.994 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.004 |
| Optical character | biaxial negative |
| Axis angle | 2V = 66 ° (measured); 58 ° (calculated) |
| Pleochroism | dark to light purple |
Elyite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfates (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates and wolframates)". It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the chemical composition Pb 4 Cu [O 2 | (OH) 4 | SO 4 ] · H 2 O, so it is a water-containing lead - copper sulphate with additional hydroxide ions .
Elyite is transparent and only develops small, tabular or needle-like to prismatic crystals up to about one millimeter in length. These are usually arranged in radial or tufted mineral aggregates or form fibrous and matted mats with a striking purple color and a silky sheen .
Etymology and history
This mineral was discovered in 1964 in the "Ward Mine" (also "Silver King Mine") near Ward in White Pine County of the US state Nevada. It was fully described as a new mineral in 1972 by Sidney A. Williams. It was named Elyit in honor of John H. Ely, an adventurer, prospector and founder of a mining company from the 19th century.
The type material of the mineral is kept in the Natural History Museum in London (register no. 1972,193).
classification
In the meanwhile outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Elyite belonged to the department of "Anhydrous sulfates, with foreign anions ", where together with Chenite , Grandviewite , Linarite , Mammothite , Munakatait and Schmiederit , it belongs to the unnamed group VI / B.10 made.
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns Elyite to the category of "Sulphates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H 2 O". However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section “With large and medium-sized cations”, where it is the only member of the unnamed group 7.DF.65 .
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Elyite to the class of "sulfates, chromates and molybdates" and there in the category of "anhydrous sulfates with hydroxyl or halogen". Here he is the only member of the unnamed group 01/30/02 within the sub-section “ Anhydrous sulfates with hydroxyl or halogen and (AB) m (XO 4 ) p Z q , with m: p> 2: 1 ”.
Crystal structure
Elyite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group P 2 1 / c (space group no. 14) with the lattice parameters a = 14.23 Å , b = 11.53 Å, c = 14.61 Å and β = 100.4 ° as well as eight formula units per unit cell .
The color is given by the copper ions , which are surrounded by four square oxygen ions in a planar manner.
The crystals are elongated along the crystallographic b axis [010] and tabular towards c with the dominant shape {001}.
Education and Locations
Elyite forms secondarily in the oxidation zone of sulphide deposits and is often found on heaps and in slag. As accompanying minerals may include Anglesite , chalcopyrite , Cerussite , galena , Langit , Minium , pyrite , sphalerite and Serpierit occur.
As a rare mineral formation, Elyite could only be detected at a few sites, with around 80 sites being known to date (as of 2013). Its type locality "Ward Mine" (also "Silver King Mine") in White Pine County (Nevada) is so far the only site in the USA , since the " Silver Hill Mine" in Davidson County (North Carolina) is still another possible site has not been confirmed.
In Germany, the mineral has so far been known mainly from the Black Forest, such as in Badenweiler -Sehringen, in the Münstertal and the Clara mine near Oberwolfach. Other well-known sites in Germany include the slag heaps near Richelsdorf in Hesse, the Glücksrad mines near Clausthal-Zellerfeld and Duke Julius near Astfeld as well as the slag heaps of the Lautenthal silver smelter in Lower Saxony, the slag heaps of the lead, copper and zinc smelters near Bönkhausen , Flandersbach near Heiligenhaus , Hüsten , Kall , Ramsbeck , Stolberg (Rhineland) and Zimmerseifen in North Rhine-Westphalia as well as the Neue Hope mine near Bleialf , the lead-silver slag dumps near Braubach and the Friedrichssegen mine and the slag dumps of the Virneberg mine near Rheinbreitbach in Rhineland- Palatinate.
In Austria, Elyit was able to work in the slag heaps near Waitschach and Sankt Martin am Silberberg / Hüttenberg in Carinthia, in the Hüttwinkltal ( Raurisertal ) and in the cadastral municipality of Schellgaden / Muhr in Salzburg, near Walchen (municipality Öblarn ) in Styria and on the slag heaps of Montanwerke Brixlegg can be found in Tyrol.
Other locations are among others in Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Namibia, South Africa and the United Kingdom (UK).
See also
literature
- Sidney A. Williams: Elyite, Basic Leand-Copper Sulfate, A New Mineral From Nevada . In: American Mineralogist . tape 57 , 1972, p. 364–367 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 230 kB ; accessed on October 28, 2017]).
- R. Miyawaki, S. Matsubara, E. Hashimoto: Elyite from Mizuhiki Mine, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan . In: Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series C . tape 23 , 1997, pp. 27–33 ( full text ).
- Uwe Kolitsch, G. Giester: Elyite, Pb 4 Cu (SO 4 ) O 2 (OH) 4 * H 2 O: Crystal structure and new data . In: American Mineralogist . tape 85 , 2000, pp. 1816–1821 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 36 kB ]).
- Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 602 (first edition: 1891).
- Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p. 682 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 409 .
- ↑ Webmineral - Elyite (Eng.)
- ↑ a b Sidney A. Williams: Elyite, Basic Lead-Copper Sulfate, A New Mineral From Nevada . In: American Mineralogist . tape 57 , 1972, p. 366 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 230 kB ; accessed on October 28, 2017]).
- ↑ a b c d Elyite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 69 kB ; accessed on October 28, 2017]).
- ↑ a b c d e Mindat - Elyite
- ↑ Mineral Atlas: Elyite (occurrence)
- ↑ Mindat - Elyite from Silver Hill Mine, Silver Hill, Cid District, Carolina Slate Belt, Davidson Co., North Carolina, USA
- ↑ Find location list for Elyite at the Mineralienatlas and at Mindat