Esse (Diemel)

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Eat
Data
Water code EN : 448
location District of Kassel , Hessen ( Germany )
River system Weser
Drain over Diemel  → Weser  → North Sea
source near Espenau - Hohenkirchen
51 ° 24 ′ 10 ″  N , 9 ° 28 ′ 17 ″  E
Source height approx.  260  m above sea level NHN
muzzle near Trendelburg - Originates
in the Diemel coordinates: 51 ° 33 '53 "  N , 9 ° 24' 39"  E 51 ° 33 '53 "  N , 9 ° 24' 39"  E
Mouth height 120.6  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 139.4 m
Bottom slope approx. 5.1 ‰
length 27.6 km
Catchment area 191.89 km²
Left tributaries see below
Right tributaries see below
Small towns Grebenstein , Hofgeismar

The Esse is a 27.6 km long, southern and orographically right tributary of the Diemel in the district of Kassel , Hesse ( Germany ).

geography

course

The Esse, which runs west of the Reinhardswald low mountain range , rises in northern Hesse on the northern edge of Hohenkirchen , a district of the municipality of Espenau north of Vellmar . The source of the stream is located in a pond system at about 260  m above sea level. NHN .

The Esse flows mainly in a northerly direction through the hilly landscape of the Hofgeismarer Rötsenke , an extensive, predominantly forestless and agriculturally used area in the northern part of the West Hessian Basin north of Kassel . Initially, the Esse runs north of Hohenkirchen, which it does not flow through, to the northwest. When crossing under the Kassel – Warburg railway line three times , the stream turns north and shortly afterwards runs through the southern part of the Rothenberg near Burguffeln nature reserve (NSG no. 82452) with the Rothenkuel pond , which was designated in 1983 and covers 27 hectares . Then the Jungfernbach, coming from Wilhelmsthal Castle, flows into it . A little further north, the Esse touches the north-western part of the Rothenberg nature reserve near Burguffeln , and then passes the Grebensteiner municipality part of Burguffeln to the west when the Suderbach flows into it.

Then the Esse runs through the core town of Grebenstein , flowing around the ruins of Grebenstein Castle on the 249  m high castle hill to the west in an elongated right-hand arc. A little further north, after crossing under the Kassel – Warburg railway line five times and crossing under the Essetalbrücke ( Bundesstrasse 83 ) once, it reaches the core town of Hofgeismar , where it crosses the railway line twice and (currently) the federal road once. On the northeastern edge of the city, it passes the Gesundbrunnen Park , a little to the east , in which the Schönburg castle is located, after which the longest Esse tributary flows into the Lempe .

North of Hofgeismar, the Esse passes the Hofgeismar city forest to the west with the Heuberg ( 392  m ) and the Schöneberg ( 323.2  m ) to the east with the Schöneberg castle ruins . It then flows through the Hofgeismar village of Hümme and touches the Hümmer Bruch nature reserve near Stammen (NSG no. 163821), which was designated in 1990 and is 21 hectares in size and east of the river .

A few kilometers north of Hofgeismar , the Esse flows into the Diemel tributary of the Weser, coming from the south-west, in the Trendelburg district of Stammen, directly northwest of Stammen Castle at a height of 120.6  m .

Watershed

The source area of ​​the Esse lies on the Diemel-Eder / Fulda / Weser watershed . While the water of the Esse flowing northwards through the Diemel reaches the Weser , that of the aspen , which rises on the other side of the high altitude around Espenau near the Mönchehof district and flows southeast, flows through the Fulda to the Weser.

Natural allocation

The catchment area of the chimney is extended to the lower reaches of Diemel , natural spatially considered the North portion of the West Hesse Depression (main unit 343), the further south the runs of Schwalm , Eder and Fulda follows, and also the entire West Hessian state (main unit group 34 and D46 ). This section is called the Hofgeismarer Rötsenke (343.4).

Catchment area and tributaries

The tributaries of the Esse, whose catchment area is 191.89 km², include with orographic allocation (l = left-hand side, r = right-hand side) and - if known - the length of the river, its mouth with the Esse stream kilometers and the size of the catchment area (viewed downstream) /:

Watermills

Watermills on the Esse are / were among other things (viewed downstream):

  • Bergmühle - some below Espenau -Hohenkirchen
  • Lindenmühle - a little below Hohenkirchen
  • Burgmühle - below the Grebensteiner Burgberg
  • Hagenmühle - in Grebenstein
  • Stone mill - in Grebenstein
  • Bruchmühle - directly below Grebenstein on the Schlüchter Graben
  • Oil mill - below Grebenstein
  • Stroforder Mühle - below Grebenstein on the Stroforder Graben
  • Fulling mill - a little above Hofgeismar
  • Kabemühle - in Hofgeismar
  • Steinmühle - directly below Hofgeismar
  • Hagemühle - below the Schöneberg (near Hofgeismar- Schöneberg )

Flood

The Esse often caused severe flooding , repeatedly causing severe damage to the small towns of Grebenstein and Hofgeismar .

  • There was a particularly strong flood during the Heinrichsflut of 1965. Because tree trunks were driven from a sawmill above Grebenstein to the area of ​​the city wall at the inlet to the city and the water there dammed up, parts of the wall collapsed, whereupon this happened Water suddenly poured into the city center and, together with the tree trunks that were carried along, caused severe damage.
  • There were also strong floods in Hofgeismar, which is located downstream, for example on May 13, 1993, when, according to private measurements, around 87 liters / m² of rain fell in about 45 minutes; the cloudburst lay east below the Hofgeismar district of Friedrichsdorf and thus west above the city center in the catchment area of ​​the small Esse tributary Westheimgrund .

Worth seeing

In addition to the partly medieval centers of the villages with half-timbered houses and other old buildings along and near the Esse, it is worth visiting the Hofgeismar district of Gesundbrunnen, the Grebenstein castle towering above Grebenstein and the remains of the Schöneberg castle ruins north of Hofgeismar ; on the lower reaches of its tributary Lempe is the Schönburg castle in the Gesundbrunnen (Hofgeismar) park a little east of the Esse . Also worth seeing are Wilhelmsthal Castle, around 3 km west of the Essequelle, and Sababurg, around 10 km east of the Esse in the Reinhardswald .

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b Cycling and hiking map Reinhardswald, Weserlauf and Bramwald (1: 33.333), publisher: Geo-Verlag (Kaufungen)
  2. ↑ a b height according to unknown / not researched source; see. referenced map Reinhardswald, Weserlauf and Bramwald
  3. ↑ a b c d Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  4. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  5. ^ Memories of the Hofgeismar flood disaster , from May 12, 2013, accessed on September 30, 2015, at hna.de.