Henckel von Donnersmarck
Henckel von Donnersmarck is an Austro-German noble family . It has its origins in the former Upper Hungarian landscape of Spiš (today Spiš in Slovak ), where the ancestors once lived as Hungarian-German settlers.
The family, aristocratic since 1593 , rose to great wealth first through trade in Austria, then through mining in Upper Silesia .
history
The progenitor of the family is a 14/15 Henckel de Quintoforo from Donnersmark in today's Slovakia was mentioned in the 19th century and owes its Latin as well as its German name to the market that took place there on Thursdays.
The German and Hungarian King Sigismund von Luxemburg gave the brothers Peter, Jakob and Nikolaus Henckel de Quintoforo a coat of arms on August 1, 1417 in Constance , at the time of the Constance Council taking place there .
Lazarus I. Henckel von Donnersmarck “the Elder” (1551–1624) went to Vienna and began trading in goods and money as a factor in a company in Ulm. From 1581 he built up his own company for wholesaling cattle, cloths and wine Vineyard and later other lands. A Hungarian nobility confirmation for the entire family with "de Quintoforo, aliter von Donnersmarckh" took place on April 27, 1593. Between 1595 and 1600 Lazarus I granted high credits for the Turkish wars to the imperial court chamber and in 1603 participated in the copper mines in Neusohl . In 1607 his nobility diploma was confirmed, in 1608 he received the Bohemian Inkolat , in 1615 he was raised to the rank of baron. As the financier of Emperor Rudolf II, he laid the actual basis for the family's rise. Although he adhered to the Lutheran faith, he held high offices in Vienna (councilor, city court assessor). Shortly before his death, Emperor Ferdinand II pledged the Silesian lordships of Beuthen , Oderberg and Neudeck to him in 1623 .
His son, Lazarus II (1573–1664), called Lazy , acquired the pledged goods in 1629 as his property. On December 18, 1636 in Regensburg, Emperor Ferdinand II raised him to the status of an Austrian-Austrian baron and at the same time an imperial baron with the name of Henckel von Donnersmarck on Gfell and Wesendorf . On July 29, 1651, he was raised to the status of hereditary-Austrian count in Innsbruck by the Tyrolean Prince Archduke Ferdinand Karl . On March 5, 1661, Emperor Leopold I in Vienna awarded him the title of Bohemian Count.
In 1670 the family divided their inheritance into the Fideikommisse Beuthen and Tarnowitz-Neudeck. It suffered by the Catholic line Bytom - Siemianowitz and the Protestant line Tarnowitz - Neudeck . On November 14, 1697, the "elevation" of Beuthen to free class rule followed in Vienna .
Count Carl Lazarus from Neudeck (1772–1864) operated hard coal mining on his property and built iron and zinc works and rolling mills. His son Guido inherited this, took over the previously leased companies on his own and expanded them considerably by founding joint stock companies, such as the United Königs- and Laurahütte . He owned 27,500 hectares of land and in 1913 was the second richest person in Prussia after Gustav Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach with an estimated fortune of 254 million marks . On January 18, 1901 in Berlin, Count Guido received the Prussian title of Prince as Count Henckel, Prince of Donnersmarck, from the German Emperor Wilhelm II . The emperor had been friends with Guido for a long time, whom he regularly visited for hunting at Neudeck Castle . On May 8, 1916, he set up the Fürst Donnersmarck Foundation in a notarial act to support people with disabilities, then known as the “Foundation Fürst Donnersmarck Institute in Berlin”. The Guido Mining Museum is named after Prince Guido . He died in 1916 and did not live to see the cession of East Upper Silesia to Poland as a result of the Treaty of Versailles . The family was expropriated by the communists in 1945 .
Possessions
Lazarus I. Henckel von Donnersmarck acquired the Lower Austrian winery Nussdorf ob der Traisen in 1591 and started an extensive wine trade. The estates and lordships of Gföll ( Gföhl ), Wesendorf and Weißenkirch also came first as a pledge and finally came into his possession. In 1623, Emperor Ferdinand II, in his capacity as King of Bohemia, gave him the lordships of Beuthen , Oderberg and Neudeck in pledge; his son Lazarus II acquired them as property in 1629. From 1697 the former Duchy of Bytom was converted into a free class rule for Count Leo Ferdinand, which after the First Silesian War in 1742, like almost all of Silesia, fell from Austria to Prussia .
In 1670 the family inheritance was divided into the Fideikommisse Beuthen and Tarnowitz-Neudeck . The first representative of the Protestant Tarnowitz-Neudecker line was Carl Maximilian Count Henckel von Donnersmarck, who had the old castle in Neudeck redesigned in the Renaissance style between 1670 and 1680; in the 18th century it was converted to Baroque style and expanded in the 19th century in the Tudor style . In 1868, Prince Guido had a new, second castle built, Neudeck Castle. In 1945 the property was expropriated and the castles destroyed.
The Upper Silesian possessions also included Tarnowitz , Siemianowitz (where the Laura Hut was built in 1835 ), Annaberg , Polish Krawarn , Nakło Śląskie and Grambschütz , as well as the Moravian-Silesian Oderberg and the Lower Silesian Romolkwitz and Hirschhügel Castle in Thuringia. Wolfsberg Castle (Carinthia) has been owned by the family since 1846 .
