Gau economic advisor

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After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists in 1933, Gau economic advisors were appointed to advise the Gauleiter on economic issues. The regional economic consultants were primarily responsible for the interests of medium-sized companies without understanding themselves as representing their interests. The Gau economic advisors were involved in the “ Aryanization ” by eliminating Jews from the medium-sized economy.

organization

From 1930, several NSDAP offices dealt with economic issues at the Reich level. In the Reichsleitung there was an economic policy department , which was headed from 1931 by Otto Wagener . At the Gau level there was a Gau Economic Council, which was subordinate to the economic policy department. The Gauwirtschaftsrat was under the direction of a Gauwirtschaftsreferenten; the other members were referred to as district advisors. In some NS districts in Hamburg, the Gauleiter had appointed Fritz Meyer, a district economic advisor, as early as 1929 , who was referred to as the "district advisor of the NSDAP for economic issues" and was replaced in 1933 by Gustav Schlotterer . Even George steering , from 1933 Minister of Economic Affairs of Saxony, was according to different specifications since 1930, 1931 or 1932 Gau Economics Adviser.

After Gregor Strasser, head of the Reich organization, was expelled in December 1932, the Central Political Commission was established under Rudolf Hess . One of its three departments was the Economic Policy Commission , which Bernhard Köhler was appointed to head. In the course of 1933 an organizational strand was created, consisting of the Commission for Economic Policy at the Reich level, full-time regional economic advisors (GWB) as the middle instance and honorary district economic advisers (KWB) as the lower level. The Gau economic advisors were appointed by the Gau leaders and were politically and disciplinary under them; The economic policy commission was factually subordinate to the regional economic advisors. In Gau Westfalen South , this structure was created in the spring of 1933; the previous Gauwirtschaftsrat was omitted. The Economic Policy Commission was transferred in July 1939 as Group III B (Economic and Social Affairs) to the staff of the Deputy Leader, known from 1941 as the Party Chancellery . Within group III B, there was subgroup 4 for regional economic advisors. After Otto Wagener's replacement, the Economic Policy Commission was objectively subordinated to the manufacturer Wilhelm Keppler in July 1933 . From August 1933, Keppler, who had already advised Hitler before 1933, headed a further department as “the Führer’s representative for economic issues”, which was assigned to the Reich Chancellery . Keppler regularly took part in meetings of the district economic advisors.

people

The Gau economic consultants were often young, ideological, ambitious and career-oriented commercial clerks and middle-class civil servants, some of whom were lawyers, economists, scientists or engineers.

About half of the Gau economic advisors were also represented on the board of the chambers of industry and commerce . However, some found themselves in constant conflict with the IHK and its board of directors. Since the chambers were particularly involved in the "Aryanization", for example by having to approve the purchase contracts and thus also the sales prices, there were constellations in which one and the same person initiated the "Aryanization" as GWP and then, for example, as President the IHK approved. In other cases, different interests between the Chamber Presidium and the regional economic adviser led to polycratic conflicts in the context of Aryanization .

The following compilation contains information from various sources.

