Friedrich Drenckhahn

Friedrich Drenckhahn, 1958

Friedrich Johann Bernhard Christian Drenckhahn (born May 28, 1894 in Frauenmark (near Parchim) , † December 20, 1977 in Hamburg ) was a German mathematician , pedagogue , didactician , university teacher and educational reformer ( teacher training ).

Origin and education

Friedrich Drenckhahn was born in Frauenmark as the son of the local teacher Friedrich Drenckhahn and his wife Caroline nee. Viehstedt born. Most of the family came from Mecklenburg . Fourteen-year-old Friedrich Drenckhahn was after the end of the elementary school at Lübeck Lehrerseminar added, but he left after three years without a degree, to first in Lübeck the junior high school and then in Hamburg-Eppendorf , the secondary school to visit.

After graduating in August 1914, the twenty-year-old began studying mathematics and natural sciences as well as education , psychology and philosophy at the University of Rostock in the winter semester of 1914/15 . In December 1914 he was drafted into the army, but released again because he was unfit for field service. Instead, he was obliged to do a four-month alternative service, which he was able to do as an assistant at the Physics Institute of the University of Rostock by training field doctors. During the war winter of 1916/17, Drenckhahn taught independently at a Mecklenburg rural school for six months in addition to his studies. A year later he submitted his dissertation to the Philosophical Faculty of Rostock University with the title The common location of the vertices of special pairs of tangents and cones of contact in elliptical and parabolic coordinates . In November 1917, he was awarded the title “Dr. phil. " doctorate and also accepted by the Institute of Physics as an assistant.

In November 1918 he passed the first state examination for teaching at secondary schools , but initially did not continue his professional career, but switched to the University of Göttingen , where he deepened his studies in mathematics and became Felix Klein's private assistant . In April 1920, Drenckhahn continued his teacher training at the Rostock study seminar with the legal clerkship , which was shortened to one and a half years due to preliminary educational work. At the same time, he studied biology at the University of Berlin . In November 1921 he passed the pedagogical examination for the teaching post in secondary schools. A short period of unemployment followed, which Drenckhahn filled with studies on youth neglect and juvenile delinquency . So he enrolled again on November 1, 1921 at the University of Rostock to briefly study law.

Professional career and accomplishments

School service in Rostock and Bremen (1922–1927)

In April 1922 he was Studienassessor at Rostock grammar school , and in October 1925 he received after a shortened Assessor time the place of study Council on Anna Vietor - Lyceum in Bremen .

University service in Rostock (1927–1945)

After a good two and a half years in the higher education service of the city of Bremen, Friedrich Drenckhahn was appointed to a lectureship at the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Rostock in May 1927 , which served in the then Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin for the training of teachers for school types below the grammar school. In April 1928 Drenckhahn was appointed professor and deputy director of the Pedagogical Institute under the direction of Willy Kolz . On February 7, 1930, the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of Education in Schwerin assigned him the subject of "Didactics of Mathematics" as a teaching assignment.

In 1935 Drenckhahn published the essay Volkseigener Arithmetic and Raumlehreunterricht and published an arithmetic book for Mecklenburg elementary schools in 1941 . When in 1935 the newly created state of Mecklenburg finally had to adopt the unified solution of the university for teacher training for its teacher training , Drenckhahn's teaching assignment was confirmed by the Reich Ministry in Berlin and expanded to include “ methodology of arithmetic and spatial teaching” and “general teaching”. So he gave lectures on ethnic and racial views of elementary mathematical facts . After the outbreak of World War II , Drenckhahn was temporarily drafted. On March 31, 1942, the college for teacher training in Rostock was closed by Drenckhahn; in 1942 - as everywhere in the Reich - it was converted into a National Socialist teacher training institute . Because Drenckhahn refused to serve her, he was initially assigned to the army. Ultimately, however, he was given the provisional management of the Rostock State Study Seminar for grammar schools. He remained in this position until Rostock was captured by the Red Army at the end of April 1945. Shortly before, Dreckhahn managed to escape to Aumühle near Hamburg, where his family had recently been staying.

