Reign of Waldenburg

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The rule Waldenburg was a direct imperial territory of the Schönburg rule in the west of today's Free State of Saxony . Originally owned by the Lords of Waldenburg , the rule came to the Schönburg family in 1378 . Only after the recession with the Saxon elector in 1740 did the rule of Waldenburg gradually become part of the Schönburg recession in the Saxon state.

Until the introduction of the comprehensive administrative reform in the area of ​​the Schönburg recession in 1878 and the complete incorporation into the Kingdom of Saxony , the Waldenburg dominion formed the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , judiciary and army successes . The administrative seat was Waldenburg Castle in Waldenburg .

Geographical location

The rule of Waldenburg is the northernmost of the Schönburg recess rule. The contiguous area of ​​the former rule Waldenburg was on both sides of the Zwickauer Mulde . It included some places that were wholly or partly under the administration of Schönburg vassals. To the west of this area were the exclaves Oberwiera and Pfaffroda . In the east there were some houses that belonged to Hohenstein and Ernstthal , as well as the Waldenburger Oberwald .

The dominion of Waldenburg was surrounded by the Schönburg dominions of Remse , Glauchau , Lichtenstein and Penig (only its exclaves). Furthermore, the area bordered the Electoral Saxon offices of Chemnitz and Borna (exclave rule Wolkenburg ) and the core area of ​​the Altenburg district office and their exclave Rußdorf of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg .

The area of ​​the former rule of Waldenburg is now in the north-eastern part of the Saxon district of Zwickau . Today the places belong to the cities of Waldenburg and Hohenstein-Ernstthal as well as to the communities Schönberg , Oberwiera and Callenberg .

Adjacent administrative units

Altenburg district office Amt Borna (exclave rule Wolkenburg ), rule Penig (exclave Bräunsdorf )
Reign of Remse Neighboring communities Office Chemnitz , County Office Altenburg (exclave Russdorf )
Lordship of Glauchau Lordship of Lichtenstein

The information relates to the core area of ​​the Waldenburg rule. The western enclaves Oberwiera and Pfaffroda bordered on the same administrative units or on enclaves of these.

history

Waldenburg Castle

The rule of Waldenburg under the Lords of Waldenburg

The origin of the rule Waldenburg lies in the 12th century. In the course of the state expansion and the German settlement in the east , the noble lords of Wartha, who had their ancestral seat in Warta in the diocese of Naumburg , left the area on the Unstrut on behalf of Emperor Friedrich I (called Barbarossa) and founded between 1165 and 1175 southeast of Altenburg a new rule. There Hugo von Wartha built Waldenburg Castle together with Rudolph von Brand on a path leading to Bohemia (“ Böhmischer Steig ”), which crossed the Zwickau Mulde in a ford . His descendants now named themselves " von Waldenburg " after their new seat .

In the period that followed, Waldenburg Castle was the center of a dominion that extended south into the Ore Mountains and also included the Rabenstein (which came to the Benedictine monastery of Chemnitz in 1375), Wolkenstein and Greifenstein. Around the castle Waldenburg the places Altwaldenburg (1290), old town Waldenburg (1317) and the upper town Waldenburg (first mentioned in 1136), which today form the core of the town Waldenburg. In 1378, as a result of the legacy between Johannes I. von Waldenburg and Friedrich von Schönburg- Hassenstein, the Schönburgers became the lords of the castle, town and rule of Waldenburg. They remained in the castle's possession until 1945. The headquarters of the Lords of Waldenburg then became Castle Wolkenstein in the Ore Mountains. In 1473, the male line of the Lords of Waldenburg died out.

The rule of Waldenburg under the Lords of Schönburg

The lordship of Waldenburg, acquired by the Schönburgers in 1378, was the third of the four original Schönburg lords after the lordship of Glauchau (owned since 1256) and the lordship of Lichtenstein (Schönburg since 1286) . After that the acquisition was followed by the county Hartenstein in 1406. While the Lords of Schönburg the county Hartenstein from the Electorate of Saxony as Empire after feud got wore them her three Reichslehen Glauchau, Lichtenstein and Waldenburg the Czech kings of the House Luxembourg that the German Emperor set up as Reichsafterlehen to protect them from the influence of the Electorate of Saxony. In 1519 Waldenburg Castle was built as a palace after it was destroyed by the Hussites in 1430 . After a fire in the castle, it was rebuilt between 1529 and 1534. In 1542 Hugo I, Baron von Schönburg-Waldenburg introduced the Reformation in Waldenburg.