gau Surname Profession / function
foreign countries Alfred Hess Economic office of the foreign organization of the NSDAP, Hamburg
To bathe; after 1941 Baden-Alsace Clemens Kentrup (1897–1945) Director of the Tscheulin Aluminum Works , Teningen ; President of the IHK Baden 1933–1936
Bayreuth Ludwig Linhardt Economic advisor, owner of a fiduciary office, Bayreuth
Greater Berlin Heinrich Hunke (1902-2000) MdR ; Vice President of the German Business Advisory Council; Member of the Board of Management of Deutsche Bank 1944–1945; 1955 Ministerialdirigent in the Ministry of Finance of Lower Saxony
Mark Brandenburg Hans Kehrl (1900–1984) Textile manufacturer, President of the Niederlausitz Chamber of Commerce; President of the Armaments Office at the General Plenipotentiary for Armaments Tasks, Albert Speer
Danzig Johannes-Kurt Schimmel (1892–1941) Senator of the Free City of Danzig ; President of the Main Chamber of Commerce in Gdansk
Dusseldorf Josef Klein (1890–1952); GWB 1932-1936 MdR; Trustee of the work for the economic area Westphalia
Dusseldorf Emeran Georg Amon (1902-); born in Munich; GWB from 1936 General manager of both the IHK and the Düsseldorf Chamber of Commerce
eat Paul Wilhelm Georg Hoffmann (1879–1949) Factory director, councilor of the city of Essen and commercial judge at the Essen regional court
Halle-Merseburg Walter Trautmann (1906-1983); GWB until 1937 Journalist and businessman, chief editor of the " Mitteldeutsche Nationalzeitung "; after 1945 economic editor of various newspapers
Halle-Merseburg Eugen Möllney (1890–1976); GWB 1937–1941 Chemist, manager of the Orgacid plant from 1939 ; after 1945 in Bonn
Hamburg Fritz Meyer (1881-1953); GWB from 1929; 1933 President of the Hamburg Parliament; Vice President of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce; 1. Chairman of the Reich Association of German Wholesale and Overseas Trade
Hamburg Gustav Schlotterer (1906–1989); GWB 1933-1935; President of the Department of Economics in Hamburg; after 1945 manager in the steel industry in Düsseldorf
Hamburg Carlo Otte (1908-); GWB 1935–1945 Merchant; Head of the "Management Staff for Economy" in Hamburg; from 1940 head of the main economics department at the Reichskommissariat Norway
Hamburg Otto Wolff (1907-1991); GWB provisional from 1940 Member of the supervisory board of Hamburger Wasserwerke, member of the administrative board of Neue Sparkasse from 1864 ; League player FC St. Pauli
Hanover East Rudolf Rühle Syndic of the IHK, Harburg-Wilhelmshaven
Hanover-South-Braunschweig Friedrich Jakob Fey Director and Deputy Board member of Continental Gummi-Werke A.-G. , Hanover
Hanover-South-Braunschweig Julius Maier Private banker of Julius Maier & Comp. Hanover; President of the Lower Saxony Stock Exchange; Consul of Estonia
Hessen-Nassau Karl Eckardt (1896–1953); GWB until 1943 Authorized signatory at Adlerwerke , Frankfurt / Main (1934)
Hessen-Nassau Wilhelm Avieny (1897-1983); GWB from 1943 General Director of Nassauische Landesbank Wiesbaden, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Metallgesellschaft AG Frankfurt, Vice President of the Frankfurt Chamber of Commerce
Cologne-Aachen Kurt Freiherr von Schröder (1889–1966) Banker and consul general of Sweden; President of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Cologne Chamber of Commerce
Cologne-Aachen Karl Georg Schmidt (1904-1940); GWB from 1931 Mayor of Cologne; Chief Executive of the Cologne Chamber of Commerce
Koblenz-Trier Rudolf Schmidt Factory owner, director of CS Schmidt Drahtwerke AG , Niederlahnstein
Kurhessen Rudolf Braun (1889–1975) Owner of the Uzara-Werke for pharmaceutical-chemical preparations in Melsungen , MdR, President of the IHK Kassel-Mulhouse
Magdeburg-Anhalt Johannes Müller (* 1887); GWB until 1935. Managing Director of Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke , President of the IHK Dessau
Magdeburg-Anhalt Martin Nathusius (1883-1941); GWB 1935–1939 Managing director of Polte-Werke , vice-president of the Magdeburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 1931
Magdeburg-Anhalt Walter Jander (1904–) Director and Syndic of Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG in Dessau; Member of the Chamber of Labor of the Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt
Mark Brandenburg Hellmut Börnicke (1891–); born in Berlin General director of the Brandenburgische Provinzialbank and Girozentrale
Main Franconia Kurt Hasslinger Economic advisor, Würzburg
Mecklenburg Hennecke von Plessen (1894–1968), GWB 1933–1942 Farmer, intelligence officer of the Wehrmacht , Short Trechow / Langen Trechow
Mecklenburg Fritz Montag , GWB 1942–1945 Gauobmann of the German Labor Front (DAF)
Middle Franconia Georg Schaub (1885–); born in Mainz President of the Nuremberg Chamber of Commerce
Munich-Upper Bavaria Hans Buchner (1896–1971) from 1933 economic expert of the Munich NSDAP and managing director of the Munich Chamber of Commerce
Munich-Upper Bavaria Alfred Pfaff (1872–1954) Industrialist; MdR; Chemists and process engineers in the iron and steel industry; Economist