State service in Schleswig-Holstein (1945–1960)

Development of a new teacher training program (1945/1946)

After the end of the war, his efforts to find “any” work met with success for the first time in autumn 1945 at the “Pedagogical Work Weeks” in Hamburg. In order to regain a foothold in teacher training, he had previously written down “Thoughts on past and future elementary school teacher training” in the summer of 1945 and applied to all the chief presidents of the British zone of occupation . The acting chief president Otto Hoevermann from the province of Schleswig-Holstein was the first to respond . In October 1945 he appointed Drenckhahn to the post of advisor for teacher training in Kiel . On March 1, 1946, he was appointed high school council and was commissioned to rebuild elementary school teacher training.

Drenckhahn consciously built on the tradition of the Prussian Pedagogical Academies, but did not call for Schleswig-Holstein to revive them, but for the "re-establishment" of an autonomous and scientific "Pedagogical University" . Here all technical, didactic, teaching, musical and educational skills and abilities that lead to professionalism and professional ethics should be conveyed. The British zone authorities approved and supported Drenckhahn's ideas, so that the then widespread attempts by German circles to return to non-academic teacher training at seminars or teacher training institutions finally failed.

During his practical development work, Drenckhahn, like many other teachers, faced the steadily growing number of pupils due to the flow of refugees from the east. For this reason, Drenckhahn first had to take emergency measures to counter the unimaginable shortage of teachers. This happened through the establishment of so-called "pedagogical courses" in Burg in Dithmarschen, Ahrensbök and Lunden for former students of the teacher training institutes as well as through the opening of so-called "emergency courses for teacher training" in Lübeck and Neumünster . The first course did not, however, realize the planned co-educational, four-semester course, but consisted of the so-called "special course for war participants". (Paul) Gerhard Bohne was appointed the first director of the Flensburg University of Education.

Director of the Kiel University of Education (1946–1949)

The "PH Kiel-Hassee" was opened on July 29, 1946 and Drenckhahn was appointed its founding director - provisionally on July 20, 1946 and as planned on April 1, 1947 (retroactively to the beginning of the year). At the end of March 1948, he was released from the part-time continuation of the teacher training department. After the political sovereignty and renewal of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Drenckhahn was removed from the office of director of the Kiel University of Education in April 1949 and transferred to the University of Education in Flensburg.

Professor at the Flensburg University of Education (1949–1960)

Drenckhahn taught mathematics and educational science in Flensburg until his retirement in 1960 .

His preferred subject areas remained the didactics of mathematics and the structuring of the mathematical subject matter adapted to age-typical perceptions as well as the history of mathematics and applied mathematics. His “Workbook for Arithmetic Lessons in Elementary Schools”, which for many years was part of the main curriculum at schools in Schleswig-Holstein and other federal states (Lower Saxony, Berlin, Bremen, Rhineland-Palatinate), was also expanded. Eight editions were published by 1959.

Other activities and services

During his student years, Drenckhahn founded the “Rostock Pedagogical Association”. In Bremen and later in Kiel he called the local groups of the "Association for the Promotion of Mathematical and Scientific Teaching" into being. In 1928 he suggested the establishment of a "working group of the educational academies and university institutes involved in the German academic primary school teacher training" and became its chairman. This chairmanship was taken from him in 1933 because he was not a member of the NSDAP .

But Drenckhahn was involved from the start in the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) and in the National Socialist Teachers' Association ( NSLB ), in which he mainly worked as an expert on mathematics, arithmetic and spatial theory. Along with the other lecturers at the Pedagogical Institute, Drenckhahn was one of the signatories of the " Commitment of Professors at German Universities and Colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State" from November 1933. From 1938 to 1942 he was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturer Association ( NSDDB ) was the clerk for tax issues at the HfL Rostock. In 1939/40 he was a member of the National Socialist Old Masters Association of German Students ( NSAHB ).

After 1945 he was a member of the Education and Science Union and the German Association of Philologists .

In 1947 Drenckhahn was appointed a member of the "Technical Committee for Teacher Training of the Zone Education Council" and in 1948 a member of the "Technical Committee for Film and Image". His appointment to the “Study Committee for Higher Education Reform” by the British Military Governor in April 1948 deserves special emphasis. The so-called “Blue Report” drawn up by this commission in line with British ideas advised against the university solution of elementary school teacher training and essentially stuck to the conception of one Pedagogical College firmly. However, it called for additions in terms of autonomy and science, including a. the right to award doctorates. The duration of the course should also be increased from four to six semesters. Drenckhahn wrote several reports on this point in particular.

