Heinrich Hunke (politician)

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Heinrich Hunke, before 1938

Heinrich August Johann Hunke (born December 8, 1902 in Heipke ; † January 8, 2000 in Hanover ) was a German economic ideologist, propagandist and party politician of the NSDAP and the Federation of Expellees and Disenfranchised (BHE) and spatial planner . He was a member of the Reichstag, a high official in the Reich Ministry of Economics, military economic leader and NSDAP district economic advisor .

After the Second World War he was a member of the Lower Saxony State Parliament for the BHE and served as a senior official in the Ministry of Finance of the State of Lower Saxony , most recently as Ministerial Director .

Live and act

From 1909 to 1917 Hunke attended elementary school and then completed a teachers' seminar in Detmold by 1923 , which he completed with the examination to become an elementary school teacher. He then began studying geography, economics, mathematics and physics at the Universities of Münster , Göttingen , Berlin and Halle . At the same time he worked with interruptions from April 1923 to November 1926 as a teacher in Lippe.

He joined the NSDAP as early as 1923. From 1924 to 1925 he was district leader of the National Socialist Freedom Party in Lippe and Westphalia , which was founded after the NSDAP was banned. In 1926 he passed both a high school diploma for the upper secondary school in Berlin-Lichterfelde and the second examination to become a primary school teacher. In October 1927 he obtained his doctorate as Dr. rer. nat. at the University of Halle on the topic of acoustic intensity measurement .

From November 1927 to October 1933 he worked as a consultant and research assistant at the Heereswaffenamt in the Reichswehr Ministry . On June 1, 1928, he became a member of the re-founded NSDAP as member no. 91.273 out of conviction. In the same year his political party career began, where he worked as a Gau economic advisor and head of the economic policy department in the Gau Berlin for the NSDAP. He held this position until 1945.

In 1929 he passed the examination to become a trainee lawyer, became a trainee lawyer and at the same time was organizational leader II for the NSDAP and economic policy officer of the Reich leadership of the NSDAP for the Gau Greater Berlin until 1933. He continued his academic career in 1930 with the examination for assessor and became a study assessor . In 1931 he became editor of the newly founded magazine Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft. Journal for National Socialist economic development , which he oversaw until 1945, apart from a few interruptions. Above all, district economic consultants should be addressed with this magazine.

From 1932 he was a clerk in matters of air protection for the faction of the NSDAP in the Reichstag. Furthermore, he became head of the Gaus Groß-Berlin in the Kampfbund for the commercial middle class , which in 1933 became part of the National Socialist Crafts, Trade and Trade Organization (NS-Hago). In 1934 he argued in a magazine article for the nationalization of the big banks.

Through his party work, he became closer to Joseph Goebbels , who supported him and gave him a Reichstag mandate in constituency 3 of Potsdam II from July 1932 to the end of October 1933 for the NSDAP. He held another NSDAP mandate in the Reichstag during National Socialism from November 1933 to October 1944.

In addition, in 1933 Hunke became a member of the NSDAP's Defense Policy Office in Berlin. From 1934 until the end of the Nazi regime, he was a member of the examination committee for the protection of Nazi literature. As a representative of Adolf Hitler, he supervised the basics of education in National Socialism from 1934 to 1945 as chief editor in the "Office of Literature Maintenance" .

From the end of October 1933 to the beginning of October 1935, he was the full-time managing director and deputy president of the advertising council of the German economy . He continued his academic career as department head for economic and social policy at the German University of Politics in Berlin from October 1933.

At the beginning of January 1935 he was appointed honorary professor at the Technical University of Berlin at the Defense Technology Faculty for the subject of economics, which was never completed . He became a civil servant in October 1935. This was the prerequisite for being appointed Ministerialrat in the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (RMVP).

Together with Bernhard Köhler , he founded the Wirtschaftswwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft in November 1936 and then largely brought about the dissolution of the Verein für Socialpolitik .

From the end of January 1939 to 1945 he was President of the Advertising Council of the German Economy and thus at the same time military economic leader .

At the beginning of January 1941 he became head of Department VII for Abroad in the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda . After being promoted to Ministerial Director in August 1941, from April 1942 to the end of 1943 he also headed the RMVP's committee for foreign advertising on radio.

Hunke was a member of the leadership ring of the Society for European Economic Planning and Greater Economy , which planned and promoted the structuring of all of continental Europe under German rule, the New SS Europe.

Change to Deutsche Bank

In the NSDAP chancellery, Hunke was a member of the banking committee from 1942 to 1945. At a conference on November 17, 1942, the Gau Chamber of Commerce asked for members of the NSDAP to be included in the boardroom of Deutsche Bank .

Since, in the opinion of director Hans Oesterlink, Hunke was a moderate National Socialist, and Hunke was familiar with questions of economics and business advertising, the choice fell on the board of directors of Deutsche Bank on Hunke. In an article in 1934, Hunke spoke out in favor of the nationalization of the large banks and insurance companies based in Berlin, but this led to contradictions within the NSDAP.