Lower Danube Heinz Birthelmer (1884-1940); GWB 1938–1940 Engineer; General director of Eisenstädter Elektrizitäts AG , deputy. Governor of the Lower Danube
Lower Danube Lorenz Rhomberg (1896–1976); GWB from 1940 Industrialist, partner in the textile company Herrburger & Rhomberg in Dornbirn, head of the Vienna and Lower Danube Chamber of Commerce; after 1945 managing director of his company; 1962 Appointment to the Commercial Council .
Lower Silesia Johannes H. Meyer Director of Waggon- und Maschinenbau A.-G. , Goerlitz
Lower Silesia Otto Fitzner (1888–1945?) Mine director; Senator of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society since 1937; President of the Wroclaw Chamber of Commerce; Board member of Deutsche Bank since 1943
Francs Otto Strobel Director of AEG Nuremberg ; President of the Nuremberg Chamber of Commerce 1937–1939
Upper Austria Oskar Hinterleitner (1891–1978) Hafner; Managing Director and partner in the Ersten Linzer Tonöfenfabrik Schadler ; 1938–1944 President of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce and the Linz Chamber of Commerce; after 1945 employee of the Linz Chamber of Commerce
Upper Silesia Hans Joachim Radmann (1902–1945) Mine director, Beuthen
Upper Silesia Johannes Meier GWB 1937
Upper Silesia Arthur Jakob GWB 1939
East Prussia Waldemar Magunia (1902–1974) Master baker, MdR, Gauobmanns of the German Labor Front (DAF) in East Prussia, President of the Chamber of Crafts East Prussia, State Craftsman, Königsberg
Pomerania Ernst Harmer Governor of the Pomerania Province, Szczecin
Pomerania Erwin Fengler (1896–1980) Textile manufacturer, owner of the Stettin sack and tarpaulin factory , President of the Stettin Chamber of Commerce
Rheinpfalz Wilhelm Bösing (1902–1949) Teacher; Government councilor active in the Reich Commissariat for Saarland; MdR, Neustadt ad H.
Saar area Hermann Savelkouls Economic advisor to the German Front, Saarbrücken; Leader of the Trutzbund for economic justice in the Saar area ; from 1935 managing director of the Frankfurt Chamber of Commerce
Saxony Georg Lenk (1888–1946 / 7); GWB circa 1931–1933, 1936–1941 Owner of a lace and lingerie factory, Minister of Economics of Saxony, MdR
Saxony Hans Müller Commercial representative, Dresden
Salzburg Erich Gebert (1895–1978) Lawyer and business advisor; President of the Salzburg Chamber of Commerce from 1941
Central Silesia Maximilian Hettmer Wholesale merchant, general representative of HW Tietze , Breslau
Schleswig-Holstein Albert Malzahn (1899–) Managing Director, Elmshorn; President of the IHK Kiel 1934–1943; Chairman of the Landesbank of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
Swabia Otto Jung (1896–1942) Director of the Reich Association of the Clothing Industry, Lindenberg / Allgäu
Styria Alfred Fleischmann (1907–); born In Graz SS standard leader
Styria Armin Dadieu (1901–1978) Chemist and rocket expert at the University of Graz ; Head of the Südmark Chamber of Commerce in Graz; after 1945 a. a. Ltr. Of the institute for rocket fuels in Stuttgart
Sudetengau Wolfgang Richter (1901-1958) Civil engineer; Member of the Prague Chamber of Deputies; MdR; Chairman of the supervisory board of the Kreditanstalt der Deutschen in Reichenberg
Thuringia Heinrich Bichmann (1884–); GWB from 1931 MdL Thuringia; State Commissioner for Economy (Chambers of Industry and Commerce) in Thuringia
Thuringia Otto Eberhardt (1890-1939); GWB until 1939 Engineer, mine director of a montan wax factory in Karlsbad , Ministerialrat in the Thuringian Ministry of Economics, Weimar
Thuringia Walther Schieber (1896–1960); GWB from 1939 Chemist, chairman of the board of Thüringische Zellwolle AG in Schwarza ; Head of the industrial department of the Thuringia Chamber of Commerce
Tyrol-Vorarlberg Otto Wildgruber (1898–); born in Arco; GWB until 1939;
Tyrol-Vorarlberg Hans Georg Bilgeri (1898–1949); born in Brixen ; GWB from 1939 Lawyer; SS-Oberführer; Gaubeauftragter for the resettlement of the South Tyroleans
Weser-Ems Hermann Fromm (1896–); born in new end Bed feather and down manufacturer; Member of the board of directors of Bremer Landesbank; Ltr. Specialist subgroup bed spring industry
Westphalia North Adolf Mittag (1902–); born in Nuremberg Managing Director of the IHK Münster
Westphalia North Christian Franke (1891–1972) Industrialist, MdR, President of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce in Münster, member of the supervisory board of the Landesbank and Sparkasse headquarters for Westphalia
Westphalia-South Paul Pleiger (1899-1985); Engineer; Factory owner, Bochum; General director of the " Reichswerke Hermann Göring "
Vienna Walter Rafelsberger (1899–1989) Chairman of the Erste Österreichische Sparkasse ; after 1945 general agent of Jenbacher Motorenwerke for Italy in South Tyrol
Württemberg-Hohenzollern Oswald Lehnich (1895–1961) Political economist at the University of Tübingen ; Württemberg Minister of Economic Affairs, President of the Reich Film Chamber 1935–1939
Württemberg-Hohenzollern, (since 1936, previously deputy regional economic advisor) Walter Reihle (1896-); born in Schorndorf President of the Württemberg Savings Banks and Giro Association (1938–1945)

