Güsten

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Güsten (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 48 '  N , 11 ° 37'  E
Basic data
State :	Saxony-Anhalt
County :	Salzlandkreis
Association municipality :	Saale-Wipper
Height :	92 m above sea level NHN
Area :	36.16 km 2
Residents:	4093 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	113 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	39439
Area code :	039262
License plate :	SLK, ASL, BBG, SBK, SFT
Community key :	15 0 89 165
City administration address :	Friendship Square 1 39439 Güsten
Mayor :	Helmut Zander
Location of the city of Güsten in the Salzlandkreis

Güsten is a small town in the Saale-Wipper community in the Salzlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt .

Geographical location

The place is northeast of Aschersleben halfway between Bernburg and Aschersleben in the valley of the Wipper just before its confluence with the Saale . The Liethe , a branch of the Wipper, which flows into the Bode, also flows through Güsten .

The district of Osmarsleben belongs to Güsten . On January 1, 2010, Amesdorf and Warmsdorf , which until then had been administered by the city ​​of Staßfurt , were incorporated into Güsten. In addition, Güsten became part of the new Saale-Wipper community on January 1, 2010 .

history

Güsten's earlier names were Guddenstein, Gustein and Gusthen.

For the first time two saddle farms were mentioned as knight seats with the name Güsten in a certificate from Emperor Otto I from the year 970. Until then, no settlement could be seen. In 1373 Güsten received from the Anhalt princes Heinrich IV and Otto III. von Anhalt, which sons of Bernhard III. (Anhalt) were, the city law. At that time Güsten still belonged to the line of the Princes Anhalt-Bernburg . Nevertheless, Güsten remained relatively small. It remained a place without a significant nucleus, which was bordered by manors. In 1600 Güsten had just about 800 inhabitants. The place remained dominated by the village and mainly dedicated to agriculture with the associated craftsmen. Shortly before the Thirty Years War , 27 farmers lived in the city. Güsten had a city wall at that time. The Magdeburger Tor (1617) and the Hallesche Tor (1681) were built when the military was able to overcome such walls long ago. Presumably the walls were used for control rather than protection. The administration and rule was controlled from the nearby Warmsdorf Castle , where the princes of Anhalt temporarily had their seat. The Warmsdorf office was separated several times by the division of Anhalt-Bernburg. As an exclave, Warmsdorf belonged temporarily to Anhalt-Dessau , whose co-regent Georg III. (1507–1553) had the castle built there. Warmsdorf was later assigned to the Princely House of Anhalt-Köthen with Güsten . For example, it served Prince Leopold von Anhalt (1694–1728) as a severance payment for his brother August Ludwig (1677–1755). This is why Güsten and the surrounding towns are surrounded by road houses, the former customs and border points within the principalities of Anhalt. The only purpose of the gates was to ward off the danger of the plague, so that strangers could be inspected.

In 1487 a St. Hedwig Hospital was built on today's Hospitalplatz. In 1609 a school building was mentioned for the first time, as well as the construction of the town hall, the Staßfurter Tor or the hospital. In 1611 the plague broke out in the city. During the Thirty Years War, Güsten was looted nine times until only three families remained. In 1691 a devastating city fire raged. The settlement built on the ruins is still called Neustadt today . In 1692 the Ausspannhof Großer Gasthof in front of the gate , today's Black Bear, was mentioned for the first time , which also provided for a stop for the Dessau / Quedlinburg stagecoach. The Aschersleben / Halle postal line followed in 1750 and Magdeburg / Mansfeld in 1782. This made Güsten a traffic junction for the first time. The time of the French occupation by Napoleon ended lightly for Güsten. Except for a battle in 1813 with Schill's troops , this region was kept out of the action. The city grew steadily, also outside the gates in the Sichstal, the Ratswiesen and at the Ratsteich. Agriculture was dominated by three manors and two princely domains .

Güsten became important with industrialization . On October 10, 1865, the first train ran from Bernburg to Aschersleben on the new railway line and stopped in Güsten. Half a year later the first train went to the neighboring Prussian Staßfurt , where salt and potash mining flourished. In 1878 the Berlin-Wetzlar line was completed as a military-strategic cannon train . A freight yard, goods shed and shunting facilities were built between Güsten and Amesdorf. These shape the city into the 20th century. In the competition between Prussia and Anhalt for salt, shafts were not only built in Leopoldshall, but also in Güsten. These caused the city to grow further. In 1914, 5,300 people lived in the city. During this time, today's school on the market was built in 1883, the post office in 1892 and the Catholic Church in 1903 in the typical brick building of the time. The town hall also received its tower in 1905/1906. Sports and culture associations emerged, many of which still exist. But anti-Semitic associations also emerged. The synagogue stood in what was then Tempelgasse, today's Schmalen Gasse, and was desecrated under the Nazis and finally destroyed. In 1919 the sports field at the stadium was built, the bathing establishment in 1927. In 1918 the Duchy of Anhalt became a Free State .

In the Second World War , Güsten escaped an inferno by luck. Because pilots of the Royal Air Force thought the flooded Liethe and Wipper was a lake, the planned bombing of the station was canceled in 1940. US soldiers reached Güsten on April 17, 1945. The city remained under American occupation until June 30, 1945 when Soviet troops took over administration. With the expropriation of the three estates in Güsten as part of the land reform , new farmers were settled and typical houses were built for them, for example in the settlement or in Warmsdorfer Weg. In 1952 the LPG was founded .

