Eschach (Aitrach)
|
Eschach (Niebel, Nibel) |
||
 View from the headwaters of the Eschach south-east over the |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 11462 | |
| location |
Swabian-Bavarian Prealps
|
|
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Aitrach → Iller → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | in the Buchenberg Forest at Ursersberg near Buchenberg - Eschach 47 ° 42 ′ 29 ″ N , 10 ° 11 ′ 18 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 1092 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | Confluence with the Wurzacher Ach to the Aitrach near Leutkirch - Lauben Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 15 ″ N , 10 ° 1 ′ 55 ″ E 47 ° 52 ′ 15 ″ N , 10 ° 1 ′ 55 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 625.1 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 466.9 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 13 ‰ | |
| length | 34.8 km | |
| Catchment area | 131.889 km² | |
| Left tributaries | see below | |
| Right tributaries | see below | |
| Small towns | Leutkirch in the Allgäu | |
| Communities | Buchenberg | |
The Eschach , also known as the Niebel or Nibel at the top and bottom , is the 34.8 km long, southeastern and orographically right source river of the Aitrach . It flows in the Allgäu in the Bavarian district of Oberallgäu and in the Baden-Württemberg district of Ravensburg in western to northern directions and unites near Leutkirch im Allgäu with the 24.3 km long Wurzacher Ach to the Aitrach.
Surname
On the upper course for at least two and a half kilometers and on the lower course for a little more than the last three kilometers from Leutkirch- Niederhofen , the Eschach is still sometimes called Niebel or Nibel , a name from which the original name of the Nibelgau area is derived . To the right of the so-called Unterlauf there is also a settlement area Nibelhöfe in the urban area of Leutkirch .
geography
course
The Eschach rises in the Bavarian district of Oberallgäu in the Gfall Tobel around 1000 m west of Buchenberg - Eschach in the east of the Buchenberger Forest , which connects east to north with Adelegg , which is located immediately north of the Alps . Its source, located on the south- eastern flank of the Ursersberg (approx. 1129 m above sea level ), is around 1092 m above sea level - 2.5 km from Änger ( 1125.1 m ) in the west-north-west and about 2 km from Hohenkapf ( 1122 m ) in the south-south-west ; the Eschacher Weiher is about 1 km south of the origin.
The course of the Eschach turns to the west before the pond mentioned and then flows, now border to the Baden-Württemberg district of Ravensburg, along the more and more eastern slope of the main ridge of the Adelegg via Buchenberg- Kreuzthal to the north until it reaches the Schmidsfelden district of Leutkirch takes the Kürnach from the right ; henceforth it runs in the district of Ravensburg.
The Eschach then flows through the Leutkirch district of Emerlanden and continues in a wide and flat valley in directions between west and north, past, among other things, the Leutkirch districts of Winterstetten and Friesenhofen . Above Leutkirch, it flows about 6 km in length up to 2 m above the ground level. Then it crosses the city center of Leutkirch to the north and then flows through between the districts of Milan and Niederhofen .
530 m west-north-west of the Lauben located off the river, the Eschach joins the Wuchzenhofen district of Leutkirch at an altitude of 625.1 m with the Wurzacher Ach coming from the left to the Aitrach tributary of the Iller .
Natural allocation
The Eschach flows in the natural spatial main unit group Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Isar (No. 02) and in the main unit Adelegg (023) only through the subunit Hohe (Südliche) Adelegg (023.0). At Leutkirch- Rinnebühl it finally changes to the natural area Rinne von Altmannshofen-Großholzleute (041.33), but at Leutkirch- Milan it runs along the border to the natural area Leutkircher Heide (041.32); Both natural areas belong to the main unit group Donau-Iller-Lech-Platte / n (No. 04) and in the main unit Riß-Aitrach-Platten (041) to the sub-unit gravel channels and old moraine plates in the area around Adelegg (041.3).