tasks

The main task of the Gau economic advisors was to advise the Gauleiter on economic and socio-political issues. The extent of this consultation can hardly be reconstructed, since the consultation was likely to have taken place mainly orally and was therefore not put on record. Obviously it depended on the personalities of the Gauleiter and his Gauwirtschaftsberater to what extent the Gauwirtschaftsberater could make their voice heard. For the Gau Westfalen-Süd the relationship between Gauleiter Josef Wagner and Gauwirtschaftsberater Paul Pleiger is described as “a relationship of trust based on mutual respect”. When Wagner moved to Silesia in 1934, his deputy Emil Stürtz actually took over the Gau management, who decided on economic policy issues without the participation of the Gau economic adviser. This led to Pleiger protests without consequences. From 1934 onwards, Pleiger had two full-time employees at his side as district economic advisors, to whom Pleiger gradually left not only routine matters but also political decisions due to a large number of other functions. A bureaucratic style of office developed, which went hand in hand with the bureaucratization of the entire Gau apparatus.

One of the other tasks of the Gau economic consultants was to participate in what is known as "leadership" to influence the population with the aim of consolidating National Socialist rule. The activities in "leadership" included:

  1. Monitoring the mood through monthly reports: The Gau economic advisors had to submit monthly reports to the Economic Policy Commission since the spring of 1934. They also contributed information on economic policy to the Gauleiter's monthly report to the staff of the Führer’s deputy.
  2. Propaganda: This included the writing of newspaper articles, the distribution of propaganda material and the activity as a speaker. The population should be conveyed the basic economic views in connection with current affairs, since - as it was said at a meeting of district economic advisors - "the economic-political equalization of all national comrades is a prerequisite for success." The speaker activity required possession of a speaker card ; the speeches should not deal scientifically with technical problems, but should serve economic propaganda.
  3. General welfare for the population: According to the ideas of the National Socialist leadership, the German people should be comprehensively “cared for, looked after and cared for”, according to Robert Ley at a meeting of regional economic advisors in 1941. For this purpose, functionaries such as the regional economic advisors should encounter difficulties in supply or on the labor market recognize them, report them in their monthly reports and take action on their own initiative.
  4. Control of attitudes and behavior of the population: The Gauwirtschaftsapparat created assessments of individual people, insofar as they were active in the medium-sized economy. Depending on the assessment, the statements could result in promotion, reward, disadvantage, elimination or punishment for the people concerned.