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipality Osmarsleben was incorporated. Since 1952 Güsten belonged with the new administrative structure for 42 years to the Staßfurt district and the southernmost tip of the Magdeburg district .

After the political change , Güsten initially belonged to the district of Bernburg , which was opened in 2007 after a district reform in the Salzland district. After the recent administrative reform, the establishment of the Saale-Wipper community with the communities of Alsleben (Saale) , Plötzkau , Ilberstedt and Giersleben prevented incorporation. The former communities of Amesdorf and Warmsdorf have been districts of Güsten since 2010 .

politics

After the 2014 election, the city council has 17 members:

• CDU: (2 seats)
• DIE LINKE: (0 seats)

AFD: (8 Sitze)

• SPD / BfB: (6 seats)
• Non-attached: (1 seat)

Helmut Zander has been the mayor since 2001 and was last confirmed in office in 2015.

A town partnership exists with Kreiensen .

coat of arms

Blazon : a red castle floating in silver, the two towers of which are connected by a high arch bridge; in this a silver shield, in it a striding black bear with a red tongue, a golden crown and a golden collar on a sloping red wall with a golden gate.

Culture and sights

Memorial stones

• Memorial stone in the local cemetery for the communist Spain fighter Walter Munke, who was murdered in Mauthausen concentration camp in 1942
• Commemorative plaque from 1970 at the Stadtgraben 13 after school care center in memory of the Soviet prisoners of war tortured there during the Second World War
• Memorial stone and two information boards at the entrance to the Jewish cemetery on Rathmannsdorfer Strasse in memory of the victims of the Shoah
• Memorial plaque at the former POS Karl-Marx in memory of the communist resistance fighter Werner von Trittenbein, murdered in 1944
• Menhir of Güsten

Vitus Church

St. Vitus Church

In the vicinity of the Hospitalplatz stands the St. Vitus Church, the founding of which is unknown and whose namesake, Veit, suggests Saxon roots. The current Gothic building is a new building, one of the few after the Reformation from 1591 on an earlier chapel.

The organ is from Fleischer & Kindermann. Of the original three bells, one was lost in World War I and another in World War II.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Güsten has an exit on the federal autobahn 36 ( north Harz autobahn ). Together with federal highway 185, this forms a bypass.

Güsten is a railway junction on the railway lines (Magdeburg–) Schönebeck – Güsten , Köthen – Aschersleben and in the direction of Sandersleben (further to Halle or Erfurt) . The cannon train via Calbe to Berlin has been shut down. Güsten was important as a railway base due to its location north of the Harz foothills. As a counterpart to Sangerhausen , which is located on the southern foothills, the locomotives for the Kanonenbahn crossing the Harz Mountains were stationed in both places. The Güsten railway depot was closed in 1995, and a solar power plant was put into operation on the site in 2013 on an area of ​​around 10 hectares .

Established businesses

There are various medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises based.

Public facilities

Güsten has six cemeteries, including a Jewish cemetery , as well as a cemetery in Osmarsleben, Amesdorf and Warmsdorf. The Jewish cemetery is located at the level crossing to Rathmannsdorf and is the oldest cemetery in the town.

The volunteer fire brigade of the city of Güsten, as well as the volunteer fire brigade of the municipality of Amesdorf with attached youth fire brigade and children's fire brigade provide fire protection and general help.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

• Johann Georg von Lehmann (1688–1750), Prussian major general, regiment chief and fortress commander
• Johann Georg Heinrich Salmuth (1752–1825), doctor and city physician in Güsten, physicist for the county of Warmsdorf
• Arno Philippsthal (1887–1933), doctor and one of the first Jewish victims of National Socialist rule in Berlin
• Waldemar Beyer (1909–1952), librarian, police officer and SS-Obersturmführer
• Ernst-Otto Reher (1936–2016), process engineer and professor, pioneer in technical rheology and expert in general technology

Persons related to Güsten

• August Carl Alexander von Zanthier (1734–1815), Hessian and Anhalt court official and writer, landowner in Güsten, died in Güsten
• Carl August von Madai (1739–1816), physician, entrepreneur and numismatist, heir of Güsten
• Julius Kraaz (1822–1889), lawyer, sugar manufacturer and member of the German Reichstag, died in Güsten

Web links

Commons : Güsten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

• Hans Joachim Kessler: Güsten-Anhalt: A journey through the Güsten basin and the Wipperaue. Verlag Kirchschlager, Güsten 2001, ISBN 3-934277-03-9 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, population of the municipalities - as of December 31, 2019 (PDF) (update) ( help ).
2. ^ Volksinitiative Sachsen-Anhalt 2011: Incorporation of Amesdorf according to Güsten ( Memento from October 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ mz-web.de: Founding of the Saale-Wipper community
4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Kessler: Güsten-Anhalt 2001
5. ↑ https://www.saale-wipper.de/politik/lösungen/gremium/4617/stadtrat-g%C3%BCsten
6. ↑ http://www.mz-web.de/bernburg/buergermeisterwahl-in-guesten-zander-ist-und-bleibt-ortschef-von-guesten-1746746
7. ↑ Here the sun turns into electricity . In: DB World . No. 12 , 2013, p. 11 .