Aigen (Salzburg)

The Aigen district

Aigen ( Bavarian : Óang ) is located on the south-eastern edge of the city of Salzburg and is one of the most expensive residential districts in the state capital . The district of Aigen has an area of 355.6 hectares and around 10,000 residents. Celebrities such as the Porsche and Piëch families , Franz Beckenbauer and Renate Thyssen-Henne live in the posh quarter .

The independent local community of Aigen, constituted from the village of Aigen from 1850, was created from the area of the parish vicariate of Aigen and incorporated partly on July 1, 1935 and entirely on January 1, 1939 into the city of Salzburg and partly to Elsbethen.

location

To the north of Aigen is the Parsch district , with Nesselthalergasse and the green space around the old farm Jägergut and the Fischbachvilla west of the railway line forming the border to Parsch, and east of the same the Preuschenpark around Abfalterhof and Maria-Cebotari-Strasse. The Salzach forms a natural border in the west and the Gaisberg in the east .

history

About the name: aigen , Old High German eigan means "have, to have" and as a noun it primarily refers to (inherited) property or free ownership. The "property" means in Middle High German the free property right. An Aigner is therefore a free, non-taxable farmer.

Aigen is essentially a residential area. The majority of these villas with their large parks were built between 1850 and 1914. After the turmoil of the Viennese Revolution of 1848 and especially after the construction of the southern railway, a spirit of optimism in Salzburg led to hectic building activity. The wealthiest citizens wanted to live in Aigen as a status symbol. Famous villas are the Grünbichlhof (built in 1855), the Villa Schmederer (inherited in 1887), the villas Honsig and Erlenburg , and above all the Villa Walburga (built in 1863), which was rebuilt in 1883 and then called Villa Lamberg and which was named after one in 1924 Renewed renovation as the Trapp-Villa achieved fame - not least because of the film The Sound of Music . The well-known Trapp family lived in this villa, which included an extensive park and an agricultural area, until they emigrated in 1938. SS leader Heinrich Himmler lived in the confiscated house from 1939 to 1945 . In 1953 the Congregation of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood purchased this villa.

Culture and sights

Aigner Church

Aigen Parish Church (Salzburg)

The church, which was first mentioned in 1411 as part of a renovation and is consecrated to St. John the Baptist, was a branch of the cathedral parish until 1852 . Until 1689 it was a purely Gothic church. In the years before 1691 it was converted to Baroque style, and the first Baroque high altar followed in 1717. The church became its own parish in 1852. Between 1909 and 1911 the Aigner Kirchlein, after it no longer met the requirements of a parish church in any way, was rotated around its own axis in a complete reconstruction according to the plans of Franz Wagner and thus significantly expanded. In 1969 the church was restored under the diocesan architect Pierich. In 2003 a new organ was built by the Strasbourg organ builder Gaston Kern with the assistance of the organist Stephan Aichinger. The “ Silbermann organ” is a rarity in the Salzburg organ landscape.

Aigen Castle

The Schloss Aigen is already 1402 as "Free self" owned by the cathedral chapter mentioned, and was in 1614 to a noble residence. In the Baroque period, Aigen Castle was owned by the Counts of Kuenburg . In 1804 it was acquired by the Salzburg canon Ernst Fürst Schwarzenberg. The current owner is Landolf Graf Revertera, who is also known for his energetic Romanian aid initiative. The castle stood empty for a long time, but was completely renovated in 2016–2018 with public funding.

In the 19th century, the castle also gave its name to the district with the old settlement centers of Glas and Abfalter, until it was incorporated into the state capital on January 1, 1939. Parsch was incorporated in the course of the first expansion of Salzburg in 1935 and has since formed its own district.

The Aigner Park

Around 1780, during the Enlightenment, the English landscape park was created east of Aigen Castle, which was significantly expanded under the canon Ernst Fürst Schwarzenberg in 1804 and soon with its pulpit, gloriette, grottos, hermitages, wooded slopes, winding paths, viewpoints, gorges, waterfalls , Pulpits and bridges achieved international fame. It was stylized as a paradise and a reflection of heavenly glory. The Aigner Park has been glorified by many painters and widely sung about by poets. He is also mentioned in detail in many contemporary travel reports. The way to Aigen and the way from here to the Gaisberg summit became a kind of pilgrimage. The enlightened but militarily structured lodge of the "Illuminati" (close to the Freemasons) met here regularly. The springs there were considered to be medicinal, so that a medicinal bath was also established here. The park with its paths, viewpoints, grottos and waterfalls is one of the most important monuments of horticultural art of the early 19th century. In memory of its great cultural and historical importance, the Aigner Park is also a protected part of the landscape according to the Salzburg Nature Conservation Act.