Catchment area
The catchment area of the Eschach is 131.858 km² and has roughly the shape of a dumbbell with a wasp waist oriented from southeast to northeast on the short west run between Winterstetten and Friesenhofen. After the immediate catchment area of the receiving Aitrach in the north, the drainage area of the Lautracher Ach closes in the east , which, like the Aitrach, drains from the left to the Iller . In the southernmost area of the right watershed, east of the Buchenberg Forest, its own catchment area borders directly. In the south the watershed runs briefly against the Wengener Argen , then for a long time in the southwest against its receiving water Untere Argen , then very briefly against the Wolfegger Ach; on this part of the watershed, it is also part of the European main watershed between the Black Sea and the Atlantic , because the Eschach itself ultimately drains over the Danube to the Black Sea. Finally, the other, left Aitrach upper course, Wurzacher Ach, flows in the northwest .
The highest point in the catchment area is the Großer Schwedenschanze , which is over 1126 m high and close to the source, just before the southeastern watershed. The more well-known Änger ( 1125.1 m ) is located a little to the west in the southeastern end of the catchment area-Hantel, which is predominantly forested and very sparsely populated, and its foothills are surrounded by the upper reaches of the Eschach in the south. In the other, north-western part of the catchment area, which is significantly lower, the open corridor predominates, here is also the largest place Leutkirch in the Allgäu with a few larger villages at a distance.
Tributaries
List of tributaries and lakes ( 
) from source to mouth:
Length of water, lake area as well as catchment area and mouth height in meters (m) above mean sea level according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted. Incoming names in brackets represent missing proper names.
- After a short south run, the Eschach turns from the source to the west run
- (Stream from the rock gorge ), from the right and north, 1.2 km
- (Bach from Hohenkapf ), from left and south, 1.0 km
- (Stream from the Schindelgehren-Tobel ), from left and south, 1.0 km
- (Stream from the Ilmentobel (upper course) and the Langentobel (lower course)), from the right and north, 1.7 km
- (Bach from the Gewann Schönbuchen ), from the left and south, 0.7 km
- (Stream from the western Schönbuchen ), from the left and south-southeast, 1.2 km
- (Stream from the eastern slope of the Sephenhöhe ), from the right and north at the first house in Buchenberg- Eschachthal , 0.9 km
- Rotenbach , from the left and southwest shortly thereafter, 2.4 km and 2.0 km²
- (Bach from the Riederstobel ), from left and southwest, 1.6 km
The Eschach is a little earlier and now longer the border river from Bavaria (right) to Baden-Württemberg (left) -
Schustertobelbach , from the right and northeast, 1.0 km
From here the Eschach slowly turns to the north - (Bach), from the right and northeast, 0.7 km
- Kreuzbach , from the right and east-northeast in Buchenberg- Kreuzthal , 3.3 km and 3.3 km²
- Eisenbach , from the left and south in Isny im Allgäu in Baden-Württemberg on the opposite side - Eisenbach , 4.1 km and 4.7 km²
-
Butzaustobelbach , from the left and south-west at 804.3 m height, 1.1 km
Here the Eschach has reached its first northern run - (Bach between Göhrersberg and Stierberg ), from the right and east-southeast, 0.7 km
- (Bach from the Sehntobel ), from the left and southwest to 792.3 m height, 1.3 km
- (Bach from the Balthasartobel ), from the right and southeast, 1.1 km
- Ulmertalbach , from the right and east at an altitude of 784.8 m opposite Isny- Blockwiesen , 3.1 km and 3.3 km²
- Herrenberger Tobelbach , from the left and south-west at an altitude of 776.7 m , 1.6 km and 1.0 km²
-
Passes a pond on the left of the course between Leutkirch im Allgäu - Rinnebühl and Leutkirch- Wald , 0.6 ha. - Wagenbach , from the left and southwest at 761.5 m height immediately after the pond, 2.5 km and 1.5 km²
-
Kürnach , from the right and east across from Leutkirch- Schmidsfelden , 10.6 km and 20.7 km²
Here the Eschach changes in the approximate last inflow direction of the Kürnach to northwest, leaves the border line and flows into Baden-Württemberg - Emerlander Weiherbach , from the left and east-southeast near Leutkirch- Emerlanden von Isny, 0.5 km. Left Mühlkanal, which descends previously at a height of 749.8 m .