Retirement in Hamburg and late recognition

After his retirement in 1960, Drenckhahn left Flensburg and moved to Hamburg, where he continued to do research until his wife's death. Drenckhahn died on December 20, 1977 in Hamburg; he is buried in the old south cemetery in Neumünster. At this point in time, Drenckhahn and his fundamental development work in Schleswig-Holstein's post-war years were as good as forgotten by the authorities. Both research results and scientific legacy were handed over to the University of Flensburg in 2006 , which, as the successor institution of the PH Flensburg, was commemorating its sixty-year history.

Publications

Books

• The geometric location of the vertices of particular pairs of tangents and cones of contact in elliptical and parabolic coordinates . Inaugural dissertation, Rostock 1917 (published Rostock 1922).
• From the practice of mathematics teaching at the intermediate level. A contribution to mathematical work lessons . Bookshop of the orphanage, Halle 1928.
• Economics and mathematics , together with H. Schneider. Teubner, Leipzig 1931.
• Elementary spatial concepts and regularities in a systematic structure using movements as a principle of generation and proof . Rostock 1931.
• Practical geometry (geometric measurement) for teachers . Grundgeyer, Rostock 1932.
• Space theory in the German elementary school . Beltz, Langensalza 1935 (2.).
• Terrain mathematics , together with U. Graf. Gdansk 1939.
• Mathematics lessons for 6 to 15 year olds in the Federal Republic of Germany . Goettingen 1958.

Essays

• Foundation of a Rostock educational society . In: Rostocker Anzeiger. 1919.
• On the history of mathematics in class . In: Mathematisch-Philosophische Blätter. 1926 and 1927.
• Pairs of tangential planes with a given angle in a 2nd order cone . In: Treatises of the Natural Science Association . Bremen 1927.
• Bernhard Riemann . In: Universe. Volume 26, 1927.
• Mathematics is a cultural science, a cultural, educational and upbringing subject of the German higher school . In: Deutsches Philologenblatt. Volume 35, 1927.
• Contribution to the work-lesson design of the proportion theory . In: Journal for mathematics and science teaching. Volume 58, 1927.
• Mathematical study group at Lyzeum Victor in Bremen in the school year 1926/27 . In: Mathematics teaching sheets. Volume 34, 1928.
• Individual number treatment . In: Mathematical school newspaper. Volume 59, 1928.
• The optional didactic lectures in mathematics . In: Collective publication of the lecturers of the Pedagogical Institute in Rostock. 1928.
• The relationship of some poets to mathematics . In: Communications of the Association of German Mathematicians. 1928.
• The road to rigor in math class . In: Mathematics teaching sheets. Volume 35, 1929.
• The position of mathematics in the study plan of the PI in Rostock . In: Journal for mathematics and science teaching. Volume 60, 1929.
• Tensions regarding theory and practice of working classes in arithmetic and spatial theory . In: Communications of the Association of German Mathematicians. Volume 3, 1930.
• Arithmetic and spatial studies as educational subjects . In: Communications of the Association of German Mathematicians. Volume 4, 1931.
• Numerical calculations with and without aids . In: Mathematical school newspaper. Volume 63, 1932.
• For the Egyptian circle and truncated pyramid calculation . In: teaching sheets for mathematics and science. Volume 40, 1934.
• To the circulature of the square and squaring of the circle in the Sulva sutras . In: Annual report of the German Mathematicians Association. Volume 46, 1936.
• The law for the protection of German blood and German honor of September 15, 1935 in the light of national scientific statistics . In: German Mathematics Volume 1, No. 6, pp. 716–732, Jan 1937
• An approximation of the Gauß-Krügerian meridian stripe mapping . In: German Mathematics. Volume 4, No. 5, pp. 642ff, Sep 1939.
• The current teacher training in Schleswig-Holstein . In: The Schleswig-Holstein School. Volume 1, 1947, pp. 4–5.
• On the question of teacher training . In: The Schleswig-Holstein School. Volume 3, 1949, pp. 3–4.
• For modern spatial teaching in elementary school . In: Lively School. Year 6, 1951, pp. 12–26 and 101–116.
• From the adaptation of the mathematical subject matter to the mental comprehension of the student . In: The Collection. Year 7, 1952, pp. 348–358, and abbreviated in: Der Lehrerrundbrief. Volume 7, 1952, pp. 484–490.
• On the question of a uniform arrangement in written arithmetic . In: Our school. Volume 7, 1952, p. 270 ff.
• On the didactics of mathematics and its scientific methodology . In: The mathematical and natural science lessons , Volume 5, 1952/53, pp. 205–211, and posthumously in: Didaktik der Mathematik . Darmstadt (WBG) 1978.
• The square root calculation in the Indian Sulva sutras . In: Archimedes. Volume 7, 1955, p. 103 ff.
• The slide rule in elementary school . In: Pedagogical sheets. Year 7, 1956, pp. 13-25.
• Structural levels of school mathematics in adaptation to age-typical perceptions . In: Pedagogical sheets. Volume 7, 1956, pp. 237–244.
• To the written subtraction procedure . In: The German School. Year 49, 1957, pp. 358–369.
• Considerations on the pedagogy of mathematics . In: Teachers' circular. Volume 13, 1958, pp. 390–402.
• The structure of the mathematical subject matter in the light of experimental didactics . In: The German School. Year 50, 1958, issue 11 and 12.
• From functional and group-operative thinking in factual arithmetic in the elementary school upper level . In: The German School. Volume 52, 1960, pp. 491–506.
• The idea of ​​Maria Montessori's materials in the light of the didactics of mathematics . In: International Journal of Educational Science. Volume VII, 1960, pp. 174-186.
• From speed and tangent propaedeutic to differential and to calculating with differentials . In: The Realschule. 1962/9, pp. 226-236.
• Mathematical structures in elementary education . In: The German School. Volume 57, 1965, pp. 1–22.
• Elementary geometric derivation of the volume formula for the pyramid . In: The German School. Volume 60, 1968, pp. 686–702.