The Aigner cemetery

Today's Aigner cemetery was located at the Aigner church and is documented there as early as 1447. When the space around the church became too small, d. H. A new, much larger cemetery was laid out away from the church. Since the incorporation of the Aigen district in 1939, this former parish cemetery has been looked after by the City of Salzburg. The cemetery was significantly enlarged in 1992/1993.

Aigen and its parts

Glass

The oldest settlement center in today's Aigen district is Glas, the name of which probably goes back to a Roman name Glasa , which lay on the old Roman road that led from Salzburg in the south via Cuccule ( Kuchl ) to Teurnia (near Spittal ) and on to Aquileia . In 1868 a broken bowl with a dolphin relief was found in the Roman villa of Salzburg - Glas (Aigen) (Salzburg Museum). The first records of the place Glasa are known as early as 790 (donation from the Bavarian Duke Theotbert to the Nonnberg monastery). In the Middle Ages, Glas was a dreamy farmer's nest, secure against flooding on the alluvial cone of the Gaisberg, the higher part of which was called Oberndorf .

Today, Glas and the town of Glasenbach von Elsbethen are largely grown together: the former Oberndorf and the hillside locations are Elsbethen, but the Ursuline monastery is still in the Salzburg municipality ( postcodes 5026 Salzburg-Aigen , 5061 Salzburg and 5061 Elsbethen-Glasenbach ). It is also misleading that Glas is located on the Glasbach , but Glasenbach is on the Klausbach ( Glasenbachklamm ).

Doktorschlössl: The oldest preserved building in the village of Glas is the Doktorschlössl , the former Radaun Castle, which was first mentioned in 1116 as the property of Nonnberg Monastery . The married daughter of cathedral builder Santino Solari also lived here .

Villas in glass:

Villa Stolz, built in 1845, demolished in 1997

apart from the closed settlement area:

Villa Phillips (later Villa Horvath), inherited in 1853

Aigen middle

The central area of Aigen developed mainly between the Aigen Castle and the Aigen train station, which was then built in 1876, as a residential area that was initially loosely built between 1850 and 1914. First of all, Canon Stolz, the painter Johann Fischbach and some ladies-in-waiting of the Empress widow Carolina-Augusta (who herself spent several summers in Aigen) built their villas here in spacious, loose buildings. Extensive development - especially the parts of Aigen Mitte near the Salzach river - began after 1950.

Villas in Aigen Mitte :

Villa Lanser-Gyllenstorm, built in 1862/63
Villa Kummer (later Villa Schönburg-Hardtenstein), inherited in 1922
Villa Coudenhove I (later Villa Salm), inherited in 1856
Villa Coudenhove II (later Villa Reedl), inherited in 1861
Villa Walburga (by architect Valentin Ceconi), later Villa Lamberg (by V. Ceconi), then Villa Trapp , inherited in 1863
Villa Fackler (later also Villa Fux), inherited in 1901

apart from the closed settlement area:

Forest villa Prince Schwarzenberg, inherited in 1886

Abfalter

About the name: The name apfal-ter is a Middle High German term (Old High German affrolta), which was then used next to the "apfelboum" and was called apple tree (the syllable "-ter" is preserved in a similar form in the English "tree"). In the hedge landscape of Aigen-Abfalter, the crab apple (the wild archetype of the apple) was not uncommon in the past. Perhaps a cultivated apple tree was also eponymous for this old cultivated landscape.

The Abfalter district emerged substantially after the Second World War. Around 1900 only the Villa Preuschen stood in the center of the district in the middle of a large park. This villa was built after 1887 in the late historical style. Previously, there was an old farm, the Abfaltergut, which was probably built in 1635, surrounded by fertile fields. The local farms were increasingly enclosed by the growing settlement areas.