-
Passes the Emerlander Weiher , which is on the left at a distance below the valley slope, 0.9 ha.
- Emerlandengraben , from the right and northeast through the right-chess Emerlanden, 1.1 km
- Emerlander Mühlbach , from the left and southeast to the Emerlander Mühle von Leutkirch, 0.8 km. Mühlgraben, which goes off the Eschach shortly before the previous tributary.
- (Bach from the Remsentobel ), from the right and east between Leutkirch- Winterstetten and Leutkirch- Friesenhofen , 4.4 km and 3.4 km²
From here the Eschach runs west and enters a wide valley floor -
Fetzachgraben , from the left and southwest, 4.7 km and 5.4 km². Drains the Taufach and Fetzachmoos nature reserve with Urseen .
From here the Eschach runs again at least roughly to the north - → (exit of a side ditch), immediately afterwards to the left, which runs through the 0.8 hectare holiday pond and then in Leutkirch-Urlau in the left-chess town of Leutkirch-Urlau receives a 1.7 km long inflow from the west of northwest of Leutkirch- Missen .
- ← (return of the side ditch), from the left in Leutkirch-Urlau in left Chess, 1.1 km
- → (exit of the Rauns ), to the left and northwest to 674.4 m altitude between Leutkirch- Haselburg and Leutkirch- Allmishofen . The largest tributary is the 4.8 km long Nellenbach from the left and south at an altitude of 665.2 m near Leutkirch- Herlazhofen .
- Allmishofer Bach , from the right and southeast near Allmishofen, 1.4 km
- Stadtbach , from the right as well as - on the main line of the LUBW with different section names, apparently constructed according to a larger upper course length and not according to a larger sub-catchment area - from the northeast on the southeast edge of the city center of Leutkirch im Allgäu , 5.5 km on the main line and 17.1 km². With section names Schorniggelbach → Floschen → Stadtweiher → Stadtbach . Flows through the 17.9 hectare town pond on the outskirts .
- Schlotterbach , from the right and northeast in Leutkirch, northwest of the city center on the Leutkirch – Memmingen railway line , 2.9 km on the main line and 2.3 km².
- ← (Return of the Rauns ), from the left and south at a height of 646.4 m between industrial buildings on the north-western edge of Leutkirch, 6.3 km on the main line and 22.3 km².
- (Bach from Schanzbühl in the Lower Forest ), from the right and southeast near Leutkirch- Niederhofen , 2.5 km on the main line and 1.8 km².
Level and flood protection
The level of the Eschach fluctuates greatly. In the summer months, the river bed can partially dry out, so that the Eschach is just a trickle. After heavy rainfalls and during the snowmelt in spring, the level can swell sharply. In earlier times, the Eschach regularly caused flooding - especially in Leutkirch:
The Eschach often led to strong floods , so that floods occurred especially south of the Leutkirch core town (today Isny settlement). Therefore, in the 1930s, a dam was built at the lower end of the Fetzachmoos far above the city center and a little above the Urlau district , so that the moss landscape became a green basin that normally does not contain any water. If the river exceeds a certain level, the water is directed into the moss and dammed there. In the mid-1990s, the 13 hectare stone stable basin (also called the retention basin holiday ) was created directly to the east and above it in order to further relieve the Fetzachmooses. Both storage facilities or flood retention basins can collect around 5 million m³ of water.
During the construction of the stone stable basin, the population of Leutkirch reacted partly with incomprehension to the fact that several million D-Marks were being spent on a "hole". One year after its completion, the basin proved itself on Whitsun 1999. The level of the Eschach rose due to melting snow combined with heavy rainfall to over 2.5 m at the Friesenhofen gauge. Up to 15 m³ of water per second flowed through the city, under the bridges there was only a few centimeters of air. Bulky floating debris carried along, such as uprooted trees, was particularly dangerous.