Secondary literature

• NN: Friedrich Drenckhahn [obituary]. In: The Schleswig-Holstein School. Volume 32, 1978, p. 17.
• Karl Knoop: On the history of teacher training in Schleswig-Holstein. 200 years of teacher training from seminar to teacher training college 1781–1981 . Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1984, ISBN 3-88042-238-9 .
• Bruno Grönke: The way from Schleswig-Holstein's universities of education to scientific universities . In: Grenzfriedenshefte. Year 32, 1985, No. 2, pp. 110–117, and in: Pädagogische Hochschule Kiel: Hochschulnachrichten. 1985, No. 3, pp. 10-15.
• Presidium of the University of Education Flensburg (Ed .: Manfred Korte): 40 years of the University of Education Flensburg 1946–1986 . Glücksburg n.d. [1986].
• Bruno Grönke: Memories and thoughts of former students of the special pedagogical course for soldiers in the war 1946/47 . In: The home. Journal for natural and regional studies of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Volume 95, 1988, No. 5, pp. 144–148.
• Bruno Grönke: Memories of the emergency course for teacher training at the Klaus Groth School in Neumünster . In: Holsteinischer Courier of December 3, 1988, p. 14.
• Bruno Grönke: Friedrich Drenckhahn's role in the development of teacher training in Schleswig-Holstein after the Second World War . Self-published, Neumünster, 1st edition 1991, Volume 1: Treatise, Volume 2: Appendix [both volumes assigned to the Schleswig-Holstein State Library in Kiel; loanable there]; 2nd edition 2001, Volume 1 [handed over to the University of Flensburg in 2006; loanable there].
• Bruno Grönke: Friedrich Drenckhahn on the 100th birthday . In: Journal for Education and Science in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 48, 1994, issue 4, p. 12.
• Alexander Hesse: The professors and lecturers of the Prussian Pedagogical Academies (1926-1933) and universities for teacher training (1933-1941) . Deutscher Studien Verlag, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-89271-588-2 .
• Bruno Grönke: Drenckhahn, Friedrich Johann Bernhard Christian [1894-1977] . In: Dieter Lohmeier ao: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck , ed. on behalf of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History and the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology, Volume 10, Wachholtz, Neumünster 1994, pp. 103-106.
• Michael Ruck : 60 years of the University of Flensburg 1946–2006. Scientification - diversification - expansion . In: Democratic History. Yearbook for Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 18, 2007, pp. 255–266 ( online ; PDF file; 585 kB); as well as in: pluk . Syddansk Universitet, Institut for Grænseregionsforskning, Sønderborg. No. 2-3 / 2007, pp. 16-25.