The Gau economic advisors were involved in the gradual expropriation of the Jews - called “ Aryanization ” in National Socialist parlance - by eliminating Jews from the medium-sized economy. It did this by preventing advertising for Jewish businesses and other harassment. For example, at the instigation of the Gauwirtschaftsapparats, Jewish businesses were searched under a pretext by the tax investigators, the supervisory and price authorities or the Gestapo in order to gain insight into business relationships. The Jewish entrepreneurs, but also their customers and suppliers, were then put under pressure. The Gau economic apparatus "checked" "Aryanization contracts"; Among other things, the professional and political suitability of the interested party, their financing, the planned dismissal of Jewish staff or the termination of business relationships with other Jewish companies were examined. Prospective buyers who were not acceptable to the Gauleitungen were turned away, purchase prices were arbitrarily set down and at least in some Gau, where - like Franconia or Württemberg-Hohenzollern - the conditions were particularly corrupt, the "Aryan" buyers were paid payments to the Gauleiter or individual NSDAP - Officials made a condition. The finding of the Gauwirtschaftsapparats that the "Aryanized" company was now more "Jew-free" was a prerequisite for the new owner to be able to place advertisements in newspapers. The expropriation of the Jews was legalized immediately after the November pogroms in 1938 with the ordinance to exclude Jews from German economic life .

Against the background of the striving for self-sufficiency and the armament of the Wehrmacht , the Gau economic advisors took on tasks in the search for mineral resources as part of the four-year plan from autumn 1936 . A network of voluntary "ore clerks" was organized in Gau Westfalen-Süd, who checked the sites and passed the results on to the responsible offices. The work was coordinated nationwide by the "Keppler Office" under Wilhelm Keppler, who had been working on the development of German raw material deposits since November 1934.

Already in the years before 1939 the Gau economic apparatus was involved in the provision of labor for the armaments industry in a sign of increasing labor shortages. During the Second World War , annual labor mobilization campaigns were carried out between 1940 and 1943. Businesses and administrations were checked and in some cases proposed to be closed because they did not seem necessary for the war, or the "combed out" of workforces was recommended. It was also examined how women and those not in work could be employed, especially in the arms industry.

Regional economic advisors and chambers

Within the polycratic power structures in the time of National Socialism, the area of ​​responsibility of the Gau economic advisors overlapped with the other organizations and offices from the state, party and economy, including that of the chambers as a professional body .

Departmental conflicts arose when other departments interfered in the area of ​​responsibility claimed by the regional economic consultants, or when the regional economic consultants were denied the right to participate in their opinion. Such conflicts were usually decided by the Gauleiter at the Gau level and by Hitler's “Führer decision” at the Reich level.

In certain cases, however, due to the special situation of a Gau, there were agreements between the Gauleiter and administrative bodies, such as in Baden , where the Gau coincided with the state and, unlike in Bavaria, for example, the Prime Minister only faced one Gauleiter. For example, Baden's Prime Minister Walter Köhler , who was also Minister of Finance and Economics, had a decisive influence on economic policy competencies in Baden and, in doing so, withdrew access to the chambers of the Gau economic adviser Clemens Kentrup, a favorite of the Baden Gauleiter and Reich Governor Robert Wagner , in 1936 even took over the office of president of a newly created " Baden Chamber of Commerce ".

In Hamburg the chambers tried with some success to differentiate themselves from the Gau economic advisors. The three Gau economic consultants who were in office between 1933 and 1945 were between 25 and 27 years old when they were appointed and were considered incompetent and arrogant in the Hanseatic business community. Accordingly, the chambers tried, in agreement with the state economic administration, to eliminate the influence of the district economic advisors on questions of industrial settlement or job creation as much as possible. Only in the area of ​​the “ de-Jewification of the economy ” and the “ Aryanizations ” did the old-established chambers willingly allow the Gau economic advisors to play a dominant role. The Hamburg Chamber of Commerce had already been very reluctant to record Jewish businesses and in 1938 referred “ Aryan ” applicants interested in Jewish businesses to the Gau economic adviser, because as a chamber it had “nothing to do” with such questions. Among other things, the Hanseatic Chamber circumvented the delicate problem of the " Aryanization " of companies, some of which had been members of the Chamber for more than a hundred years.