Fish fauna
Most of the Eschach belongs to the grayling region . The main fish here is the grayling . In addition come bullhead , chub , hazel , brown trout and rainbow trout before. White fish and pike can also be found sporadically in the water.
Protected areas
Looking downstream, the Eschach flows through these protected areas:
The Eschach rises in the Bavarian fauna-flora-habitat area Kürnacher Wald (FFH No. 8227-373; 27.5961 km² ), through which it flows to Schmidsfelden (near Leutkirch; Bavaria); parts of the Württemberg FFH area Adelegg (FFH no. 8326-341; 6.4006 km²) extend almost to the river. It runs in upstream sections , near Eschachthal (Buchenberg; Bavaria) and Eisenbach ( near Isny; Baden-Württemberg), along the Bavarian-Württemberg border and the eastern border to the Württemberg bird sanctuary in Adelegg (VSG No. 8226-441; 28.6185 km²) . In this area it also flows along the eastern border of the Württemberg landscape protection area (LSG) Adelegg and the associated tertiary hill foreland ( CDDA no. 319441; designated in 1994; 65.2008 km²) and in the middle reaches, now entirely in Württemberg, from Schmidsfelden to Urlau (zu Leutkirch) through this LSG.
The protected areas mentioned below are all outside the border with Bavaria in Baden-Württemberg: A little below Friesenhofen (Leutkirch), the Eschach flows into the FFH area wetland complexes north of Isny (FFH no. 8226-341; 605.82 km²). It touches the northeastern tip of the Taufach- and Fetzachmoos nature reserve with Urseen (CDDA no. 82692; 1982; 3.148 km²), parts of which can be flooded during floods (see section Level and flood protection ). Above and below the Leutkirch core town, the Eschach runs through the LSG bank vegetation of the Eschach (CDDA No. 325267; 1953; 4 ha ). Below the city center up to its confluence with the Aitrach, it flows in the FFH area Aitrach and Hergottsried (FFH no. 8026-341; 5.5823 km²).
References and comments
- ^ A b Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1991. → Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
- ↑ Height according to black lettering on the background layer Topographic map on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ) ( map of Eschach and its catchment area )
- ↑ a b Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer Topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c Length according to the water network layer ( AWGN ) of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 of the LUBW's online map server.
-
↑ Neither
- the waterway maps of the LUBW still
- BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information ) ( Map of Eschach and its catchment area )
- ↑ The section named Nibel is about 3.2 km long according to the layer name of the water body of the LUBW's online map server and begins at the bridge from Milan to Niederhofen a little before the last inflow.
- ↑ Map of Eschach and its catchment area , on the State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Lake area according to the layer standing waters of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ The LUBW's waterway maps name the Allmannshofer Bach , which only flows through Grünenbach and Allmishofen , which is probably a typo, as there is no Allmannshofen settlement in the entire Ravensburg district .
- ↑ Catchment area added up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Descriptions of the Oberamt Leutkirch , on wikisource.org
literature
- Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet No. 8125 Leutkirch im Allgäu West, No. 8126 Leutkirch im Allgäu Ost, No. 8225 Kißlegg, No. 8226 Isny im Allgäu Nord, No. 8227 Kempten (Allgäu), No. 8326 Isny im Allgäu Süd, No. 8327 Buchenberg
Web links
- Map of the course and catchment area of Eschach on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
- Map of Eschach and its catchment area on: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information )
- Measuring table sheets in the Deutsche Fotothek :
- 8125 Diepoldshofen from 1920
- 8126 Leutkirch from 1921
- 8225 Kisslegg from 1907
- 8226 Herlazhofen from 1921
- Measuring table sheet 8326 Isny from 1920
- Schwärzenlifte Eschach , on schwaerzenlifte.de