Zutphen county

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map of the County of Zutphen

The rule and later county of Zutphen developed from Zutphen Castle at the confluence of the Berkel and the IJssel in what is now the Dutch province of Gelderland . It emerged as an independent county in 1046 and comprised the northern part of the Gaus Hamaland .

Since the county comprised an area similar to the Achterhoek landscape , today Achterhoek and De Graafschap are used synonymously, despite their different backgrounds.

history

High Middle Ages

The county in northern Hamaland was founded in August 1046 by King Henry III. (1039-1056) given to the Bishop of Utrecht after he had deposed the previous owner, Gottfried with the Beard , Duke of Lower Lorraine , from the Wigeriche family because of rebellion.

The document from 1046 allows the conclusion that Gottfried or his father and predecessor, Duke Gotzelo I , had appointed a feudal count in northern Hamaland , someone who was enfeoffed with the exercise of the count's office by the imperial count. It seems that the situation arose shortly after Christmas 1025, because Duke Gottfried's father and predecessor, namely from September 1024 to Christmas 1025, was in opposition to the succession of Emperor Heinrich II by Konrad II , but was with him at Christmas 1025 reconciled. During this time Konrad had given a favorite, Werner, property in southern Hamaland and on the Veluwe , which Adela von Hamaland had owned because of her involvement in the murder of Count Wichmann III from Billung . had been confiscated in October 1016. In a document issued between 1046 and 1056, a Count Wecelo (a well-known form of Werner) operated in southern Hamaland, so that it can be assumed that Wecelo / Werner was Count of southern Hamaland. As a result, a count should also have been installed in northern Hamaland, probably the progenitor of the later Zutphener count's house, Gottschalk († 1063).

Since Gottschalk did not take part in the uprising of his Duke Gottfried with the beard, he was able to remain in office after his defeat. Normally he would have become an imperial count, but since Heinrich III. 1046 donated the northern Hamaland to the bishop of Utrecht, this did not happen, and Gottschalk remained liege count, now the bishop. So in 1046 the "County of Northern Hamaland" was created, which was soon called "County of Zutphen".

In the deed of 1046 the boundaries of the county are described as follows: "De Rathnon (Rande bei Diepenveen) ad Hunne (the Schipbeek bei Olst), de Hunne ad Weicstapolon (Weggestapelen, between Bathmen and Holten an der Schipbeek) inde ad Westerfle ( Westerflier near Diepenheim), de Westerfle ad Agastaldaburg (Hazelberg near Lochem), de Agastaldaburg ad Stenere (Steenderen) per silvam, et in alia parte Isle de Louene (Leuvenheim near Brummen) usque ad Erbeke (Eerbeek near Brummen), de Erbeke ad Suthemp (Empe near Voorst), et item ex alia parte Isle ad Ascethe (Eschde near Gorssel). ”The donation also included the right to mint coins in Deventer .

The best-known Count of Zutphen is Gottschalk's son Otto II , whose daughter Ermengard married Gerhard von Wassenberg around 1127 , which merged the County of Zutphen and the County of Geldern. The couple's son, Heinrich I , then appeared as Count of Geldern and Zutphen. When Geldern was raised to a duchy in 1339, people spoke of the "Duke of Geldern and Count of Zutphen".

Late Middle Ages and 16th century

Geldern and Zutphen came to the Counts of Jülich in 1371, to the Egmond family in 1423 and to the Von der Mark family in 1538 , who were at the same time dukes of Jülich , Kleve and Berg, as well as counts of Mark and Ravensberg , and lords of Ravenstein .

In Gelderischen succession dispute between the from the marrow and the Habsburgs , the county came together with the Duchy of funds in 1543 due to the Treaty of Venlo to Habsburg . Since then, the county of Zutphen has belonged to the Burgundian Empire .

In 1579 the "seven provinces", the later republic of the Seven United Netherlands , separated from the empire. The three northern quarters (administrative districts) of the Duchy of Geldern (also called "Niederquartiere"), namely Arnhem (Veluwe), Nijmegen (Betuwe) and Zutphen, joined the new state.

See also: List of the Counts of Zutphen

Cities in the County of Zutphen

In addition to the capital city of Zutphen, the following places in the county received city rights:

Castles in the County of Zutphen

The following castles still exist today:

Other castles are in ruins:

literature

  • Willem de Vries: De opkomst van Zutphen. Universitaire Pers / Van Gorcum, Arnhem 1960.
  • Martina Maria Doornink-Hoogenraad: A brief history of Zutphen. Van Someren / Ten Bosch, Zutphen 1962, ISBN 9-060-11314-4 .
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .

Web links

  • Maps from 1654: Het Graeffschap Zutphen. Driede Vierdeel van Gelderlandt . van Biesen, Arnhem 1654 ( digitized version )

Footnotes

  1. AMJA Berkvens: "In wesen sal het Tractaet van Venlo onderhalden." Het Tractaat van Venlo as fundamentele wet van Spaans en Oostenrijks Gelre 1580–1794 . In: Frank Keverling Buisman (ed.): Verdrag en Tractaat van Venlo. Herdenkingsbundel, 1543-1993 . Lost Hilversum 1993, ISBN 90-6550-371-4 , pp. 153-170.
  2. AMJA Berkvens: De overheidsinstellingen van Spaans en Oostenrijks Gelre (1543-1795) . In: Wil van de Pas (ed.): "Tussen centraal en lokaal gezag". Bestuurlijke organisatie en financieel beheer in Gelre en Holland tijdens de Habsburgse period . Works Gelre, Hilversum 2004, ISBN 90-6550-831-7 , pp. 151-190.