Hermann Abs and Oswald Rösler had previously spoken to Hunke on a joint trip to Vienna in December 1942, but he declined because of his numerous political commitments. In the middle of 1943 there were tensions in the RMVP between Hunke and Goebbels as a result of the task, which led to disappointments at Hunke. Through the mediation of Reich Minister Walther Funk , he was then offered a move to Deutsche Bank.

On September 16, 1943, he was appointed by the supervisory board to the management board of Deutsche Bank, which was later promoted to director. He did not take up his position until April 1, 1944, as he had to relinquish all other offices beforehand. Since Hunke had no experience in banking practice, he remained an “absolute zero” in these positions, as Abs said in an interrogation with a US officer.

End of war and post-war period

Shortly before the conquest of Berlin, Goebbels learned of Hunke's intention to express the hopelessness of a further defense against the Wehrmacht leadership and the political leaders. Fearing Goebbels ’anger about it, Hunke left Berlin early on April 23, 1945, albeit with an official mandate . He reached Hamburg three days later. On July 19, 1945 he stayed near Detmold, only to be arrested by the Allies on July 20, 1945 in Schötmar near Lemgo .

He then spent three years in US internment custody. In the course of denazification , he was classified as a "fellow traveler" by the responsible committee in Detmold in March 1950 . In the same year he was able to return to his previous activities when he became a member of the board of the central committee of the advertising industry . Until 1953 he worked as a manufacturer of rubber threads. Then he could hope for a position in the civil service again.

Politically, he orientated himself in the Federation of Expellees and Disenfranchised (BHE) for refugees and kept in close contact with the National Socialists. He belonged to the inner leadership circle in the Naumann circle of the former State Secretary Werner Naumann , who worked for the restoration of National Socialist rule. He was a member of the state board of GB / BHE in Lower Saxony and was elected to the Lower Saxony state parliament in the state elections in 1955 . At the same time he was hired from May 1955 to December 1967 in the Ministry of Finance of Lower Saxony as a civil servant. There he was promoted to head of the department for assets and financial aid and to ministerial director. Because of this activity, he resigned his parliamentary mandate on September 14, 1955. For him moved Carl-Alfred Schumacher after.

At the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (ARL) in Hanover, founded in 1946, as Secretary General he devoted himself to issues of spatial development and spatial management; the academy was financed by the state. The president of the ARL was Kurt Brüning , whom Hunke knew from his pre-war studies as a teacher. With Brüning, Hunke founded the Institute for Regional Planning and Spatial Research .

Later he worked as a local researcher. The information about his past was forgotten, e.g. B. congratulated the Lippische Landes-Zeitung in 1982 on his 80th birthday with the words "A Lipper who is highly deserving of the German economy".

Nazi economic ideology

Nature of Nazi economic policy

After Bernhard Köhler, the head of the Economic Policy Commission of the NSDAP, died on April 25, 1939, Hunke became the outstanding economic ideologist in the Nazi regime. In his essay Grundzüge der deutschen Volks- und Wehrwirtschaft , which appeared in seven unchanged editions until 1943, he summarized the articles and speeches he had published up to then.

In eight points, Hunke described the essence of the National Socialist economic policy .

  1. the Nazi economy is a people-bound economy
  2. the Nazi economic policy
  3. the leadership of Nazi economic policy. The supreme principles of National Socialist economic policy are divided into two principles: the implementation of the right to work instead of social welfare, and the realization of performance competition as a process of selection in life.
  4. Volkish overall goals in connection with the Nazi economy
  5. Character of the Nazi economic policy after Bernhard Köhler
  6. Nazi economic policy and the relationship between state, politics and economy
  7. Determination of the economic goal
  8. The science of economic policy

On this point, Hunke took over the statements made by Max Weber , which he made in his inaugural address on the nation state and economic policy in 1895 and which led to violent protests:

The science of economic policy is a political science. She is a servant of politics, not of the day-to-day politics of the ruling rulers and classes, but of the nation's constant power-political interests .

The supposed correspondence between Max Weber's thesis and the National Socialists' view, Hunke attributed to the Nazi conception of the economic policy of the leadership of the NSDAP as the actual ruler in the Nazi regime. Weber was clearly referring to the nation as the reference base for economic policy, but not to a ruling state party.

The military detention of the German economy

Hunke saw the peace economy that he called as inadequate preparation for the actual requirements of the First World War .

In order to justify the military economy , Hunke referred directly to the role of the Wehrmacht and expressed the following formula:

In any case, the armament is the best that grows organically out of the economy, and the war economy is the worst that is not inherent in the peace economy.