In quite a few cases, the regional economic advisor was also the chamber president. In these cases, the " Aryanizations " were "handled" in close cooperation between the chambers and the district economic adviser. The district economic advisor in the district of Kurhessen and President of the IHK Kassel-Mühlhausen , Rudolf Braun, with the active help of his IHK syndic, ensured the forced sale of the textile industry companies Baumann & Lederer and Fröhlich & Wolf , which are important for the armaments industry, to the Kassel- based mechanical engineering company Henschel & Son . Foreign interested parties who offered higher purchase prices were booted out. The owners of the Baumann & Lederer company were blackmailed into "sales negotiations" after they had been threatened with being sent to a concentration camp.

Oskar Hinterleitner, (Gau economic advisor Gau Upper Austria and President of the IHK Linz ) ran his "Aryanizations", from which he then personally benefited, in close coordination with his Gau leader August Eigruber , while the Baden Gau economic advisor Clemens Kentrup with the approval of the responsible President of the IHK Freiburg im Breisgau , Emil Tscheulin , personally became the owner of an "Aryanized" company. Kentrup was full-time director of the Tscheulin aluminum works in Teningen , and its owner, Emil Tscheulin, probably financed the purchase of the Jewish company in Lahr. Incidentally, Kentrup was married to a daughter of Cheulin. The case is an example of the amalgamation of party functionaries and chamber presidents, with obvious nepotism still playing a role here .

One of the aims of the cooperation between the district economic adviser and the chambers was to give preference to prospective buyers from the respective chamber district, as in the Baumann & Lederer - Henschel & Sohn case in Kassel. The Gau economic advisor in Gau Salzburg , who was also President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Salzburg , successfully fought off the takeover of a Jewish department store by the SS group leader and “Aryanization investor” from Hamburg-Altona , Curt Wittje , in favor of the “Aryan” Salzburg merchants . In this way, he ensured the liquidation of the trading house and thus the elimination of unpleasant competition for the “domestic” businesses.

