Grigori Efimowitsch Grum-Grschimailo
Grigory Grumm-Grzhimaylo ( Russian Григорий Ефимович Грум-Гржимайло ; scientific transliteration Grigory Efimovič Grum-Gržimajlo ; surname also Грумм-Гржимайло / Grumm-Grschimailo * February 5 . Jul / 17th February 1860 greg. In Saint Petersburg , † 3 March 1936 in Leningrad ) was a Russian geographer , zoologist and explorer. His younger brother was the metallurgist Vladimir Efimowitsch Grum-Grschimailo .
Live and act
Grigori Grum-Grschimailo was born into the family of an economist . In 1884 he graduated from the natural history section of the physical-mathematical faculty of the St. Petersburg State University . While still a student, he made his first trip to the Kalmyk steppes to research the lepidopterological fauna of the area.
First trips
Between 1884 and 1887 Grum-Grschimailo traveled the Pamir and the mountains to the west and north:
- 1884: from Osch over the Alai and the Trans-Alai to the Karakul and the upper reaches of the Wachsch
- 1885: from Samarkand to the mountain regions of the Emirate of Bukhara - the Hissar Mountains and cities such as Qarshi , Kurgan-Tjube , Kuljab and Garm
- 1886: again from Osh through the western part of the Tianshan via Naryn to Kashgar , back through the Alai
- 1887: through the eastern part of the Pamir, from Karakul to the easternmost and northernmost foothills of the Hindu Kush and Karakoram
The results of these trips were u. a. in the books description of the bordering the Pamir countries (1886, Russian) and Le Pamir et sa faune lépidoptérologique (1890 French; Volume IV of the Grand Duke and historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Romanov published Mémoires sur les Lepidopteres ) published.
China expedition
After a trip to the Middle Urals in the summer of 1888, Grum-Grschimailo led a major expedition through Djungaria , Xinjiang and Gansu from 1889 to 1890 . The route led from Werny via Gulja , Dihua and Suzhou to the Lanzhou area and back. The expedition reached the Kuku-Nor Lake , crossed the central part of the Nan Shan and for the first time demonstrated the depression character of the Turfan Depression by measuring 130 meters below sea level (today's figure 154 m). The results of the expedition were published in the three-volume description of the trip to western China (1896–1907, Russian).
Later trips
Between 1903 and 1914 Grum-Grschimailo undertook a series of further research trips through various border areas of the Russian Empire and neighboring countries:
- 1903: from Saissansee through the Mongolian Altai to Kobdo and through the Tannu-ola Mountains back to the Russian part of the Altai ( Kosch-Agatsch )
- 1908: from Chita the Ingoda , Shilka and the Amur down to the Sea of Okhotsk and the Shantar Islands ; then up the Ussuri and to Vladivostok
- 1911–1912: in Turkmenistan from Ashchabad to Tejen , through the Kopet Dag to the Caspian Sea and along its south coast; then through the Lesser Caucasus via Yerevan and Kars to Batum
- 1914: from Krasnoyarsk on Minussinsk in which was founded the same year as Belozarsk today Kyzyl in the former Urianhai area ; back on the Yenisei
From 1920 to 1931 Grum-Grschimailo was Vice President of the Geographical Society of the USSR . During this time he was also a lecturer in cultural studies in Asia at various Leningrad universities. In 1928 he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .
After Grum-Grschimailo, a glacier over 30 kilometers long on the almost 7000 meter high Revolution Peak in the Pamir, a glacier in the Tawan-Bogd-Uul massif of the Altai and a pass in the Sichote-Alin are named after Grum-Grschimailo .
Grigori Grum-Grschimailo was the older brother of the metallurgy engineer Vladimir Grum-Grschimailo , who was mainly active in the Urals and who further developed the Bessemer process and other methods of steel production and adapted it to the conditions in Russia.
Works
(Selection, next to the one mentioned in the text)
- Report on my trip to the Alai region (1885, German)
- Report on my trip to eastern Bukhara (1887, German)
- Description of agriculture in Turkestan (1886, Russian)
- Description of the Amur region (1894, Russian; comprehensive monograph)
- Western Mongolia and the Urjanchai region (1914–1930, Russian; monograph in 3 volumes)
In addition, Grum-Grschimailo wrote a large number of essays on zoological, especially lepidepterological topics as well as on political and historical geography and ethnography of Mongolia and other areas of Central Asia. He was co-author of the Brockhaus-Efron , the quasi-state encyclopedia of Tsarist Russia.
Web links
- Article Grigori Grumm-Grschimailo in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Grum-Grschimailo, Grigori Eefimowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Грум-Гржимайло, Григорий Ефимович (Cyrillic); Grum-Gržimajlo, Grigorij Efimovič (scientific transliteration); Грумм-Гржимайло, Григорий Ефимович (alternative form, Cyrillic); Grumm-Grschimailo, Grigori Jefimowitsch (alternative form, German transcription) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian geographer, zoologist and explorer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 17, 1860 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | St. Petersburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 3, 1936 |
| Place of death | Leningrad |