This point of view led to a public confrontation with the Wehrmacht, since the plans to attack the war in 1939 had long been in place and the armament of the Wehrmacht was constantly being continued. In the foreword to the fourth edition, Hunke wrote: The military economy appears more and more in the form of the Wehrmacht economy .

Dispute about the term military economy

In 1939 Hunke published the article Wirtschaft, Volkswirtschaft, Wehrwirtschaft with the subtitle A dispute about the concept of the military economy . This article appeared in the book Contemporary Questions in Economics . He responded to his critics on the part of the Wehrmacht, who assumed that the military economy should be understood as the war economy.

After an introduction to the main features of the economy and national economy, Hunke described the military economy in three points:

  1. The making of the economy defenseless means its re-integration into national life.
  2. Making the economy defensible means gaining the autonomy of the national economy or shifting the focus of the national economy to one's own area.
  3. The making of the economy under military control then ultimately means preparation for the eventuality of armed conflict.

Although Hunke spoke out against military dominance in the economic leadership, he was by no means opposed to an armaments policy that was deemed necessary: ​​in 1940 he turned against a reduction in armaments production after the Western campaign .

The so-called Jewish question

In the subchapter The politically run economy , Hunke also comes across the Jewish question (Nazi jargon) when considering the liberal people and asserted that the Jewish question and the department store problem are now a thing of the past, each practically solved for himself have.

People and space in Europe

In December 1940, Hunke published an article in the journal for geopolitics with the title People and Space in the New Economic Policy of Europe . He used the comparison of the German and English economic views from his point of view as the starting point for the considerations.

While the English view is based on the theory of the market, the German view is based on the concept of living space in the following four points:

  1. A closed settlement in Europe as a sufficient space to live and grow
  2. Your own life should be shaped in political and economic independence. To do this, it is necessary to shift the focus of the German economy back to the state .
  3. It must be ensured that the development of a continental European economic community is recognized . This should use its own economic forces as well as the mutual economic performance of friendly neighboring countries. In an emergency, accessible neighboring states should also be accessed.
  4. An additional space on a colonial basis should be created for the German economy; that is common and possible in the world .

The habitat and its justification

Hunke then goes into the concept of living space as an economic relationship to other peoples. This German demand also means the living space of other peoples . The core of this thought is the formation of a new European order , whereby the living space of other peoples is also guaranteed.

The initiative to reorganize Europe came from Germany and Italy because:

  • the idea of the empire had again become the concept of order in Europe;
  • the German Reich laid the new foundation for the economy;
  • With the establishment of a new foundation for the economy, the Reich will guarantee the new rules of the game of economic policy as the largest producer and consumer .

The European economic community

As early as the end of 1940, Hunke argued here with the view that the peoples of Europe had come together to form a large working group as a result of the German economic recovery . On this basis, he derived a projection of the consequences of this economic community :

1. Instead of the market there will be the exhaustion of the productive forces of the peoples . Furthermore, freedom of work will replace freedom of economy, because one not only wants to produce goods within the framework of world market prices, but also goods that are permitted by the forces of the people and space . At the same time he spoke out against a customs union because it was only a means of economies on the same level.

2. Hunke stated the goal of building a habitat community , without thinking about the destruction of monocultures . The economic development of Europe will result from the focus of the German state economy. However, the small nations in Europe should note that they are dependent on their neighbors. The difference to the previous liberal rules of the game will be that these countries of the European economic community have a safe and good buyer of the goods. They couldn't do that on their own.

3. In contrast to the English economic view, the aim of German economic policy will be to pay more attention to eastern and south-eastern Europe, as has already happened in the past seven years. In doing so, not only projects that appear particularly profitable should be implemented.

4. Hunke postulated full employment as the crowning goal of the European economic community , as Germany has already achieved. The development of crucial parts of the continent would occupy forces to an extent which few today can properly imagine .

At the end of the article, Hunke made another prophecy: A new era was beginning for the old continent. People and space are no longer props , but rather they form the life of the state and are carriers of development.

The worldview of the new Europe

See also : National Socialist European Plans

In October 1942, a supplement with the title “Constitution of the European Economic Community” appeared in the magazine Die deutsche Volkswirtschaft . Hunke wrote the sub-chapter "The worldview of the new Europe". Initially, Hunke did not only speak of a new awareness among the European peoples. The political and economic barriers that have existed for the continent so far would fall. Hunke described about the new worldview in eight points .