literature

  • Hans Wagner: The transfer of Jewish businesses into German ownership, with special consideration of the conditions in Baden. Dissertation. State and economics Faculty. Masch. Heidelberg 1941.
  • Dirk van Laak : 'Aryanization' and Jewish policy in the 'Third Reich'. For the economic elimination of the Jewish population in the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial region. (PDF; 334 kB) State examination thesis, Essen 1988, edit. u. act. 2003.
  • Gerhard Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. Leadership - »Aryanization« - Defense economy in the Gau Westfalen-Süd. (Publications of the Provincial Institute for Westphalian State and Folk Research of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Volume 27). Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1989, ISBN 3-402-06931-8 .
  • Helmut Alexander, Michael Gehler : "I was a staunch National Socialist." Aspects of a forgotten biography: Dr. Hans Georg Bilgeri. In: Austria in history and literature. 37/3, 1993, pp. 133-169.
  • Horst Schreiber : The seizure of power: the National Socialists in Tyrol 1938/39. (Innsbruck research on contemporary history 10). Haymon-Verlag, Innsbruck 1994, ISBN 3-85218-152-6 .
  • Frank Bajohr : "Aryanization" in Hamburg. The displacement of Jewish entrepreneurs 1933–1945. (Hamburg contributions to social and contemporary history, vol. 35). Christians, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-7672-1302-8 .
  • Hartmut Berghoff , Cornelia Rauh- Kühne: Fritz K. A German Life in the Twentieth Century. DVA, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-421-05339-1 .
  • Roland Peter: The chambers under the swastika . In: Bernd Boll, Ursula Huggle (ed.): The Chamber of Commerce and Industry Southern Upper Rhine: History and field of activity of the Freiburg and Lahr chambers. IHK Südlicher Oberrhein, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1998, ISBN 3-00-002797-1 , pp. 139–174.
  • Susanne Meinl, Jutta Zwilling: Legalized robbery - the plundering of Jews under National Socialism by the Reich Finance Administration in Hesse. (Scientific series of the Fritz Bauer Institute; Vol. 10). Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37612-1 .
  • Daniela Ellmauer, Michael John, Regina Thumser (eds.): "Aryanizations", confiscated assets, provisions and compensation in Upper Austria . (Publications of the Austrian Commission of Historians) (Deprivation of assets during the Nazi era as well as provisions and compensation since 1945 in Austria, 17/1). Vienna / Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7029-0521-9 .
  • Peter Melichar : Displacement and Expansion: Expropriations and Provisions in Vorarlberg. (Publications of the Austrian Historical Commission 19) Oldenbourg, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-486-56783-7 .
  • Jörg Osterloh: National Socialist Persecution of Jews in the Reichsgau Sudetenland: 1938–1945. (Publ. Collegium Carolinum, Vol. 105). Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57980-0 .
  • Gerhard Kratzsch: The economic political district office: the district economic adviser. In: Jürgen John , Horst Möller , Thomas Schaarschmidt (eds.): The NS-Gaue: regional middle instances in the centralized "Führer state". Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58086-0 , pp. 218-233.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, p. 501.
  2. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 14ff, 25.
  3. Erich Stockhorst : 5000 heads. Who was what in the 3rd Reich . 2nd Edition. Arndt, Kiel 2000, ISBN 3-88741-116-1 , p. 293.
  4. Thomas Grosche: Georg Lenk. Economics Minister of Saxony. In: Christine Pieper, Mike Schmeitzner, Gerhard Naser (Eds.): Braune Karrieren. Dresden perpetrators and actors in National Socialism. Sandstein, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-942422-85-7 , pp. 180–186, here p. 181.
  5. Bajohr: "Aryanization" in Hamburg. 1997, p. 174.
  6. ^ Van Laak: 'Aryanization' and Jewish policy in the 'Third Reich'. 2003, p. 35.
  7. Peter: The chambers under the swastika. 1998, p. 159.
  8. Berghoff, Rauh-Kühne: Fritz K. 2002, pp. 119-134.
  9. especially from the table in Kratzsch: The economic political district. 2007, p. 232f; and Stockhorst: 5000 heads: who was what in the 3rd Reich. 2000.
  10. Melichar: repression and expansion. 2004, p. 104.
  11. with Georg von Giesche's heirs under Eduard Schulte ; possibly inadvertent informant of Schultes about the mass gassings in concentration camps
  12. ^ Osterloh: National Socialist persecution of Jews. 2006.
  13. Schreiber: The takeover of power. 1994, p. 137.
  14. Schreiber: The takeover of power. 1994, p. 130; Alexander & Gehler 1993.
  15. Berghoff, Rauh-Kühne: Fritz K. 2002, pp. 119-134.
  16. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, p. 501.
  17. This assessment by Kratzsch: The Gauwirtschaftsapparat der NSDAP. 1989, p. 501.
  18. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 44f, 502.
  19. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, p. 500.
  20. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 45, 51ff.
  21. ^ Report on a meeting of district economic advisors on November 12, 1937, quoted in Kratzsch: The Gauwirtschaftsapparat der NSDAP. 1989, p. 60.
  22. quoted in Kratzsch: The Gauwirtschaftsapparat der NSDAP. 1989, p. 64.
  23. quoted in Kratzsch: The Gauwirtschaftsapparat der NSDAP. 1989, p. 91f.
  24. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 149f, 505ff.
  25. Berghoff, Rauh-Kühne: Fritz K. 2002, chap. 6, pp. 119-154.
  26. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 16, 508.
  27. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, pp. 16, 509.
  28. ^ Kratzsch: The Gau economic apparatus of the NSDAP. 1989, p. 503.
  29. Peter 1995; P. 50.
  30. Bajohr: "Aryanization" in Hamburg. 1997, p. 174ff.
  31. Meinl, Zwilling: Legalized Robbery. 2004, p. 54.
  32. Ellmauer u. a. (Ed.): "Aryanizations", confiscated assets. 2004, p. 249ff.
  33. Peter: The chambers under the swastika. 1998, p. 160.
  34. ↑ light blue 2004; P. 64.