Siemianowitz Castle
Annaberg Castle
Nakło Castle
Brynek Castle
coat of arms
The family coat of arms shows in a divided shield a growing gold-crowned blue lion above in gold, below three (2: 1) silver roses in red. The lion grows on the helmet with the blue and gold covers .
Known family members
- Lazarus I. Henckel von Donnersmarck (1551–1624), wholesaler, banker and mining entrepreneur
- Lazarus III. Henckel von Donnersmarck (1729–1805), registrar and mining industrialist
- Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (General) (1785–1876), German Lieutenant General
- Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (diplomat) (1817–1887), German manor owner, court official and diplomat
- Lazarus IV. Henckel von Donnersmarck (1835–1914), German manor owner and politician (center), MdR
- Viktor Amadeus Henckel von Donnersmarck (1727–1793), general, governor of Koenigsberg
- Elias Maximilian Henckel von Donnersmarck (1748–1827), Prussian major general
- Eleonore Maximiliane Ottilie Henckel von Donnersmarck , b. von Lepel (1756–1843), since 1804 Chief Chamberlain in Weimar
- Carl Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck (1772–1864), German freelance gentleman and industrialist
- Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck (1775–1849), Prussian lieutenant general
- Henriette Ulrike Ottilie von Pogwisch (1776–1851), née Henckel von Donnersmarck, mother of Ottilie von Goethe
- Leo Victor Felix Henckel von Donnersmarck (1785–1861), German botanist
- Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck (1811–1890), land and industrial owner
- Pauline Henckel von Donnersmarck (Marquise de Païva or La Païva; * 1819 as Esther Lachmann, † 1884), Parisian lady and French courtesan
- Count Guido Henckel, Prince of Donnersmarck (1830–1916), land and industrial owner
- Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck (1854–1916), German diplomat
- Hugo III Henckel von Donnersmarck (1857–1923), German magnate and officer
- Edwin Henckel von Donnersmarck (1865–1929), mining entrepreneur and member of the Prussian House of Representatives (center)
- Odo Deodatus I. Tauern (1885–1926), ethnologist, progenitor of the Tauern branch of the Henckel von Donnersmarck family
- Georg Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck (1902–1973), member of the German Bundestag ( 2nd and 3rd electoral terms)
- Augustinus Heinrich Count Henckel von Donnersmarck (1935–2005), priest, Premonstratensian, management consultant
- Leo-Ferdinand Count Henckel von Donnersmarck (1935–2009), 1997–2009 President of the German Association of the Order of Malta , 2003–2009 member of the Board of Trustees of the Fürst Donnersmarck Foundation
- Gregor Henckel-Donnersmarck (Ulrich Maria Karl Count Henckel von Donnersmarck) (* 1943), 67th abbot of Heiligenkreuz Abbey
- Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck (* 1973), film director , screenwriter and film producer
- Anna Henckel-Donnersmarck (* 1973), German filmmaker and curator
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Henckel von Donnersmarck, the counts, genealogy . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 8th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1862, p. 300 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Henckel von Donnersmarck, the counts, coat of arms . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 8th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1862, p. 302 ( digitized version ).
- Hugo Reichsgraf Henckel Freiherr von Donnersmarck and the history of his house. Vienna after 1890?
- Henckel von Donnersmarck Hugo. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950. Volume II, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959.
- H. Nussbaum: Henckel von Donnersmarck Graf (since 1901 Prince) Guido. In: Karl Obermann, Heinrich Scheel u. a. (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for German History. German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1967.
- Alfons Perlick : Henckel von Donnersmarck. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 516 ( digitized version ).
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume V, Volume 84 of the complete series, pp. 112-114, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1984, ISSN 0435-2408 .
- J. Bitta: Count Guido Henckel Prince of Donnersmarck. In: Silesians of the 19th century. (= Silesian Life Pictures; Volume 1). Edited by the Historical Commission for Silesia by Friedrich Andreae, 2nd edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1985 ISBN 3-7995-6191-9 .
- Arkadiusz Kuzio-Podrucki: Henckel von Donnersmarckowie. Kariera i fortuna rodu. Rococo, Bytom 2003 ISBN 83-86293-41-1 (Polish).
- Jarosław Aleksander Krawczyk, Arkadiusz Kuzio-Podrucki: Zamki i pałace Donnersmarcków. Castles of the Donnersmarcks. 2nd edition, Drukarnia Skill, Bytom 2003 ISBN 83-86293-41-1 (German and Polish).
- Manfred Rasch : The first wire rod from the Niederrheinische Hütte 1913 - Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck and Bernhard Grau . stahl und eisen 133 (2013), no. 11, pp. 256–259.
- Hoch-Adeliche Stam [m] -Taffeln: According to the order of the alphabet, Volume 3, 1726, p. 12f.
- European genealogical manual 1754. S. 177f.
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses 1876. S. 361ff.
Web links
- Henckel von Donnersmarck in Paul Theroff's Online Gotha
- Family genealogy tables: M.Marek Genealogy of Henckel von Donnersmarck in M.Marek, Genealogy.Eu
- Bibliography portal on the history of East Central Europe - LitDok East Central Europe
- Newspaper article about Henckel von Donnersmarck in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf Martin: Yearbook of the wealth and income of the millionaires in the Kingdom of Prussia. 2nd vol., Berlin 1913, quoted from: Rudolf Vierhaus , Bernhard vom Brocke (ed.): Research in the field of tension between politics and society. History and structure of the Kaiser Wilhelm / Max Planck Society. DVA, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-421-02744-7 , p. 45.