  1. The new Europe will not be a gift, but will grow from the strength of the Axis powers and the combined European forces. Here'll Germany's claim to leadership with European interests coincide. England will, however, pursue an interference policy that serves interests alien to Europe .
  2. Hunke turned against British economics with its content of market freedom, capital entanglement and international freedom of movement . Based on the experiences of the German economic miracle , three new foundations of life would be opposed: living space, the organization of work and the freedom of national work .
  3. Instead of the market term, the thesis of the living space is being moved. With regard to the importance of people and space , Hunke emphasized the moral and legal ties, social necessities and the security of the future . This should for the European peoples the same rights as apply to us German: Europe will be a habitat society .
  4. The prerogative of capital would be replaced by the organization of human labor . Starting with the individual, a new world of economy will arise with the right to work . Full employment would then be a permanent feature of European economies . On this basis, the national economies could for the first time bring all their forces into a real competition for performance with other nations in order to start building their national prosperity .
  5. The freedom of national labor would take the place of unlimited freedom of movement . These changes are synonymous with the duration of the economic relationship and the constant access to essential goods .
  6. The National Socialist economic management would lead to a complete orientation of the entrepreneur on the interests of the whole . This is achieved through the task of economic education, the formation of a new economic ethos and the breeding of economic leaders . Hunke names a hypothetical alternative that the future will show in which economy there is greater freedom . However, the choice had already been made for the Nazi economy.
  7. Hunke assumed a victory for the Nazi regime in the war for Europe. In this case, even after the war, trade with other countries will be increased on the basis without crises. As an example of his thesis, he cited Southeastern Europe , where an economic crisis had ruled in 1933. Germany liberated the entire south-east from the crisis through its consumer power . In contrast to England, which from 1820 to the present only issued bonds to these countries, Germany helped these countries out of their financial debt by providing decent prices for imported goods . The result was an increase in prosperity in these countries. On the other hand, this development will benefit sales of German products . This is how the constructive economic policy of European cooperation will look in the future . This will also solve the social question in Europe. The possibility of advancement for the individual worker is given by the right to work and full employment . Also, the European farmers going through the security of the paragraph to intensify its work be initiated, thereby providing increased production and would create both an increased income.
  8. The new tasks in Eastern Europe would give all European economies undreamt-of possibilities for deploying their forces . This would create a general basis of trust as the basis for all intergovernmental cooperation . A continental feeling will arise , which is an indispensable prerequisite for the European future . Therefore, what the Italian economist Carlo Scarfoglio (1887–1964) declared in this context will prove to be correct :

Anything that harms or oppresses a nation on the continent harms and oppresses the entire continent; anything that benefits one nation on the continent without harming others is beneficial for the entire continent; whoever turns one mainland nation against another is an enemy of the entire continent and must be put out of action without hesitation .

Ten postulates on German and European economic policy

In September 1943, Hunke published the article “The core questions of the economic and political struggle of the present” as a reprint in the magazine Die deutsche Volkswirtschaft , in which he praised the German economy as an example for the greater Europe area. The starting point of the text was a speech by Hunke on September 16, 1943 before the Society of Berlin Friends and the Economic Council of the German Academy in the Hotel Kaiserhof in Berlin.

In ten postulates he presented the basic concept for this:

  1. Based on the principle of the politically managed economy, which is a controlled economy but not a planned economy , the economy will no longer stand as an independent legal entity alongside other vital forces such as culture, the state, and law, but rather act as a function of the people . The National Socialist principle would be: lead, not manage .
  2. The political demand for the complete enforcement of the right to work will be derived from the realization of full employment . The military economic necessities would have to be taken into account. An assessment would result from the necessities of the day , but would not be raised to any economic policy principles .
  3. It is not the task of the state to run the economy in principle, but the entrepreneur. The art of business management will be to breed and employ suitable personalities for the company . They should be able to operate with the necessary freedom and set up a performance competition.
  4. The private property is guaranteed and inviolable provided as the basis of the economy. The moral and economic justification of private property will result from this.
  5. The German example of the national economy will form the recognized German claim to order and leadership in Europe . This German claim should not be understood as an attempt at exploitation or as a claim to rule , but rather serves to eliminate powers alien to the area and to restore neighborly cooperation .
  6. Despite the German claim to leadership, the European nations should be given the right to operate their economy according to their autonomous principles . However, there would be restrictions in the living space community in Europe, which were limited to a minimum by political and military necessities: It requires constant access to the essential goods and exhaustion of Europe's productive forces for common defense .
  7. The new European economic community would be based on the recognition of the principle of reciprocity and the principle of duration in international economic relations . The German leadership will by no means insist on the plundering of Europe, as the public in Europe perceives of interstate relations in the present . That is wrong. Germany does not plunder Europe, but enables the other European economies to function during the war . The clearing passivity is based on the fact that Germany will lead the struggle against foreign powers for all of Europe .
  8. The European productive forces benefited from the acquisition of German experience and services new development opportunities. On the German side, agricultural machines are supplied, industrial goods are invested, loans are granted, adequate prices are paid, and, in addition, training is provided by German experts and a mutual exchange of experience is carried out.
  9. After the war, the requirements of the European economic community were at the center of German trade policy. Thus there will be no return to the principle of liberal trade policy. In doing so, however, trade relations with countries outside Europe should not be restricted. This will result from full European employment and the increased consumption it generates . However, the essential goods would primarily be taken from the area of ​​the European economies .
  10. The aim of German economic policy and the European economic community will be to secure and raise living standards . This should be achieved through your own strength and joint work .