The Preuschenpark is now partially a public park. In Abfalter there is also an elementary school and a municipal kindergarten (Dr.-Petter-Straße 19 and 21). The streets of Abfalter near the Salzach are named after famous sculptors.

Villas in Abfalter:

Abfalterhof: In its original form, it goes back at least to the 17th to 18th centuries. In 1909 the estate was sold to Clemens Freiherr von Preuschen. The housing group owns a country house, a former stable and a home. Many details of the old manor have been preserved.
Villa Jany (Villa Ornig), built in 1884, rebuilt in 1903
Villa Erlenburg (born 1906)
Villa Rudholzer (Villa Attems), inherited in 1904, demolished in 1975
Villa Joachim (Villa Künßberg), (Ernst-Grein-Str. 6, Villa Schmerling): Built around 1860 for the famous violinist Joseph Joachim . From 1863 Joachim always lived in this villa in summer, an interesting building from early historicism, which also became important as the artist's residence. In 1869 Johannes Brahms and Clara Schumann visited the violin virtuoso to make music together with Joseph Joachim, including the string quartet op. 51 in A minor. In 1870 Brahms visited the violinist to review his string quartet.
Villa Bellegarde (Villa Grein, Villa Preuschen), inherited in 1860, demolished. 1963
Grünbichlhof (Villa Kahlenbeck) inherited in 1855
Villa Hahn (Villa Thurn und Taxis), inherited in 1854, demolished. 1960

Aigen today

Aigen owns the second oldest still operating train station in the state capital. This is served every half hour by the Salzburg S-Bahn . The district is well connected to the public transport network with the S3 and city bus line 7. Alongside the Alpine Road, Aigner Straße is the most important connection to the southern Tennengau . For pedestrians and cyclists, the Ignaz-Rieder-Kai extends along the Salzach to Elsbethen .

The St. Virgil education center of the Archdiocese of Salzburg and the Schloss Aigen campsite and the Salzburg Jewish cemetery are located in the district .

Personalities

Albert Birkle (* 1900 in Berlin; † 1986 in Salzburg), painter, his villa is on Gersbergweg
Johann Fischbach (* 1797 in Graveneck, † 1871 in Munich), landscape painter, built the Fischbachvilla in Aigen
Hans Hauser (* 1911 in Aigen near Salzburg, † 1974 in Salzburg), skier in the 1930s
Max Hauser (* 1912 in Aigen near Salzburg, † 1983 in Salzburg), skier in the 1930s
John Heartfield (* 1891 in Berlin; † 1968 in East Berlin), German photomontage artist and set designer; Part of childhood in Aigen
Wieland Herzfelde (* 1896 in Weggis / Switzerland; † 1988 in Berlin), German publicist, author and publisher; Childhood in Aigen
Hermann Joseph Hinterstoisser (* 1861 in Aigen near Salzburg; † 1932 in Defreggen / East Tyrol), surgeon, chief physician, chief medical officer and hospital director in Teschen ; Brother of Franz Hinterstoisser
Franz Hinterstoisser (* 1863 in Aigen near Salzburg, † 1933 in Vienna), pioneer of Austrian aviation.
Simon Rettenpacher (* 1634 in Aigen; † 1706 in Kremsmünster), playwright, poet, historian and chronicler
Franz Seywald (* 1891 in Aigen; † 1944 in Salzburg), state official
Lelio Spannocchi (* 1911 at Aigen Castle, † 1986 in Sarleinsbach); Member of the National Council of the ÖVP
Emil Spannocchi (* 1916 at Aigen Castle; † 1992 in Wiener Neustadt); Austrian general
Honorary citizen: Johann Hell (teacher from 1852 in Aigen, bestowed by the community in Oct./1883)
Honorary citizen: HR Lienbacher (1821 - June 13, 1914, for his work in the Salzach regulation, awarded April 3, 1892).

literature

Helene Karrer: 200 years of villa construction in Aigen. With Abfalter, Parsch and Glas. Edited by the Aigen Initiative. Aigen Initiative Association, Salzburg 1995.
Helene Karrer: The development of villa architecture in Aigen Salzburg. Diploma thesis. 1990, stored in the Salzburg University Library .

Web links

Commons : Aigen (Salzburg) - Collection of images, videos and audio files