After the death of Ernst I von Schönburg (1486–1534), after a period of guardianship in 1556, the Schönburg dominions were divided among his sons. The rule Waldenburg came together with the rule Lichtenstein and Hartenstein to the Saxon secret council Hugo I von Schönburg (1529–1566), who founded the line Schönburg-Waldenburg. As a new mansion, a new Renaissance castle was built between 1556 and 1565 as a residence in place of the front part of the castle. Parallel to the new front lock, which consisted of two rectangular wings with stepped towers in front, still existed the rear lock with the medieval keep, separated by a moat. However, this was destroyed in a fire in 1619 and not rebuilt.

In 1700 the entire house was the von Schoenburg by Emperor I. Leopold in the imperial counts charged. As a result, the Lords of Schönburg-Waldenburg resided from now on as Counts of Schönburg-Waldenburg at Waldenburg Castle. The possessions of the Waldenburg main line of the Schönburger, which was also called "upper line" and which was split up by divisions, included the rule Waldenburg, the rule Lichtenstein, Hartenstein and the rule Stein , which was established in 1702, each with its own residence with an office as the seat of the Administration owned. In 1797 the rule of Remse , which was under electoral saxon rule, became part of the Schönburg-Waldenburg line. Furthermore, judgment was Rüsdorf (consisting of Rüsdorf and Kuhschnappel ) and the under electoral Saxon seigneury seignories Tirschheim and Ziegelheim temporarily managed by the line Schön-Waldenburg.

In a recession with the Saxon Elector on May 4, 1740, after lengthy negotiations with the Minister Heinrich Graf von Brühl , the Lords of Schönburg had to renounce most of the autonomy rights resulting from the imperial immediacy. In the following decades the Schönburg Recess Lords Glauchau, Lichtenstein, Waldenburg, Hartenstein and Stein were gradually integrated into the Saxon electoral state . The efforts of the Schönburgers to reverse the revision of the 1740 recession sparked a conflict in 1768 that led to military action as part of the War of the Bavarian Succession ("Glauchau War"). In the Peace of Teschen in 1779, Electoral Saxony obtained from Maria Theresa as the Bohemian queen the lordship rights over the Schönburg recessionary lords of Glauchau, Lichtenstein and Waldenburg, which finally asserted itself as the sole sovereign.

Otto Karl Friedrich Graf von Schönburg, regent of the upper line Schönburg-Waldenburg, was raised to the rank of prince by Emperor Leopold II on the day of his coronation, October 9, 1790 . During the time of his tenure, the English landscape garden known as Green Fields Park was also created at the gates of the city of Waldenburg.

In 1835 the relationship between the now Kingdom of Saxony and the House of Schönburg was reorganized . The jurisdiction of the rule Waldenburg took over after 1850 the court office Waldenburg. During the revolution of 1848 , the Waldenburg Castle was looted and then burned down. The ruins of the building were removed in 1852/53 and today's castle was rebuilt at the same location between 1855 and 1859. As a result of the abolition of the patrimonial courts in the German Empire , the Saxon government took over full judicial and administrative sovereignty over the Schönburg recession on December 1, 1878 on the basis of a further recession. From the Schönburg recess rulers of Glauchau, Lichtenstein and Waldenburg, together with the former rulership of Remse, which had been reclassified from the Zwickau administration, the Glauchau administration was formed in Saxony . From then on, the princes and counts of Schönburg were no longer bearers of state sovereignty, except for their special status as class lords and members of the First Chamber. However, they retained their extensive Saxon property with castles, commercial companies and art assets until they were expropriated in the course of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone from 1945 .

Associated places

Cities
Villages (official places)
Individual goods in places of other rulers and other property
Villages (vassal court Callenberg)
Villages (vassal court Oberwiera)
Villages (Vasallengut Schönberg)
1The other shares belonged to the Wettin dominion of Wolkenburg and the Schönburg dominion of Remse .
2The other part belonged to the Schönburg rule of Glauchau .
3The other part belonged to the Schönburg manor of Tirschheim , which was under Wettin suzerainty.
4thThe other shares belonged to the electoral office of Rochlitz and the Schönburg dominion of Penig .
5The other part belonged to the Schönburg rule of Glauchau .
6thThe other part belonged to the Schönburg rulership of Remse , which was under Wettin suzerainty.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of Waldenburg on the city's website
  2. ^ Hugo I. von Schönburg-Waldenburg in the Saxon biography
  3. Michael Wetzel: Hugo I., Lord of Schönburg . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .
  4. The Glauchau administrative authority in the municipal register 1900