In the publication Der neue Tag , one day after the lecture, Hunke described these ten points as theses . In December 1943 the same article was published in the German-Greek Business News, pp. 21f. Hunke's statement about the plundering of Europe by Germany was no longer printed. In the same year he published the book title Ten Theses on the World Discussion . The background to the accusation that the occupied territories were plundered by the Wehrmacht was the London Declaration of January 5, 1943, Interallied Declaration against acts of dispossession committed in territories under enemy occupation , which was passed by allied and neutral states.

In a compilation from October 19, 1943 for the planning office, which was entitled Ideas for European Economic Planning, Hunke assessed these ten points as important for the general propagation of a European economic sentiment .

Nazi propaganda and Nazi politics

According to his own statement, Hunke began with the propaganda for National Socialism as early as 1924. From 1933 to 1936 he was supposed to give more than 250 speeches on NS economic policy to organizational groups of the NSDAP, the Hitler Youth , the Wehrmacht, the German Labor Front (DAF), of the Reichsnährstandes , the administrative academies, the universities and the economy. Furthermore, he wrote down his ideas in countless articles , according to Hunke, which appeared in various magazines, but above all in the magazine he edited, Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft .

Because of his work in the Reichswehr Ministry from 1917 to 1933 he was able to make contacts and acquaintances with employees of the Ministry, so that he was later able to establish connections between the Wehrmacht and various NSDAP organizations. In his work as Vice President from 1933 and then from 1939 as President of the Advertising Council of the German Economy , he had the task of representing the interests of the Nazi economy abroad through propaganda. For this purpose he also gave lectures abroad. He performed in Zurich on September 23, 1941 and in Paris on April 26, 1944.

In July 1940 there was a dispute in the Nazi leadership over the scope of further armaments. Göring demanded from Walther Funk an increased shutdown of production facilities for civilian products in order to gain capacities for armaments. On June 4, 1940, Hunke wrote a memorandum on this, in which he spoke out against the continuation of the shutdown and thus supported Funk.

In September 1941, doubts arose in the Nazi leadership that the war against the Soviet Union could be ended within a few weeks. Goebbels relied on information from offices in the armaments industry. But in a statement dated September 24, 1941, Hitler insisted that the Taifun operation and the associated advance on Moscow had ended the campaign. Hunke provided a memorandum for this assumption. In it he took the position that with the conquest of the European parts of Russia the base of the Soviet armaments industry had been removed.

At the RMVP he continued these activities as head of the international department. In recognition of his work in the field of propagating Nazi economic policy, he was awarded the gold Leibniz Medal in October 1941 . While some of his written down views were assessed as moderating, he expressed his approval with regard to the leadership of the white race in the sense of the Nazi racial ideology :

There may be other races who also have a large share of trade in their hands, but the development of the modern economy is closely tied to the conquest of the world by the white race (in: Wirtschaft, Volkswirtschaft, Wehrwirtschaft).

In 1941, with the decisive mediation of Hunke, an agreement on a work agreement was concluded between the Foreign Office and the RMVP, which concerned Nazi propaganda abroad. Here he was able to apply his accumulated knowledge and skill in a diplomatic way. He achieved great success in July 1943 when, under his key leadership, a guideline on foreign propaganda was agreed between the AA, the RMVP, the Reich Ministry of Economics , the Advertising Council of the German Economy and the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW).

A prominent point in this agreement came from Hunke. He wanted to shake the American nimbus , the erroneous belief in the unlimited possibilities of the USA for the production of armaments, by contrasting the numbers of German armaments production. This should be taken up offensively in the foreign propaganda. The propaganda commission of the IG-Farben dealt with this bill on July 21, 1943.

Robbery of Jewish property

As early as 1934, Hunke took up activities in the position of Gau economic adviser for Berlin to oust Jewish citizens from functions and property relationships. On March 10, 1934, he wrote to Emil Georg von Stauss that the director Richard Landsberger would be removed from the board of the Orenstein & Koppel (O&K) machine factory and replaced by a representative of the NSDAP. Then Hunke pushed the owner Alfred Orenstein out of the company, who then went abroad.

But even after that, Hunke continued his measures against the O&K company, as Friedrich Carl von Oppenheim was still a member of a Jewish banking family on the supervisory board. Hunke insisted on leaving Oppenheim, as otherwise the company would not have received any more government contracts. It was only when Oppenheim left the Supervisory Board in February 1936 that the company was given the title of German company .