Web links

• Literature by and about Friedrich Drenckhahn in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature about Friedrich Drenckhahn in the state bibliography MV
• http://www.uni-flensburg.de/uni/uni-tour/zur-geschichte/60-jahre-universitaet-flensburg/

Individual evidence

1. ^ Entry (1) by Friedrich Drenckhahn in the Rostock matriculation portal
2. ^ Entry (2) by Friedrich Drennckhahn in the Rostock matriculation portal
3. ^ According to the Weimar Constitution , all teachers should receive academic training. Mecklenburg founded a pedagogical institute at the university. Prussia closed the preparatory institutes in 1922/1923 and the teachers' seminars in 1925/1926 and founded independent pedagogical academies in 1926 .
4. ^ Hermann Langer: On the training of Mecklenburg's elementary school teachers under the swastika (1932-1945) , In: Contemporary history regional. Messages from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 1/2012, p. 75
5. ↑ Eda. P. 79
6. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein had been a Prussian province since 1866 and formally remained so until the founding of the "Land Schleswig-Holstein" on August 23, 1946. The legal dissolution of Prussia was only possible by the Allied Control Council of the four occupying powers in Germany through Control Council Act No. 46 of February 25, 1947.
7. ↑ Bruno Grönke: The way of the educational universities Schleswig-Holstein to scientific universities . In: Grenzfriedenshefte. Year 32, 1985, No. 2, pp. 110–117, and in: Pädagogische Hochschule Kiel: Hochschulnachrichten. 1985, No. 3, pp. 10-15.
8. ↑ See: Bruno Grönke: Memories of the emergency course for teacher training at the Klaus Groth School in Neumünster . In: Holsteinischer Courier of December 3, 1988, p. 14.
9. ↑ Cf. Bruno Grönke: Memories and Thoughts of Former Students of the Special Pedagogical Course for Participants in the War 1946/47 . In: The home. Journal for natural and regional studies of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Volume 95, 1988, No. 5, pp. 144–148.
10. ↑ See: David Käbisch:  Bohne, (Paul) Gerhard. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 27, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-393-2 , Sp. 143-161.
11. ↑ Friedrich Drenckhahn: Workbook for arithmetic lessons in elementary schools. Otto Salle Verlag, Frankfurt a. M./Hamburg. Staff: Günter Berndt, Bruno Grönke, Johannes Mathiesen, Edmund Weber, Willi Wriedt.
12. ↑ See: Foundation of a Rostock Pedagogical Society . In: Rostocker Anzeiger. 1919.
13. ↑ In the case of the different information in Hans Christian Harten / Uwe Neirich / Matthias Schwerendt: Rassenhygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich. Edition education and science, volume 10. Bio-bibliographical manual. Berlin (Akademie Verlag) 2006, p. 364, it is probably a confusion with a namesake from Picher-Jasnitz (Mecklenburg), who had been a member of the NSDAP since around June / August 1931, but was then legally excluded from the party in 1937 has been; the exclusion process had been running since 1934 (see: Bundesarchiv Berlin, Section R1-11, March 24, 2011). There is no NSDAP membership card for Rostock's Friedrich Drenckhahn in the Federal Archives, nor is there any reference to party affiliation in the NSLB membership file (see: Federal Archives Berlin, Section R1-11, March 24, 2011). In the denazification file of the Schleswig State Archives (see: LASH Dept. 460 No. 4564 reference number 312 / G / 91161) Drenckhahn's membership of the NSDAP is excluded and he was classified as “exonerated” (category V).
14. ↑ Expert opinion on university reform from the study committee for university reform (referred to as "blue report" because of the blue cover). Hamburg 1948, printed for the “Educational Adviser” authority by the “Printing and Stationary Service, CCG (BE)”.
15. ↑ See bibliography: Michael Ruck: 60 years University of Flensburg 1946–2006. Scientification - diversification - expansion . In: Democratic History. Yearbook for Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 18, 2007, pp. 255–266.