Hunke also participated directly in the Aryanization (Nazi jargon) of a company. After the ownership rights of the Jewish owners of the Erste Berliner Dampf-Rosshaarspinnerei (EBRO) were withdrawn, in 1938 Hunke borrowed 100,000 Reichsmarks from Otto Gerlitz, a member of the board of directors of Reichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft AG , in order to purchase the company. Hunke was grateful for the loan and so Gerlitz was able to become a member of the board of the Association of Berlin Merchants and Industrialists (VBKI), Vice President of the Berlin Chamber of Commerce and President of the Berlin Stock Exchange.

In 1938, the entrepreneur Eugen Garbaty was deprived of ownership of his Garbaty cigarette factory in Berlin-Pankow . Hunke stepped in according to his previous activities and rejected Philipp Fürchtegott Reemtsma's proposal to dissolve the company. Hunke left it to Reemtsmas' direction to find a new owner. Afterwards, Hunke was very accommodating to Reemtsma, as he told him in a letter dated October 13, 1938:

I was just as pleased as you were about the factual treatment of the Garbaty de-Jewishness. As soon as questions of this kind come back to me, I would like to turn to you.

Offices and functions until 1945

  • since 1928 regional economic advisor to the Berlin regional government of the NSDAP
  • since 1932 member of the NSDAP Reichstag
  • 1933: Head of a group for defense economics of the Society for Defense Policy and Defense Sciences in Berlin
  • 1933: Participation in the defense policy office of the NSDAP in the Berlin office
  • 1935: Prussian Provincial Councilor for the Reich capital Berlin
  • Chairman of the committee for "rural exodus from commercial enterprises" at the Academy for State Research and Reich Planning
  • 1937: Councilor in Berlin
  • 1938: President of the Association of Berlin Merchants and Industrialists e. V.
  • from 1939: President of the Advertising Council of the German Economy
  • from the beginning of 1941 ministerial director / head of the foreign department of the Reich Propaganda Ministry; at the same time chief editor of the party official "Examination Commission for the Protection of Nazi Literature"
  • from 1944 member of the board of directors at Deutsche Bank

Membership until 1945

Participation in the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (ARL)

  • Secretary General (1949–1954)
  • Vice President (1960–1965 and 1971–1974)
  • Full member (from 1953)
  • Member of the Scientific Council (1954–1959 and 1975–1978)
  • Head of the Regional Economic Affairs Research Committee
  • Head of the Research Committee on Space and Finance
  • Head of the research committee for fundamental issues of spatial research and regional development
  • Member of the Space and Transport Research Committee
  • Head of the Working Group on Spatial Effects of Public Spending
  • Deputy Head of the Working Group on Problems of Public Finances in Urban Areas
  • Member of the working group on traffic tariffs as a means of spatial planning
  • Member of the North German Federal States Working Group
  • Head of Section II: Sectoral and Integrating Aspects and Instruments (1975–1979)
  • Member of Section I: Planning Processes and Research Methods
  • Participants in the Scientific Plenary Session in 1963
  • Head of the editorial committee of "Floor Plan of Spatial Planning"

See also

Fonts (selection)

Books:

  • Landscape and settlement in the Lippe region, Niedersächsische Verlagsbuchhandlung Karl Bäkmann, Bad Pyrmont 1931.
  • Lippe and its position in the Reich reform - an economic and transport geographic study , Niedersächsische Verlagsbuchhandlung Karl Bäkmann, Bad Pyrmont 1932.
  • Book and bookseller in the new state. With a foreword by Heinz Wismann, Haude & Spener, Berlin 1934.
  • Basic features of the German national and military economy. Haude & Spenersche Buchhandlung Max Paschke, Berlin 1937. 3rd edition revised in 1938, 6th edition 1942.
  • The new commercial advertising. A foundation of German advertising policy , Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1938
  • Hanseatic League, Downing Street and Germany's living space . Edited by H. Hunke, Haude & Spenersche Buchhandlung Max Paschke, Berlin 1940
  • Hanseatic League, Rhine and Reich . Ed. Hunke, draft u. Overall design by EF Werner-Rades, Haude & Spenersche Buchhandlung Max Paschke, Berlin 1942.
  • The basics of intergovernmental European economic relations . Verlag Gronau, Jena 1942. In the series of publications of the German Scientific Institute in Bucharest
  • On the prosperity of European nations - speech to the representatives of French economic policy and economy in Paris on April 26, 1944. With Jean Bichelonne., Publisher Berlin W 8, Friedrichstr. 194/99 Prof. Dr. H. Hunke. 1944
  • Space and economy. National accounts, community classification , Bremen 1953
  • 10 years of economic expansion in Lower Saxony as reflected in the public budget , Bremen 1959
  • Floor plan of spatial planning , Academy for spatial research and regional planning, Hanover 1962
  • Location and form of spatial research. An epistemological study of the spatial problem in regional development , Hanover 1964
  • Tax statistics as the basis of spatial studies. Shown in the example areas of Bavaria and Lower Saxony-Bremen , Hanover 1971
  • The share of urban areas in public budgets with special consideration of investments - shown in the example areas of Bavaria and Lower Saxony-Bremen , Hanover 1972
  • Spatial planning policy, ideas and reality. Studies on the anatomy of West German spatial development in the 20th century in its demographic and macroeconomic integration , Hanover 1974
  • Regional economic long-term series: Investigations on the basis of tax statistics , Hanover 1975
  • The production factor soil in the market and planning system - an analysis of the ideas in German spatial and soil policy in the 19th and 20th centuries , Hanover 1976
  • Floor plan of the spatial planning , Hanover 1982
  • In the footsteps of the people in the west of Lippe , Detmold 1984

Essays:

  • (Pseudonym H. Heinrichsen), National Socialism and World Economy , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft - Journal for National Socialist Economic Development. Ed. Heinrich Hunke, Haude & Spenersche Buchhandlung Max Paschke 1932, pp. 13-16 and 56-60
  • (Pseudonym H. Heinrichsen), Fundamentals of the National Socialist Economy , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft , 1932, pp. 154–160
  • The Papen Plan , in ibid. 1932, p. 289
  • Economy and economic sentiment , in ibid. 1933, p. 268 f.
  • Nationalization of the big banks , in ibid. Issue 3, 1934, pp. 3–6
  • The German economy in the force field of National Socialism , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft, 1934, pp. 110–112
  • The situation , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft , 1934, p. 481f
  • Air threat and air protection, with special consideration of the German air defense , Mittler, Berlin 1935
  • Basics of National Socialist Economics , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft, 1935, pp. 15–19 and 827–830
  • The location. A chapter on military economics , in ibid. 1935, pp. 297–299
  • Core issues of the military economy , in ibid. 1936, pp. 19-21
  • Defense and economy in the great war , in: Walter Jost , Friedrich Feiger (ed.): What we do not know about the world war. Publisher H. Fikentscher, Leipzig 1936.
  • Economy, national economy, military economy. An argument about the concept of the military economy , in: ders., Erwin Wiskemann : Contemporary questions of economics. Friedrich von Gottl-Ottlilienfeld on his 70th birthday, Junker and Dünnhaupt Berlin in 1939
  • The leader and economic policy , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft, 1939, pp. 454f
  • Public health and advertising . Speeches of the Reich Health Leader u. Reichsärzteführer StateR. Dr. Conti, the pres. D. Reich Health Office Prof. Dr. Rider and d. Pres. D. Advertising rates d. German Economy Prof. Dr. Hunke, held on d. Kundgebg d. Advertising rates d. German economy "Public health and advertising" on May 25, 1939 in d. Univ. Berlin. With Hans Reiter , Verlag C. Heymann, Berlin 1939.
  • Speculative or constructive economic policy? Lecture to the Silesian Chamber of Commerce and the Foreign Trade Office for Silesia, War Fair 1940, Breslau 1940 (also in Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft, 1940, pp. 496–499)
  • Imperial concept and European economy. Lecture February 15, 1940, Hamburg 1940
  • People and space in the economic and political reorganization of Europe , Journal of Geopolitics, Volume 17, No. 12, December, 1940, p. 573
  • The foundations of international economic relations , in: The German economy
  • Lecture on the occasion of the Cologne Spring Fair on March 30, 1941 in the Hansasaal of the Cologne City Hall , DuMont Schauberg , Cologne 1941
  • For Europe's sake , in: Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft, No. 19, 1941, p. 670
  • Address of the President of the Advertising Council of the German Economy on the occasion of the opening of the "New German Materials Show" in Zurich on September 23, 1941 , Zurich 1941
  • Achievements, worries and tasks of the Berlin economy , speech of the Association of Berlin Merchants and Industrialists in December 1941 (in the Federal Archives under NS 1B / 621)
  • Psychology and advertising technology in insurance advertising , Berlin 1942
  • The basics of international European economic relations , Gronau, Jena 1942
  • Work and defense as the cornerstone of Europe , Berlin 1942
  • The worldview of the new Europe , in: Constitution of the European Economic Community, supplement to the magazine "Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft", October 1942, p. 1027 f.
  • European Economic Community Ed .; with Walther Funk et al., Association of Berlin Merchants and Industrialists & Business School Berlin, Berlin 1942, again 1943
  • The basic question: Europe - a geographical concept or a political fact , in: Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft, Berlin 1942
  • Ten theses on economic policy , in: Der Neue Tag . Prague 17th September 1943
  • Ten theses on the world discussion about the most burning economic problems of war and the future , Deutscher Verlag, Berlin 1943
  • The core questions of the economic struggle in the present , in: Zeitschrift für Politik, 1943, issue 10/11, pp. 425–435

literature

  • Christof Biggeleben, Kilian Steiner, Beate Schreiber Eds .: "Aryanization" in Berlin 1933–1945 , Berlin 2005, 2007; therein: Chr. Biggeleben: The displacement of the Jews from the Berlin Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the "Association of Berlin Merchants and Industrialists"
  • Micha Brumlik; Susanne Meinl; Werner Renz Ed .: Legal injustice. Racist Law in the 20th Century . Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 3-593-37873-6 , 2005 yearbook on the history and effects of the Holocaust. Ed .: Fritz Bauer Institute, Study and Documentation Center on the History and Effects of the Holocaust, Frankfurt.
  • Lothar Gall et al: Deutsche Bank 1870–1995 . Munich 1995.
  • Dieter Gosewinkel: Economic control and law in the National Socialist dictatorship . Frankfurt 2005.
  • Ludolf Herbst : Total war and the order of the economy. The war economy in the field of tension between politics, ideology and propaganda 1939–1949 . Stuttgart 1982.
  • Thomas Hertz: The Berlin Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the "Third Reich". in: The Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce. A contribution to the economic history of Berlin. de Gruyter, Berlin 2008; E-book: ISBN 978-3-11-021021-7 ; Print: ISBN 978-3-11-020669-2 .
  • Harold James: The Deutsche Bank and the Nazi Economic War Against the Jews . New Jersey 1996.
  • Hauke ​​Janssen: Economics and National Socialism. German economics in the thirties . Marburg 1998.
  • Manfred Jenke : The national right. Parties, politicians, publicists . Berlin 1967.
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Frankfurt 2003.
  • Birgit Kletzin: Europe from race and space. The National Socialist Idea of ​​the New Order . Lit, Berlin 2000 a. ö. (readable online: google books) HH passim (17 mentions).
  • Christopher Kopper : Bankers under the swastika . Hanser, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-446-40315-9 .
  • Christopher Kopper: Between Market Economy and Dirigism - Banking Policy in the "Third Reich" 1933–1939 . Bouvier, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-416-02529-6 .
  • Bernhard R. Kroener a . a .: The German Reich and the Second World War . Volume 5/1, Stuttgart 1988.
  • Joachim Lilla: extras in uniform. The members of the Reichstag 1933–1945 . Düsseldorf 2004.
  • Erik Lindner: Garbaty. A cigarette factory in Pankow . in: Christof Biggeleben, Beate Schreiber, Kilian JL Steiner Ed .: "Aryanization" in Berlin , 2005.
  • Manfred Overesch et al: The 3rd Reich 1933–1938 . Augsburg 1991.
  • Martin Schumacher Hg .: MdR - The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism . Düsseldorf 1992.
  • Wolfgang Schumann (Ed.): Reach for Southeast Europe . Berlin 1973.
  • Wolfgang Schumann, Ludwig Nestler: World domination in sight . Berlin 1975.
  • Wolfgang Schumann (ed.): Germany in the Second World War . Volume 5, Cologne 1984.
  • Jutta Sywottek: Mobilization for total war - the propaganda preparation of the German population for the Second World War. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1976, ISBN 3-531-05063-X . At the same time dissertation at the University of Hamburg
  • Eckart Teichert: Autarky and large-scale economy in Germany 1930–1939 . Munich 1984.
  • Hermann Weiß (Ed.): Personen Lexikon 1933–1945 . Vienna 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Interrogation of Kurt Freiherr von Schröder by representatives of the prosecution at IMT 1945, quote: For example, Deutsche Bank appointed Hunke to its board of directors, who was a leading person in the party. in Dietrich Eichholtz u. a. Ed .: Anatomy of War. New documents. VEB Vlg. D. Sciences, Berlin (East) 1969, Doc. 18, p. 101, as well as in the documentary volumes of the Nuremberg Trials.
  2. ↑ Beate Baldow , episode or danger? The Naumann affair. Diss. Phil. FU Berlin , 2012, p. 313
  3. ↑ Lippisches authors lexicon with addenda. - 1986. - p. 99, at the Lippische Landesbibliothek [1]
  4. ↑ Basic features of the German national and military economy. Haude & Spenersche Buchhandlung Max Paschke, Berlin 1937. 5th edition 1940, p. 37f.
  5. ↑ Minutes of the meeting in Dietrich Eichholtz u. a. Ed .: Anatomy of War. New documents. VEB Vlg. D. Sciences, Berlin (East) 1969, Doc. 18, p. 428ff. Source Archiwum Glównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce, IG Farben Trial in Warsaw, Doc.NI-6657
  6. ↑ All data from: Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning (Ed.): 50 Years of ARL in Facts, ARL, Hanover 1996, p. 177.
  7. ↑ [2] ( RTF ; 219 kB) gives in English again: cpl. Table of contents and authors; Introduction of the Hunke; Text of the funk
personal data
SURNAME Hunke, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hunke, Heinrich August Johann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP, BHE), MdR, MdL, economic ideologist, propagandist and party politician of the NSDAP
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Heipke
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 2000
Place of death Hanover